Chloroplast - munyoro muchitokisi organelle

Chloroplast - ichi ndechimwe zvachose muchitokisi organelles. It anoita chinokosha muitiro mapuraneti kukosha - photosynthesis.

Zvinonyatsorehwa nemamiriro urongwa dvuhmembrannyh organelles

Mumwe organelle rine pose midziyo uye zvemukati kugutsikana. Chloroplasts uye mitochondria zvivako zviri prokaryotic sero - zvinenge pamwe neerekitironi. Pemvura izvi organelles midziyo ine membranes maviri akatsaurwa pedyo nenzvimbo. Spatially uye anatomically havana chokuita nevamwe STRUCTURAL zvikamu masero uye vanobatanidzwa simba muviri. Mitochondria ndivo organelles vakawanda mhando notumwe, zvinomera uye mhuka. Vanoshanda nokuti ATP usage - imwe fuma iri mhando masero simba chengetedza. Chloroplast - uyewo dvuhmembrannaya organelle, raiva boka plastids.

A siyana plastid

In masero zvipenyu pane mhando nhatu pakati plastids. Zviri chloroplasts, chromoplasts uye leucoplasts. Avo akasiyana ruvara, STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye mabasa. Chloroplast - a plastid munyoro, chine chlorophyll ruvara. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji nokuda pamberi dzimwe madhayi, vanogona kuva mashava, uye tsvuku. Somuenzaniso, mune siyana muchitokisi algae. Panguva imwe chete chromoplasts nguva dzose Hauoneki. chikuru basa ravo - ndiyo kuchengetera muviri. Saka, muna mbatatisi tubers ane starch. Chromoplasts - plastids une carotenoid pigments. Vanopa ruvara kuti dzakasiyana-siyana chirimwa. Nemavara nemidzi makarotsi uye beets, ruva petals muri unoshamisa muenzaniso weizvi.

Plastids anogona kushandurwa. Pakutanga havana muka kubva mumasero yedzidzo zvinyama zviri zvidiki vesicles takapoteredzwa membranes maviri. In pamberi rezuva simba vari dzikwanise chloroplasts. With kukwegura, mashizha madzinde yacho chlorophyll anotanga kuputsa. Somugumisiro, girini plastids tinoshandurirwa chromoplasts.

Ngatikurukurei kupa mienzaniso mishomanana zvikuru. Vose vakaona kuti mumatsutso kunosiya chinja ruvara. Izvi imhaka yokuti chloroplasts tinoshandurirwa tsvuku, yero, bardovye plastids. Chete kushandurwa kunoitika munguva muchero ichiibvira. In chiedza mbatatisi tubers kutendeukira mitema: mu leucoplasts anotanga kuumba chlorophyll. Kwokupedzisira pavaipfuura Kugadzirwa plastids ndivo chromoplasts sezvo havasi kuumba mamwe marudzi zvakafanana hurongwa.

Ndezvipi pigments?

Ruvara, basa uye nemamiriro chloroplast nokuda pamberi zvimwe zvinhu - pigments. Pachisikirwo vava Organic yeimwe, makara dzakasiyana dzenyika chirimwa. Chlorophylls ndivo vakawanda vavo. Ivo inowanikwa masero algae uye yakakwirira zvinomera. Zvakasikwa, carotenoids vari kakawanda kuwana. Ivo inowanikwa rinozivikanwa zvikuru mupenyu. Zvikurukuru, zvinomera zvose, mamwe marudzi tupukanana tusingaoneki, tumbuyu, hove uye shiri. Mukuwedzera, vanopa ruvara zviri siyana, carotenoids ndivo huru ziso pigments kungotaurwa rinoonekwa uye ruvara maonero.

The nemamiriro Kamudzira

Dyarai chloroplasts vane Kamudzira miviri. Uyezve, munhu wakatsetseka kunze. A dzakawanda siyana excrescences. Vari rinotungamirirwa kupinda zviri chloroplast, yainzi stroma. Sezvo yomukati Kamudzira akasungwa zvivako uye anokosha - thylakoids. Nemaziso, ivo sandara odnomembrannye tangi. Vanogona kuiswa singly kana akaungana muzvikochikari 5-20 zvidimbu. Dzinonzi grana. Dzinongoda pamusoro zvivako thylakoid pigments. The zvihombe ndivo chlorophylls uye carotenoids riite vanotsigira basa. Ivo zvinodiwa photosynthesis. The stroma rinewo morekuru reDNA uye RNA, nezviyo starch uye ribosome.

Mashandiro anoita chloroplasts

The chikuru basa ouswa plastids - kwetunhu Organic zvinhu kubva inorganic nokuda chiedza simba. chigadzirwa Its ari polysaccharide kuti shuga uye okisijeni. Pasina izvi gasi kufema muviri rezvisikwa zvose Pasi hwaizodai. Izvi zvinoreva photosynthesis chinhu zvinokosha mutoo mapuraneti kukosha.

The nemamiriro chloroplast zvinoguma ayo mamwe mabasa. Pamusoro Kamudzira ane plastid kunoitika ATP kwetunhu. Kukosha izvi iri kuunganidza uye kuchengetera imwe mari simba. Izvi zvinoitika panguva panowanikwa ezvinhu zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza: kuvapo mvura yakakwana, zuva simba zvokudya. Paaiita zvinokosha dzinotsanagura ari ATP riri dzainamatira kusunungura imwe mari simba. Zvinonzi wapera panguva Implementation ari kukura, kukura, kufamba, kubereka, uye nemamwe maitiro zvinokosha. chloroplast mabasa vari zvakare pakuti mune dzimwe plastids idzi synthesized lipids, Kamudzira mapuroteni uye makemikari kuitawo photosynthesis.

zvichireva photosynthesis

Chloroplast - kubatana pakati chirimwa uye zvakatipoteredza. Somugumisiro photosynthesis kunoitika kwete chete inotungamirwa reokisijeni, asi ichitanga kabhoni zvakasikwa, rehydrogen, kuramba kuramba anoumba chadenga. Izvi ichikutadzisa wevasungwa pakati carbon dioxide, nokudaro zvichiita kuti girinihausi zvazviri overheating ari panyika, uye rufu zhinji zvipenyu panyika. Plastids chloroplasts, vari organelles masero vanoita zvinokosha kushanda, kuziva kuvapo upenyu Panyika.