Utongi hwechiKomonisiti

Shoko "totalitarianism" (kubva "totalitas" mukupera) rinoreva kuzara kuvimbika. Izwi akaonekwa uye kunyenga maviri-thirties. Pfungwa yakashandiswa apo kureva boka raivapo panguva iyoyo hurongwa enyika munyika dzinoverengeka. Somuenzaniso, rinotaura kuti pane utongi hwechiFascist muItaly, Nazi Germany uye Bolshevik Soviet Union.

Mumwe wevanhu uyo akashandisa izwi iri raiva John. Amendola. munyori uyu waiti komiyunizimu sezvo Fascism - utongi hwechiFascist, inova kwomusikirwo liberalism nekuzvitonga kuzere.

Izwi iri rinoshandiswa uye George. Marudzi. Muna 1925, tsanangudzo kutanga kushandiswa nehurumende Italian. Kuburikidza basa yevaHedheni, ndiye dzematongerwe enyika fascism, izwi vakapinda kushandiswa.

Utongi hwechiFascist, zviratidzo zvacho chaizvo chairwo, pane (sezvo nhoroondo inoratidza) mu ezvinhu yakadzika dambudziko. Panguva yepashure pehondo, munguva yehondo, etc. Panguva dzakadaro, unofanira kutora vakaoma matanho kudzorera upfumi, imire mukurwisana, nokudzosa hurongwa uye nechokwadi takatsiga. Panguva iyoyo vanoda kudzivirirwa zvemagariro mapoka kuridza basa evanhu nheyo mamiriro.

Pakati ezvinhu zvinoita kuti chidzoke pamusoro pevatongi hwechiFascist, vatsvakurudzi anotaura kwemaindasitiri munzanga. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe mukuru prerequisites kuti kukura itsva kurongeka enyika ndiko kuwedzera vezvenhau mikana inobatsira kwete chete kune yezvisikwa ideologization, asiwo pakagadzwa kudzora mabhora ose basa munhu. In ezvinhu aya, zvinonzi akaberekwa monopolization hwenyika, pamwe nokusimbaradza wehurumende simba, uyewo yaro supervisory uye pamutemo mabasa.

A hurumende pevatongi iri yemanyorero dzinoratidzwa kuvapo imwe, pamutemo kuumbwa dzidziso. Zvinonzi kunorondedzerwa mutongo vepamusoro, bato rezvematongerwo enyika, mutungamiri, kufamba, kana "mutungamiriri wevanhu." Hapana mubvunzo uyu apo hurumende achida kuwana Mhedziso kudzora zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu, uyewo kuti apedzise pasi womunhu ari hune ngozi uye vane simba. Panguva iyoyowo, hurumende uye vanhu vari kubatwa somunhu chete, indivisible yose.

Dzematongerwe anosarudza mutungamiri enyika. Hwaro dzematongerwe iri kugara motokari kuti chinangwa chaicho (kana kuvaka komiyunizimu zvakazadza nyika, somuenzaniso).

Utongi hurumende zvinoda mumwe chete bato. Panyaya iyi, vamwe inotungamirwa enyika pamusoro vakaparadzirwa, vakaparadzwa, anofanira wairambidza. The bato nesimba (simba kutonga) haanzi mutungamiriri, uye kugadzwa ayo dzinoturwa sohutsvene dzidziso.

In Hurumende mazwi totalitarianism anosiyana zvakanyanyisa centralism. Management tsika dzaitaurwa muchimiro aurayiwe mirayiro kubva kumusoro. Kana urongwa uyu haana kungokurudzira, asi kurangwa zvakaomarara. zviremera zvomunzvimbo vane basa kuparadzira mirairo.

The "Mutungamiriri" runouya pakati yose yezvinhu. It akazivisa kupfuura akanaka, akachenjera, rakavimbika, nguva dzose tichifunga chete pamusoro vanhu akadini. Chero dzinonetsa Mafungiro kuti mutungamiri pakarepo woutsinye.

Chinhu chinokosha chinowanikwa utongi hwechiKomonisiti chinhu zvachose uye zvinowanzoshandiswa toreva vaityisa vemo. Saka, mukuru ezvinhu nokuda Implementation uye nenzvimbo simba chisimba. Kuti aite izvi, asike ghettos uye mumisasa yevasungwa, apo kutambudza kwakakurumbira, basa rakaoma, crackdown, uye paiva vakawanda kuurayiwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mapurisa dziripo dzakasiyana zvematongerwe enyika. Asi pasi totalitarianism kunoratidza "terroristichnost" mapurisa kuzvidzora, izvo, kuuraya munhu, hazvina zvakakodzera kuratidza mhosva yake.