Nheyo yakaderera uye yakasimba asidi munguva ye hydrolysis ye salt

Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuti hydrolysis ye salt inowedzera sei mumagariro avo, tinotanga nekujekesa nzira.

Kutsunga uye zvikamu zve hydrolysis

Izvi zvinosanganisira chimiro chemakemikari yemvura ion neminyu inomunyu, inokonzera kusakosha kwaro (kana kuti asidi), pamwe nekuita kwemasvikiro. Chero chero munyu unogona kusimudzirwa sechigadzirwa chemakemikari yekuita sechando uye acid. Zvichitenderera kuti simba ravo nderei, zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa racho zvinosarudzwa.

Mafuta e hydrolysis

Mu chemistry, mitatu mitatu yekuita pakati pemunyu nemvura inotorwa inoonekwa. Nhengo imwe neimwe inoitwa nekushandura mu pH yepakati, naizvozvo, inorongwa kushandisa marudzi akasiyana ezviratidzo kuti ione hydrogen index. Semuenzaniso, violet litmus inoshandiswa pamasikiriti acidic, phenolphthalein yakakonzerwa nea alkaline reaction. Regai tiongorore zvakanyatsoratidza zvikamu zvechidimbu chimwe nechimwe che hydrolysis. Nheyo dzakasimba uye dzisina simba dzinogona kutsanangurwa kubva patafura ye solubility, uye simba reacids rinotsanangurwa kubva patafura.

Hydrolysis by cation

Semuenzaniso wemunyu wakadaro, tinofunga nezveyero inonzi chloride (2). Ferric hydroxide (2) isingakoshi, uye hydrochloric acid ine simba. Mune nzira yekubatana nemvura (hydrolysis), kuumbwa kwemashoko omunyu (iron hydroxochloride 2) inoitika, uyewo hydrochloric acid inoumbwa. Chimiro chechidimbu chinooneka mumhinduro , chinogona kugadziriswa nerubatsiro rwebhuruu litmus (pH pasi pe7). Muchiitiko ichi, hydrolysis pachayo inopfuurira kuburikidza ne cation, sezvo chikamu chisina simba chinoshandiswa.

Ngatitorei imwezve muenzaniso weboka re hydrolysis kune iyo yakatsanangurwa nyaya. Cherechedza munyu we magnesium chloride. Magnesium Hydroxide isati yakasimba, uye hydrochloric acid isimba rakasimba. Mune nzira yekubatana nemadzikorolekemu emvura, magnesium chloride inoshandurwa kusvika munyu munyu (hydroxochloride). Magnesium hydroxide, iyo iyo inowirirwa inomiririra mufananidzo M (OH) ₂ , inogadziriswa mumvura, asi yakasimba hydrochloric acid inopa sarudzo inonzi acidic medium.

Hydrolysis by anion

Izvozvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehydrolysis inozivikanwa nemunyu, iyo inoumbwa nesimbi yakasimba (alkali) uye asidi isina simba. Somuenzaniso munyaya iyi, funga sodiumdium carbonate.

Mune munyu uyu kune nheyo yakasimba ye sodium, uyewo iyo isina simba carbonacid acid. Kuwirirana nemadzikorosi emvura kunowedzera nekuumbwa kweAic acid salt - sodium hydrogencarbonate, kureva, hydrolysis inowanikwa ne anion. Mukuwedzera, sodium hydroxide inoumbwa mumugadziro , iyo inoita kuti mhinduro ive yerikari.

Ngatitorei mumwe muenzaniso wenyaya iyi. Potassium sulphite isu munyu unoumbwa nesimbi yakasimba-caustic potassium, uyewo simba sulfuric acid. Panguva yekubatana nemvura (munguva ye hydrolysis), kuumbwa kwe potassium hydrosulfite (asidi munyu) uye potassium hydroxide (alkali) inoitika. Nzira iri mukati mechigadziro ichave yema alkaline, inogona kusimbiswa ne phenolphthalein.

Complete hydrolysis

Muchirwe weasidha asiri uye chigadziko chakashata chinopera hydrolysis. Ngatiedzei kuti tione kuti chii chaicho, uye ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvichaumbwa semugumisiro wemakemikari anoita.

Regai tiongorore i hydrolysis yenheyo isina simba uye asidi isina simba nemuenzaniso wealuminium sulphide. Iyi munyu inoumbwa neAluminium hydroxide, iyo inowanikwa isina simba, uyewo isina simba hydrogen sulphide. Kana uchitaurirana nemvura, inokwana hydrolysis inoonekwa, semugumisiro weiyo gaseous hydrogen sulfide inoumbwa, uyewo aluminium hydroxide seyakagadziriswa. Uku kubatana kunoitika zvose pamusoro pemiti uye kune anion, saka izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zve hydrolysis zvinonzi zvakakwana.

Uyezve, semuenzaniso wekubatana nemhando iyi yemunyu nemvura, magnesium sulphide inogona kutaurwa. Muchidimbu cheyuyu munyu kune magnesium hydroxide, iyo inonzi Mg (OH) 2. Icho chinhu chakashata chakasvibiswa, chisingasviki mumvura. Mukuwedzera, kune hydrogen sulphide mukati me magnesium sulfide, iyo isina simba. Paanenge achitaurirana nemvura, inokwana hydrolysis inoitika (ne cation uye anion), zvichibva pamusana pokuti magnesium hydroxide inoumbwa sei sechidimbu, uye hydrogen sulphide inosunungurwa segasi.

Kana tikatarisa hydrolysis yemunyu, iyo inoumbwa ne-asidi yakasimba uye nheyo yakasimba, saka inofanira kuonekwa kuti hairevi. Nzira inogadziriswa yakagadziriswa yakadai seyerodium chloride , potassium nitrate , inoramba isingarereki.

Mhedziso

Nheyo dzakasimba uye dzisina simba, iyo acid inoshandiswa nemararamiro, inopinda mugumisiro wehydrolysis, iyo inopindirana nechepakati mumugumisiro unoguma. Nzira dzakadaro dzakapararira mune zvakasikwa.

Hydrolysis inokosha zvakanyanya mumakemikari kushandiswa kwenyika. Iine sirphidi yesimbi iyo inogadzikana zvishoma mumvura. Sezvavanoshandisa hydrolyze, hydrogen sulfide mafomu uye vanobudiswa mukati memhepo panguva yekubhururuka kwemhepo.

Silicate matombo panguva yekuchinja kune hydroxides, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa zvishoma kwematombo. Somuenzaniso, maminari akadai se malachite chibereko che hydrolysis yemhangura carbonates.

Nzira yakasimba ye hydrolysis inowanikwawo muNyika yeNyika. I-magnesium ne calcium bicarbonates, iyo inoitwa nemvura, ine zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinyorwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushandiswa kwetotoynthesis mumiti yegungwa kunowedzera, uye zvipenyu zvegungwa zvinowedzera zvakanyanya.

Mufuta pane kusvibiswa kwemvura uye nyura ye calcium uye magnesium. Munguva yekupisa kwemafuta, kushamwaridzana kwavo nemvura inopisa. Mukati ye hydrolysis hydrogen chloride inoumbwa, mukubatana kweiyo nematare, iyo midziyo inoparadzwa.