Biosystem - nayo ... The muviri somunhu biosystem

Biosystems - kunzwisisa richikurukura masangano pakugadzira akakodzera, kubva rose kusvikira Sub-mabhomba. Izvi zvinoratidza Conceptual mufananidzo vakawanda maberekero maitiro zvakasikwa - nevanhu rezvinhu zvipenyu, nhengo uye munyama. The micro- uye nanoscopic pamwero nehurongwa mienzaniso masero zvoutachiona, organelles, macromolecular zvivako uye pamutemo anotenderera.

The muviri somunhu biosystem

In zvipenyu, imwe nhengo iri chero contiguous chipenyu hurongwa, pamwe nemhuka, zvinomera, notumwe tupukanana protists kana utachiona. All Mhando anozivikanwa chezvisikwa Panyika vanogona pamwero kupindura mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira, bereka, kukura, ichishanduka uye kuzvidzora chengetedza (homeostasis).

Nhengo sezvo biosystem ine masero mumwe kana kupfuura. Most chete-celled zvinenge chinhu nemaziso pamwero uye, naizvozvo, ndezvaJehovha tusingaoneki. Vanhu - zviri zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge rinoumbwa dzakazadza akawanda masero mumapoka specialized nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri.

Multiplicity uye kusiyana zvoutachiona gadziriro

Zvinofungidzirwa uwandu pakubhadhara ano Earth siyana 10 kusvika mamiriyoni 14, izvo chete anenge 1,2 miriyoni kunge pamutemo rakanyorwawo.

Shoko rokuti "muviri" ine chokuita nemashoko okuti "sangano". Rinogona kurondedzerwa se gungano mamorekuru kuti kushanda sechinhu zvakawanda kana zvishoma kugadzikana rose, iro rinoratidza kuti ehupfumi zvoupenyu. The muviri somunhu biosystem - ndiyo dzavamwe vapenyu mamiriro, akadai chirimwa, mhuka, chakuvhe kana utachiona, izvo zvinogona kukura uye muwande. Kunze muri nemavhairasi uye zvichiita anthropogenic inorganic upenyu siyana, nokuti kuvimba nokukanganisika mashandiro ari musero.

Muviri somunhu biosystem

The muviri womunhu waigona wo kunzi biosystem. Ndicho raora zvomukati zvose. Miviri yedu anoumbwa zvinoverengeka zvoutachiona hurongwa kuti vanoita chaiyo zvakakodzera kuti upenyu hwezuva nezuva mabasa.

• Basa kweropa kwava kuita kuti ropa, zvokudya, okisijeni, carbon dioxide uye hormone kuti nhengo uye munyama. Inoitwa mwoyo, ropa, tsinga, arteries uye mutsinga.
• The zvomudumbu Hurongwa inoumbwa munhevedzano kunofambidzana miviri, izvo pamwe kubvumira muviri wokudzidza uye kugaya zvokudya, uyewo paaivatambudza tsvina zvakanaka. Chinosanganisira muromo, yegurokuro, dumbu, ura duku, muura, mugaranhoko uye horo. Nerwatata uyewo basa rinokosha mune zvomudumbu ino, nokuti kubudisa zvomudumbu facial.
• The kwemakemikari anobudiswa Hurongwa rinoumbwa mumasero huru sere kuti secrete mahormone kupinda ropa. mahormone Ivavawo, kuenda nyama siyana uye chengetedza siyana muviri mabasa.
• The rokuzvidzivirira muviri kudzivirira utachiona, nemavhairasi uye nezvimwe zvinokuvadza utachiona. Chinosanganisira node nodes, chirwatata, mumwongo chena ropa masero uye lymphocytes.
• The nhengo dzinobudisa Hurongwa zvinosanganisira node nodes, ducts nemidziyo ropa, uye rine basa sezvo muviri dzokuzvidzivirira. Its chikuru chinangwa - ndiko kuti kuumba uye kutama node, imwe mvura yakachena ane ropa masero machena kuti inobatsira muviri kurwisa zvirwere. The nhengo dzinobudisa Hurongwa zvakare inobvisa zvakawandisa nhengo dzinobudisa mvura kubva nyama dzomuviri uye anodzoka nayo ropa.
• Tsinga anotonga zvose yokuzvidira (somuenzaniso, imwe vanoziva kufamba) uye involuntary nezviito (semuenzaniso, afemeruke), uye anotuma anonongedzera kuti dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri. The nechepakati tsinga inosanganisira uropi uye musana. The peripheral tsinga ine tsinga kuti rinobatanidza nechimwe chikamu muviri nezvebasa tsinga.
• The tsandanyama hurongwa muviri rinoumbwa vanenge 650 tsandanyama, izvo kubatsira sangano, kuparadzirwa uye kuita zvimwe pamuviri mabasa.

• Dzokubereka nadzo zvinobvumira vanhu zvichiberekana. Evanhu dzokubereka nadzo kunosanganisira mboro uye testes, izvo zvibereko dzisingaoneki. The munhukadzi dzokubereka nadzo kuchibva nyinyo, dumbu uye ovaries. Panguva pamuviri, dzisingaoneki fiyuzi pamwe zai, izvo zvinoitawo kuti nembeu zai, inobereka mudumbu.
• Miviri yedu vanotsigirwa ne skeletal gadziriro, zvinosanganisira 206 mafupa, izvo zvakabatanidzwa nemarunda, nemarunda uye shwashwa. Marangwanda kwete chete nesu kunotibatsira kuti, asi iri munyaya masero eropa uye calcium yakawanda chekuchengeta. Meno chezvibereko skeletal ezvinhu, asi havazivi kuverenga mapfupa.
• The kufema Hurongwa anokwanisa kugamuchira rinokosha okisijeni uye kubvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa ari kwacho kuti yatinoti kufema. Inoitwa kunonyanya kubva trachea, zvemapapu uye diaphragm.
• The Urinary Hurongwa kunobatsira kubvisa tsvina chigadzirwa inonzi urea kubva mumuviri. Inoitwa netsvo mbiri, mbiri ureters, dundira, iyo urethra uye vaviri sphincter tsandanyama. Weti iri zvinoberekwa itsvo, Uchibviswa pasi ureters kupinda dundira nomuviri kubudikidza urethra.
• The ganda ndiko kupfuura nhengo dzemuviri. It inotidzivirira kubva kunze kwenyika, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi nezvimwewo utachiona, uyewo kubatsira waidzora muviri tembiricha uye achabvisa tsvina kuburikidza ziya. Kuwedzera ganda, ari integumentary hurongwa inosanganisira bvudzi uye nezvipikiri.

nhengo dzakakosha

Muvanhu, pane vashanu zvinokosha zvomukati, izvo zvinodikanwa kupona. Ndicho uropi, mwoyo, itsvo, chitaka uye nemapapu.

• Uropi hwomunhu ndicho kudzorwa pakati muviri, kugamuchira uye kuparadzira anonongedzera kune dzimwe nhengo kuburikidza tsinga uye kuburikidza secreted mahormone. Ndiye anokonzera pfungwa dzedu, manzwiro, ndangariro uye mukuru maonero enyika.
• Mwoyo womunhu basa kupomba ropa mumuviri wedu.
• netsvo basa kubvisa tsvina uye imwe zvinwiwa kubva ropa.
• Chiropa ane kushanda zhinji, kusanganisira detoxification anokuvadza makemikari, akoromoke mishonga ropa filtration, secretion pamusoro bile uye kugadzirwa mapuroteni nokuda kweropa.
• Mapapu vane basa nokubviswa okisijeni kubva mhepo yatinofema uye kuchinjwa payo neropa redu, apo rinogona akatuma muzvitokisi zvedu. Mapapu uyewo kubvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa kuti isu exhale.

mafaro zvinhu

• Muviri womunhu une masero anenge matiririyoni 100..
• Paavhareji mukuru anoita 20,000 kundosvikira pazuva.
• Zuva nezuva vanenge 200 namabukira aiitirwa quartile (50 marita) ropa kuchenesa kunze anenge 2 marita remvura uye dongo.
• Adult vanhu emit pamusoro kota nehafu (1.42 litres) kuti weti rimwe zuva.
• Uropi hwomunhu rine masero anenge mabhiriyoni 100 tsinga.
• Water inoumba zvinopfuura 50 muzana youremu hwezvinhu mukuru womunhu muviri.

Nei muviri unonzi biosystem?

A muviri mhenyu imwe sangano panyaya mupenyu. Hazvina biosystem, izvo, kufanana mamwe maitiro, unotora interconnected okunze, zvakadai mamorekuru, masero, munyama, nhengo dzomuviri. Zvose ino achibva chinhu akatsunga vakuru yokusafa uye kurarama muviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamorekuru akaumbwa masero, kubva masero - zvinyama kubva zvinyama - miviri nhengo - nenhengo dzawo. Properties Biosystems zvinosanganisirawo chidzoke, izvo zvinoreva chitarisiko unhu hutsva features, kana kukabatanidzwa zvinhu varipo uye kure yapfuura siyana.

Cell somunhu biosystem

A sero rimwe chete rinogona kunzi biosystem wakakwana. Ndiyo hweBazi izvo ine chivako chacho uye muviri. It anokwanisa kurarama pamusoro yayo, bereka pachavo uye vave mitemo yavo pachavo. In zvipenyu, pane chikamu chose yakatsaurirwa kuna ayo kudzidza, akadana cytology uye masero zvipenyu.

Keji - imwe zvokutanga chipenyu hurongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira munhu zvinoriumba kuti vane chaizvo unhu uye vaite mabasa avo.

kunzwisisa maitiro

Biosystem vanosanganisira kwakadaro nyaya mhenyu kubva macromolecules uye kuti vakawanda masero uye zvinhu zvipenyu. Rine zvinotevera kwevari sangano:

• Gene chechetere;
• cellular chechetere;
• nhengo nenyere nehurongwa;
• Utachiona uye hurongwa;
• uwandu hwevanhu uye uwandu hwevanhu nehurongwa;
• munharaunda uye zvinhu zvipenyu.

Biological zvinoumba-siyana kwevari sangano iri imwe kuti kushamwaridzana zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa, simba uye dzimwe abiotic zvinoriumba uye zvinhu. Zvichienderana scale, akasiyana hurongwa ndivo nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana anoranga. Majini vanobatanidzwa genetics, muchitokisi cytology kufunga. Mitumbi zvinotora pamusoro physiology. Ichthyology zveBhaibheri zvinenge, zvidukuduku, ornithology, anthropology uye zvichingodaro.