Chii chiri kukoroni? The Great Greek Colonization

Colonization inotora nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo yezvizhinji zvekare. Chii chiri kukoroni? Icho chiri mukati uye kunze. Kudzorerwa kwevanhu uye kubudirira kwezvemari kwenzvimbo dzisina ruzivo mukati memunyika yavo ndezvekupindira kwemukati. Chii chiri kunze kwekoloni? Iyi kugadziriswa kwenharaunda yevasingazivi nokuda kwekutora nyika inowanzopindirana nekutengesa kwechisimba kwevanhu vemo kana kuparadzwa kwayo, asi kunogona kuva nerunyararo.

Colonization, chii chikoro? Uku ndiko kugadzirisa kwevanhu kune imwe nyika. Nyika kana guta rakabva kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika rinonzi metropolis (kubva muchiGiriki - "guta-amai").

Great colonization

VaFenikiya vakatanga kutora nyika dzevamwe pakutanga. Vakateverwa nevaGiriki. Kuyerera kwechiito chechiGiriki kunowira paVIII-VI yezana remakore BC - ichi ndicho chiGiriki chikuru chekoloni. Achitenda kwaari, nyika yechiGiriki yakapararira kunzvimbo dzakawanda, uye vanhu vanogara mumigodhi yeMediterranean uye Black Seas vakawana simba rechiGiriki tsika.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekoloni?

Chimwe chezvikonzero chaiva dambudziko, iro rakazviratidza mukushaiwa kwevhu rakaorera, uye mukuderedza kwezvokudya, sezvo vanhu vaigara vachiwedzera. Kuwedzerwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kwakange kuripo nokuda kwetsika yaivepo panguva iyoyo: Nyika yakagara nhaka yakagoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pevanakomana. Kupatsanurana kuva maduku maduku muhuwandu hwevanhu vakaputika hunoita kuti vasazogonesa varidzi vavo. Nokudaro, nyika yaifanira kutengeswa kune vavakidzani kana kuhama dzavo dzakafuma.

Vanhu vakaedza kuwana nzira dzokugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Iko kutanga kwekuonekwa kwakaonekwa mukushandiswa kwakanyanya kwenyika dzezvemari nekuwedzera kwazvo nekuda kwematanda. Asi kuti kuwedzere zvibereko, zvaidiwa kuvandudza hutano hwezvigadzirwa, sezvo ivhu rakaoma harisi nyore kuita. Chechipiri kuwedzera kwekunze, kunogona kuva nerunyararo kana zvechisimba. Semuenzaniso, hondo dzisingagumi dzehondo dzakapararira apo Sparta naArgos vaida kubvisa nyika kubva kune vavakidzani vavo. Vapikisi vakanga vakaenzana nesimba, saka hakuna munhu akakunda. Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, vaGiriki vaifamba nerunyararo kuburikidza nekoloni.

Nhanho dzekoloni

Pakutanga, maiva nemisha madiki, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekutengeserana nguva dzose nevanhu vemo. Kazhinji vaive pazviwi zviduku pedyo negungwa. Izvi zvakashanda senzira yekuchengetedzwa kwevakagara vekutanga kubva kurwiswa kamwe kamwe kwevasiri, uye panguva imwechete vakavabvumidza kutengesa navo.

Nhamba huru yemakoloni echiGiriki akanga ari mumiromo yenzizi, iyo yakashanda sezvikepe zvepamusoro kana kuti inodzora marwadzo emakungwa.

Chikamu chakakosha chekoloni chakasvika apo mashoma makuru evanhu vakabva kune imwe nyika vakatanga kutarisa munharaunda yakakundwa kana vasiri vanhu vakadzokera murugare. Vazhinji vevoloni vakanga vasisiri vatengesi, asi varimi, vaifarira kuwandisa kukuru kwevhu rakaorera.

Vakawanda vevakasara vaiva varimi vakanga vasina nyika. Munhu mumwe nomumwe akagara akagamuchira imwe nzvimbo yevhu kuitira kuti ashandise, uyewo chirongwa chekuvakwa kweimba yacho. Vose vekugara nevana vavo ndivo vaiva nekodzero dzehurumende, uye vaivewo nezvimwe zvivako zvevhu uye dzimwe nyika yakaorera kupfuura avo vakasvika gare gare varongi.

VaGiriki vekune dzimwe nyika vakaita zveukama hwakasiyana-siyana uye hwakaoma nehuwandu hwevanhu vemunharaunda. Kakawanda vatori vekutanga, vachienda kune imwe nyika, vakavhiringidza ivo vagari vemo. Vaifanira kushandisa zvombo. Asi kwaive kunewo rugare rwakasangana umo vatorwa vaitora zvakanyanya kubatsirwa ivo pachavo vachibatana nevatengesi vechiGiriki, vachikwereta chikamu chechiGiriki tsika uye hupenyu.

Greece pamberi pekusarudza

Zvingangodaro, kare kare pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi8 BC, dambudziko revanhu uye zvemagariro muGreece rakasvika pakuguma kwayo, uye sangano rakasangana nesarudzo: kana Hondo yeHondo neHurumende yezvekugadziriswa kwenyika, kana kubviswa kwe "vanhu" vari kunze kwepolis. Kazhinji, mubvunzo wekuti chikamu chipi chevanhu vanobva kunyika yekwavo chaiva pamwe chete nekumanikidzwa uye kukwikwidzika kwepececine. Dare rakakundwa, rakakwira zvikepe ndokuenda kunotsvaka nzvimbo itsva dzekugadzirisa. Kazhinji hurumende yehurumende iyi yakashandura kuderera kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu uye kubviswa kwemhirizhonga kuburikidza nekugadzira makoloni.

Kurutivi rwokumaodzanyemba kweGungwa Dzvuku nekukanda

Umambo hweBosporan chii? Mune kuchamhembe kweGungwa Dzvuku, panharaunda yemazuva ano yeUkraine neRussia, vaGiriki vakavaka makoloni akawanda. Mumwe wavo - umambo hweBosporan - inyika ine simba, iyo yakanga ine nyika yakawanda yakaorera nehupfumi hwakawanda hwechingwa.

Munharaunda yeSevastopol unogona kuona matongo ezvivako zveguta rechiGiriki reChersonese, achifamba-famba mumigwagwa yekare yakafuridzirwa nevanochera matongo.

Guta reOlbia (Rinofara) rimwewo chiitiko chekare chechimiro cheGenesheni. Iri guta rakashanyira panguva yerwendo, vachitsvaga ruzivo pamusoro pevaSitiya, baba ve nhoroondo yaHerototus.