General zvechadenga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19 (pfupi)

XIX remakore chamuita kuti vakawanda Vanyori matarenda Russian uye vadetembi. mabasa avo nokukurumidza akaputsa kupinda tsika munyika uye vakatora akakodzera nzvimbo yake. The simba basa ravo rakanga nyaya nevanyori vakawanda pasi pose. General zvechadenga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19 rave nyaya imwe yoga kudzidza mumabhuku chikamu. Pasina mubvunzo, prerequisites chakadaro nokukurumidza tsika zviitiko ngaatore-kure somutariri dzezvematongerwo enyika upenyu.

nyaya

Maitiro zvikuru unyanzvi uye mabhuku kuumbwa munhau. Kana ari XVIII remakore upenyu paruzhinji mu Russia zvaiva akayera, rinotevera remakore vaisanganisira vicissitudes zvakawanda zvinokosha dzakachinja kwete chete pakuzadzisa kwenzanga uye zvematongerwo enyika, asiwo nokuumbwa nemiitiro itsva uye mirayiridzo mumabhuku.

Zvakajeka munhoroondo kwawakabva iyi nguva yakanga hondo pamwe Turkey, nechisimba mauto Napoleon raMwari, nokushorwa mutongo, wacho abolition pamusoro serfdom nezvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda. Vose zvinoratidzwa unyanzvi uye tsika. General zvechadenga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19 kuita pasina kudoma kusikwa manyorero dzemunharaunda matsva. The shasha ounyanzvi okuti akanga A. S. Pushkin. With basa rake uye anotanga zana kukuru.

mutauro chaiko

Mupiro chikuru Nyanduri huru Russian, aiva chisikwa chitsva wokufananidzira siyana, manyorero mano uye akasiyana, kare tsva runofarira. Pushkin Izvi zvaiita kunokwana nzwisisika kukura uye dzidzo yakanaka. Rimwe zuva akaisa kuti vabudirire ose vertices vari dzidzo. Zvino uchibata ake matatu nemanomwe. Atypical uye zvitsva kuti nguva yava magamba Pushkin. Mufananidzo Tatyana Larina anosanganisa runako, njere uye zvimwe mweya wokuRussia. Izvi mhando chaiko kwedu mabhuku analogues zvisina kare.

Pakupindura mubvunzo: "? Chii vakawanda hunhu Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19", Mumwe pamwe vanenge nezivo pamusoro philological, yeuka mazita akadai Pushkin, Chekhov, Dostoevsky. Asi muvambi "Evgeniya Onegina" akaita yechimurenga mabhuku Russian.

romanticism

Pfungwa iyi yakatanga panguva kumadokero Ages yakakura. Asi kune XIX remakore nayo awana kwerima guru idzva. Zvaibva Germany, romanticism rakapinda mumba mabasa evanyori Russian. In prose mirayiridzo iyi vanowanzotevedzera kutsvaka tiwane motifs uye zvavo ngano. Munhetembo kunogona kurondwa chido rokuchinja upenyu huve nani, uye Chanting National magamba. The kupikiswa kwebasa Decembrists uye unosuruvarisa dzavo vava yakaorera pasi kuti nhetembo.

General zvechadenga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19 kwakaratidzwa uchidanana manzwiro ari acho, izvo chaizvo chakajairika nhetembo pakati Pushkin nevamwe vadetembi ake renyeredzi.

Kana prose, paiva itsva siyana rondedzero, pakati riri tarenda Genre sezvikuru. Chinozikamwa mienzaniso uchidanana prose - mangwanani anoshanda Nikolaya Gogolya.

sentimentalism

With kukura ichi muitiro anotanga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19. General zvechadenga nekunzwisisa prose - munhu kunzwisisa uye Kumikidzo muverengi kuti maonero. In Russian mabhuku sentimentalism akapinda pakupera yacho XVIII remakore. Muvambi Russian tsika yacho iri Genre ichi chakava Karamzin. Muzana XIX remakore rakanga wandei vateveri.

The satirical prose

Panguva ino pane satirical uye journalistic mabasa. Izvi zviri kuitika zvinogona kurondwa zvikurukuru Gogol. Kutanga basa rake aine tsananguro imwe nyika duku, munyori akazotamira kunzvimbo-Russian zvose pasocial misoro. Zvakaoma kufungidzira nhasi, pasinei tenzi iyi satire kwakanga Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19. General unhu prose yake Genre ichi hakusi akaoma maonero upenzi uye parasitism landlords inongova. Satirist "akafamba" mune zvinenge zvose nzanga.

Nyanzvi pakati satirical prose akava yokufungidzira "Golovlevs", chakatsaurirwa nomusoro varombo zvomudzimu landlords zvenyika. Zvadaro, zvinobikwa Saltykov-Shchedrin, uyewo dzakawanda mamwe mabhuku satirist, akava kutanga pfungwa kuti chidzoke ose Socialist Realism.

musoro nganonyorwa

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore ndiko kukura musoro prose. Romantic zvinangwa vakatadza. Paiva kudiwa kuratidza nyika zvazvakaita chaizvo. Dostoevsky kwakaita prose - chinhu chinokosha zvakadaro chinhu sezvo Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19. General zvechadenga pfupi iri mazita zvinokosha zviri iyi uye prerequisites kuti chidzoke-siyana zvinoshamisa mumatenga. Panyaya sezvazviri prose pamusoro Dostoevsky, rinogona kuzivikanwa sezvinotevera: nyaya enganonyorwa ari munyori aiva maitiro kuti mafungiro nezvaiva mumakore iwayo munharaunda. Mufananidzo unoratidza mabasa ake prototypes vanhu aiziva, akatsvaka kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kudiwa nyaya munzanga Zvaaifamba.

In okutanga emakore munyika vakarumbidza Mikhail Kutuzov, ipapo uchidanana Decembrists. Izvi zvakajeka runoratidzwa Russian mabhuku kwezana remakore rechi19. General zvechadenga kuguma remakore, aenderane mashoko mashoma. kuongororazve iyi tsika. Yakatsviriridza kwete kutapwa rwose uye ayo nhengo. Nokudaro kuwanika prose mufananidzo "murume okushamisira".

zvavo detembo

Mumakore apo musoro yokufungidzira akatora kutungamirira zvepamusoro, nhetembo kuzoserera. General zvechadenga kukura Russian mabhuku remakore rechi19 runoita kuti kuronda kwenguva nzira kubva uchinakidzwa nhetembo kuti yokufungidzira chokwadi. In iri muchadenga pave basa rake shasha Nekrasov. Asi basa rake haringanzi kunzi mumwe vaitungamirira Genres yacho akati kumwedzi. Munyori vakabatana ake nhetembo dzakawanda Genres: ari murimi mudiki, umhare, echimurenga.

End remakore

Pakuvira kwezuva racho XIX remakore rimwe yainyanya iverengwe vanyori akava Chekhov. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pakutanga rokusika nzira munyori nevatsoropodzi mhosva yokuva inotonhorera ano evanhu madingindira, mabasa ake makagamuchira chisingarambiki chekuti munzanga pamutemo. Kuramba kukudziridza mufananidzo "murume muduku", akasika zvimwe Pushkin, Chekhov akadzidza mweya Russian. Siyana kwouzivi enyika pfungwa kuti yakagadzirwa mukupera XIX remakore, kwete asingagoni kukanganisa hwevanhu.

In mabhuku akazokokwa dzaitongwa echimurenga mwoyo pamusoro XIX remakore. Pakati Vanyori vane basa raiva kwezana remakore, chimwe zvikuru hunhu akanga Bamba Gorky.

General zvechadenga Russian mabhuku dzenhoroondo remakore rechi19 kodzero yokunyanyofungwa. Zvose zvinozivikanwa mumiririri iyi wakasika nyika yake zvinoyevedza, magamba avo akarota ari zvisingabviri, vachirwa evanhu zvakaipa, kana ruzivo diki nenjodzi. Uye chikuru basa hachishandi ndiko kuratidza zviri remakore, mupfumi munzanga uye enyika zviitiko.