Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg: tsananguro, muchidimbu, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Muna 1723, kubudikidza nomurayiro Peter I pedyo St. Petersburg, musi Kotlin Island, nhare dzateyiwa. Her chirongwa kwakasimbiswa rechiuto injiniya AP Hannibal (France). Zvakanga aronga kuti chivako zvichaita kwakafanana bastions akawanda vakabatanidzwa ibwe panharirire.

guta Kronstadt

guta rino kunozivikanwa iri pachitsuwa Kotlin uye akapoteredza zvitsuwa zviduku pamusoro Gulf Finland. Ndiyo chete Municipality of Kronstadt kudunhu St. Petersburg. yevanhu veguta riri vagari vanopfuura makumi mana nezvitatu namazana.

Kwenguva refu (kusvika 1995) guta yakavharwa. Muna 1996, hurumende yacho, kwakasarudzwa pamusoro akasununguka kupinda pano vagari Russian uyewo Vashanyi dzavatorwa. Zviya, vashanyi vanoda kuzoshanyira nzvimbo ino. Zvechokwadi, guta duku iri rine zvinokwezva zvakawanda - machechi uye machechi, mamiziyamu uye zvivezwa, zvivako kune vanhu vakakurumbira.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti guta temberi - haisi chete nzvimbo yokunamatira, ndivo anochengetedza chaizvo zvinoera chokuita nhoroondo Russian rengarava. vashanyi vakawanda nokukwezvwa mamiziyamu veguta. Vanoramba pachako ungira kare mazuva. Chimwe chezvinhu yakakurumbira vavo munyika yedu - ". Krondshtadskaya nhare" Museum Pairi tichazvidudzira zvakawanda nhasi.

Kronstadt nhare nhoroondo

Mumatsutso 1724 Admiral P. I. Sivers akatungamirira basa iri kuvakwa wakakombwa. Kumadokero chikamu bastions nhanhatu dzakanga ainzi mukukudza chitarisiko, Butyrskaya, Semenov, Ingrian, Marine uye Lefortovo regiments dzakavakwa. Ivhu pamusoro embankments, dzakanga basa rokuvaka iri huru zvikaramba manually. Taitakura pamusoro zvitsigiro pamwero rusvingo basa. parusvingo, akaisa pfuti yakavakwa, neshongwe akavaka yemauto, etc. In rokumabvazuva chikamu nhare akanga akaronga kuti tote bastions maviri, uye kuchamhembe - .. mana.

Under Peter I, zano iri haina chinozoiswa, uye Peter II akapa nhare nyore. Muna 1732, rimwe simba dutu akaparadza nokusimbaradza kumadokero chikamu. Dzosai tagovera chaikosha zvivako aiva nemakore. basa Construction kuchamhembe chikamu nhare yakapera muna 1734 mü. Kronstadt nhare tichingogara kurwisana akagadzirira nokuda kugara kutyisidzirwa ne yeSweden. Hondo France muna 1805 uye 1806 kweTurkey akanongedza kudiwa kusimbisa masvingo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti Kronstadt nhare aigona kukurira pachena womoto.

Pashure kukunda French muna 1812, akatanga upenyu norugare. Zvisinei, anoramba achiedza okunze akaita kuti nguva dzose dzifambirane womuti masvingo kuti yaichengetedza yavarwi. Kronstadt muna 1824 akanga pasi inoparadza mafashamo. Zvakaguma zvakakomba kuvadza pfuti kurwa zvakaparadzwa masvingo, akasuka zvimwe zvivako.

Kronstadt nhare rikaporeswa makore anopfuura matanhatu. Rakavakwazve fenzi zvachose. Two matumba vakakoshesa ibwe polubashnyami akazviratidza kumadokero chikamu. Three mamwe polubashni (kuroora-Danho) vakanga chakavakwa kurutivi rwokumusoro. Heano ina kuzvidzivirira yemauto vakanga vakapakata. Kurutivi rwamabvazuva yakavakwa anoyevedza nhare norusvingo uye undotenga runodzivirira. At pakutanga XIX remakore ravarwi kwaisanganisira zvinopfuura zviuru gumi mauto, uye akanga yakawedzera kuti zvigaro zviuru makumi matatu pashure pedutu mabharaki Fund.

Castle nhasi

Mumakore zvikuru zvinotyisa hondo munhoroondo yevanhu Kronstadt akatora pakutanga kwayo mumwe mugwagwa dzaibatanidza rakakombwa Leningrad pamwe nyika. Nhasi, dzasara nhare iyoyo chakanyatsorongwa vakachengetedzwa. Today Kronstadt nhare masvingo munzvimbo dzavo nautical chikoro of Navy (kuzvidzivirira yemauto), kuti Marine kadheti Corps. Vamwe yemauto vari rakamiswa Navy basa. Unodzivirira Dam, bhatiri No. 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 kuzvidzivirira yemauto vane nhoroondo uye mapurani Zvivako kuti vanodzivirirwa neHurumende.

Sezvo miziyamu vanobva?

Pakutanga October 1953 kwamagwaro hwakatsaurirwa nhoroondo kunozivikanwa guta yakavhurwa pahwaro nautical Club. Kubvira paucheche Museum. Pakutanga 1973 yakava bazi Central Maritime Museum muguta. Part dzokuteerera ake pashure moto muGungwa Club rave kwekanguva kutamiswa pakuvaka Naval Cathedral. Zvinofanira akati kuti pashoo mwoyo zvikuru vagari uye vaenzi. Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" (St. Petersburg) akazarura mikova ayo kuruzhinji muna May 1980, musi avaida Kukunda Day. Nhasi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye akashanyira zvikuru zvinokwezva.

St. Petersburg. Museum "Kronstadt nhare": tsananguro

Chekutanga zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ichi rakasiyana miziyamu akasikwa ane kutora mukana pakati zvemo vagere muguta. Vakaratidza zvinoshamisa kufarira kuramba uye huchipfuurira. nhoroondo Kronstadt. Local mari yekare zvemumba, munhoroondo zvinyorwa, mifananidzo, akaramba ari zvakachengetedzwa mhuri sezvo zvinoera zvinodhura.

Nhasi, ari Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg ane dzakasiyana muunganidzwa mari, vanopfuura zviuru zvinomwe Exhibits. Inoitwa mudzimba nomwe ane zvachose nzvimbo anenge mazana matanhatu akaenzana metres, iyo ine Exhibits anoratidza nhoroondo guta uye kuBaltic Fleet. Uyezve, pane dioramas maviri, izvo zvakarurama kwazvo Kuenzanisira maviri zviitiko inokosha muchiuto.

Dioramas

Mumwe wavo anotaura kukundwa of Swedish mauto 1705 pachitsuwa Kotlin. Pakati unogona kuona regimental vatungamiri uto Russian: Gamontova uye Mikeshina uye Colonel Tolbukhina. Kurudyi riri mugero, uye riri afa masoja neropa. Necheseri inoonekwa dzvuku mureza, izvo kunoratidza kutanga ruvengo. The diorama yechipiri inotaura zvakaitika 1941, apo Kronstadt heroically akadzivirira kubva nechisimba.

ekisiposha

The yose muunganidzwa pamusoro miziyamu inogona rakakamurwa nhoroondo ina nzendo. Mumwe wavo inotiudza kuvambwa guta uye ivepo pamberi October Revolution. Chikamu chechipiri rinotaura pamusoro zviitiko chokuita nguva kubva 1917 kusvika 1939. Panguva ino paiva nomumwe guru kumukira munhoroondo Russia, kwakaitika pasi sirogani "Simba neSoviet, kwete mapati." Somugumisiro, chirango asingatenderi chete vapanduki asiwo anenge vose vagere muguta. Zvuru zviviri vanhu vakapfurwa. Nhanhatu zvakawanda ezviuru vagari vave kugara mujeri. Muna 1922, vagari vakatanga nechisimba adzingwa zvavo yechizvarigo. In ndangariro dzose vakaurayiwa tsaona ichi akasika vakawanda guva, inova nguva dzose nokusingaperi murazvo unopfuta.

Visitors anogona kuongorora zvinotevera nhoroondo nguva, kufukidza zvichida kupfuura nguva munhoroondo yemazuva ano nyika yedu - Mukuru Patriotic War. Munguva kutokonora Germany Air Force Luftwaffe (1941), guta rakapotsa rakaparadzwa pasi. Vakanga yakanyura zvikepe zvizhinji, wakabhombwa dzimba, kuparadzwa Marine Yard. Zvakapoteredzwa Nazi mauto guta akararama pasina chikafu. Kuburikidza Kronstadt munguva yehondo akatora "nzira Small youpenyu", iro akabatanidza pamwe gava mhino uye Orienbaumom.

Chimwe wenhoroondo Danho kunoratidza dzinoitwa upenyu kunozivikanwa guta, uyewo nyaya kupora kwake pashure pehondo. Pazvinhu zvinokosha zvidimbu ari miziyamu zvinofanira kucherechedzwa vachifora bhokisi Decembrist uye munyori Di Zavalishin, chaenga pakati mugero kuti akachengetedzwa kubva XIX remakore, teresikopu raiva Admiral M. P. Lazarevu, yakasiyana pikicha album wengarava chengarava Kronstadt.

Nhasi, ari miziyamu ane inonakidza pashoo "History of yokuputsikirwa nengarava." Pano unogona kuwana zvinhu kuti makamutswa pamwe yokuputsikirwa nengarava panguva dzakasiyana-siyana vari Gulf.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Pakati nhare dzose Kronstadt yangu-atirari woiisa yakavakwa muna 1854 (chete panguva munyika). Vomunguva akayeuka kuti avo kuvapo, iye ndifare kure zvikepe muvengi. Nhare muna 1990 vanobatanidzwa St. Petersburg World Heritage Site. On muganhu Fort Alexander I uye Constantine muna nineties ndakatanga Mutambo "Fort Dance" urwo rwakatora 9 makore.

Sei kuti miziyamu?

, Zviri kana ukasarudza kushanyira miziyamu "Kronstadt nhare" zvakakodzera kuziva kero: nzvimbo Anchor, imba nhamba 2. Pano muSt Petersburg (ari "Old Village" Metro chiteshi) achakutora kuti zvinokwezva bhazi nhamba 101. Kubva "Black River", unogona kushandisa tekisi nhamba 405, asi kubva "tariro Kujekerwa" iwe dovezot zvifambiso pasi nhamba 407. muzhizha miziyamu ingasvikwa nechitima achibva kuBaltic Railway yemapurisa. Unofanira kupinda "oranienbaumin" chiteshi, ozokwira chikepe kana meteor, iyo anoendazve kubva Makarov Embankment.