Chii umbozha? zvichireva

Zvinenge nhoroondo yose zvakaitika vanhu vakawanda vanoda kurarama muumbozha. Izvi kuchiva pfungwa, apo Zvino mumutauro wokuRussia uye kushandurirwa mumwe kufanana? Ngatizive nezvazvo.

Zvinoreva "muumbozha" iri Dictionary

Anenge zvose maduramazwi Russian vaitirei pazita rinoshandiswa kureva upenyu upfumi. At pane zita kwete chete upfumi, asi imi mune zvose zvakanakira zvisingaverengeki, kunyange kupfuura yakawandirwa uye akaoma zvinodiwa.

Sezvineiwo, zviri akakura basa Ozhegova, lexical zvinoreva hwomutambarakede kuri zvichishandurwa zvakawanda zvakaipa kupfuura kuti yaEfuremu, uye Dalia. Saka, Sergei anotsanangura munhu pazita somunhu zvakawandisa zvinhu uye mafaro.

Dmitriy Nikolaevich Ushakov muna duramazwi wake, kuwedzera ose pamusoro tsika, okutanga chete zanhi uyewo kushandisa shoko rokuti "muumbozha" ave rechiito (pasinei chinhu pazita). Zvinoita kuti munhu tsika yakadaro kusimbiswa vanyori, humorists Ilf uye Petrov. Saka avo yechipiri itsva pamusoro adventures ari akanaka uye akachenjera fraudster Kuda Bender ( "The Golden Mhuru"), pane mashoko okuti "motokari - kwete hwomutambarakede asi nzira kufamba", iro nhasi yagara kwenguva refu rwendo. Kana tikafunga kuti yokufungidzira rakabuda muna 1931, uye mana zvemaBhaibheri "rinotsanangura Dictionary mutauro Russian" Ushakov dzakabudiswa munguva 1935-1940. - zvinoitika, asi nyanzvi huru nyore hwakanyorwa newfangled zvinoitwa kushandisa rokuti "muumbozha" sechinhu Predicate, rwakazokura akakurumbira pashure racho yokufungidzira.

Interesting chokwadi. Mumutauro Chirungu mune olden mazuva shoko "muumbozha» (umbozha) yaishandiswawo kureva pfungwa dzakadai se "ezvakaipa" uye "zvakaipa" Kunyange zvazvo maduramazwi Russian hakuiti kugadzira dudziro iyi, yakafanana ukama rokuti anogona kuwanikwa Classics zhinji Russian.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti wayo neShanduro mune mimwe mitauro necheSalvic

Zvatakurukura zvinoreva shoko "muumbozha", zvinokosha kucherechedza ayo mavambo. Kubva chii ichi pazita izwi rakaumbwa, haisi kuzivikanwa kuti nyanzvi dzemitauro. Muchiitiko chino, vane chokwadi chokuti dzidziso iyi inobva mutauro Proto-necheSalvic.

Izvi runoratidzwa ndechokuti mune mimwe mitauro necheSalvic vakawanda varipo mune mazita anenge zvakafanana. Saka kure kwete vose, vane zvakafanana tsika.

Saka muna yechiUkraine ( "rozkіsh") uye Belarus ( "raskosha") ndiwo mashoko akafanana kuti anoreva zvakafanana muna Russian. Asi vamwe - kwete nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, vokuPoland pazita roskosz rakashandurwa se "farira" uye mutengo "muumbozha" shoko rine luksusowy izwi. Pamwe Slovak uye Czech rozkoš rakashandurwa se "mafaro". In Bulgarian dzimwe nguva aishandiswa epakutanga shoko rokuti "razkosh", asi kazhinji rinoshandiswa pachinzvimbo shoko "Lux".

How kushandura pfungwa iri kukurukurwa muna Chirungu, Spanish, wokuItaly, German uye French

Kudzidza kuti rwokuramba kwete chete Russian, asiwo vamwe mitauro necheSalvic, zvinokosha kuziva chii izwi rakashandiswa pfungwa iyi nemamwe marudzi.

Saka "tateguru" oruzhinji mitauro ano (Latin) munguva dzekare paiva pazita luxuria. Raishandiswa kureva pfungwa ye "rukuru" uye "fluffiness". Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pahwaro kweshoko vakasimuka luxus, yaishandiswa, uye kana vaida kutsanangura kuti muumbozha.

Pashure pokuwa hweRoma, ruzhinji mitauro yokuEurope "kwereta" Latin zita. Zvisinei, Chirungu vaiva mashoko muumbozha luxe mu French - Le luxe, German - luxus, Italian - lusso, uye Spanish - lujo.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mitauro yakawanda necheSalvic uye akashandisa Latin rokuti, waiva kurarama mu kufanana zvakasiyana izvi shoko "muumbozha".

anoreva zvakafanana

Kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo: "Chii umbozha", zvinokosha kuziva kuti unogona kunhonga anoreva zvakafanana nenyaya pazita.

Mashoko dzakakurumbira analogues - ndiye "chic", "kubwinya" uye "fluffiness". Mune dzimwe ndima, anoshandisawo izwi "rukuru", "upfumi", "umbozha", shoma "pfachura."

zvakapesana

Kusiyana anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms nenyaya pazita vangadzidza shoma zvikuru. Kazhinji, vari chokuita urombo uye kushayiwa.

Zvazvakadaro, unogona kushandisa shoko "urombo", "nenhamo", "urombo" uye Chokwadi "urombo". Dzimwe nguva unogona kushandisa "austerity" rokuti.

How kurapa muumbozha dzakasiyana nguva munhoroondo

Kudzidza kuti ari hwomutambarakede, zvinofadza kuongorora sei vanhu akataura chiitiko ichi muna siyana emakore munguva yedu.

vazivi Most uye evanhu kuonesesa pfungwa iyi sezvo zvinokuvadza wacho. Vaidavira kuti kana munhu anokwanisa kugutsa zvachose vachida zvavo zvose, anorasikirwa vachawanei kutanga. Pano anotanga tsika uye ipapo chaiko kudzikisirana.

dzichichinja panhau iyi yakasiyana nguva nhoroondo chokuita muumbozha. Inogona kuenzaniswa nomukadzi benzi iri kudya. It ichikutadzisa pacharo kumativi, kuramba zvinokuvadza kwete chete, asiwo kubatsira chikafu kuitira kuderedza uremu. Asi iye nguva inotanga uye akadya pasina nechiyero zvose, kukuvadza kwete yake nhamba asiwo utano.

Munguva mhedziso gospodstvovaniya kwechiKristu Europe, achidana vanhu kutarisira zvemweya, vachifuratira pamuviri zvinodiwa. Panyaya iyi, rwokuramba ainzi anenge munyanye runotyisa zvivi (saka yechinyakare Chirungu zvinoreva "ezvakaipa").

Somuenzaniso, vachirwa eChechi Florence, anozivikanwa rechitendero muvandudzi Girolamo Savonarola vakapisa zvose zvinhu vakanga chokuita noupfumi. Ake kunyanyisa kushingaira uye kwete Biblical chehunyaunyau kwakatungamirira kuti zvakaparadzwa kwete bedzi mabhuku akawanda anonakidza uye zviridzwa, asiwo utsanana.

Pane dzimwe nguva kunoonekwa sokusingakoshi zvakanakira nzanga. Saka, zvaifungwa kuti anobvumira vepamusoro kuti tinakidzwe noupenyu zvizere, apo kufambisa mashoko chidzoke mabasa matsva varombo.

Munyika yanhasi, kudzingirirana hwomutambarakede haisi akasimba remakore rapfuura. Asi, idzva "chifananidzo" ndiko kubudirira. Nemamwe mashoko, kuti nhengo vepamusoro, hapana kuva fabulously vapfumi, tinofanirawo kubudirira mune zvimwe munda. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chinzvimbo ichi chinokurudzira vanhu vakapfuma kukura uye kuita chinhu pane uumburuke simbe hwokusanyara, sezvo yaiva tsika muzana remakore rapfuura.