Chii mudenga. Kubva chii magasi unotora mhepo

pasi redu runochengetedzwa zvinoshamisa goko - mhepo. Rinovatadzisa rimwe donhwe yepasi pose miviri uye nyika ndiyo imwe huru ezvinhu muupenyu hwevanhu. Chii mudenga, uye nei zvichikosha kuti mhuka uye zvinomera kuripo Panyika? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi nemimwe mibvunzo inogona kuwanikwa munyaya ino.

Chii mamiriro ndiyo mhepo?

Air goko Earth ine akaturikidzana akawanda, izvo zvine nevamwe zvinhu.

• The troposphere. Ndiwo kupfuura gobvu uye yakaderera rukoko zvomumhepo. In iri kusimbiswa kuti 80% mhepo. ukobvu Its dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nzvimbo: pedyo neequator Yakakura kupfuura pamusoro namatanda. Zviri pano kuti okunze, bvungapfunga uye makore aumba. The kunonyanyisa ukobvu pamusoro troposphere ndiyo 17 makiromita.
• Stratosphere. In rukoko ichi, chiri panzvimbo kukwira pamusoro 50 km, zvakashandurwa ichokwadi, pane troposphere, tembiricha kuchinja nokukwirira - unomutswa. Pano, kuti ozone rukoko uye rine risingamboshandisi yakawanda mvura mamorekuru. Muna stratosphere ozone rukoko achiumbwa pagungano kukwira 20 makiromita.
• The mesosphere. Pano, unoumba makore, ayo akaumbwa echando crystals, uye kuderera mhepo arambe achirema. Mesosphere riri chinhambwe 80-85 makiromita pamusoro pasi uye ane tembiricha kuti kubvisa madhigirii 90 Celsius.
• Thermosphere. Pano, somugumisiro kudhumhana mhepo nezvimedu pamwe nzvimbo ikoko chaiyo sokupenya, inonzi "Aurora". rukoko uyu ane kunonyanyisa tembiricha mumhepo - plus 1500 Celsius.
• Exosphere. Runosvika ane kukwira pamusoro 20,000 makiromita uye ane zita rechipiri "Korona Pasi" nemhaka diffuse chimiro nemiganhu yayo.

Kubva chii zvinhu zviri mudenga?

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviri kuitika nyika yakaumbwa kare. Asi panguva vechidiki hwepasi yedu, hwakanga kazhinji kubva kuputika tsvina. Chete kupararira miti yaro yava mhepo wokutanga vafumiswa pamwe okisijeni, zvichiita yakakodzera vanhu kufema. Vakawanda mapuraneti ari Solar System vane atmospheres. Asi murwiyo kuti zvakakodzera kwevanhu uye mhuka upenyu ndeyedu chete. Pari chikuru mugove zvomumhepo mhepo vanoumba gasi huru mbiri: senitrogen uye oxygen. The chikamu muzana zviri izvi zvinhu zviri sezvinotevera: 78:21. Awana iyo gasi zvinosanganisira mhepo, uye zvakafanira kutaridzwa Zvinoumba rimwe muzana, zvakasara pashure Tikabvisa uwandu dzinokosha magasi 100%. Mumhepo, pamwechete senitrogen uye okisijeni, rine kabhoni, rehydrogen, inert magasi, mvura nemhute nezvimwe netsvina. Okisijeni ndeimwe chikuru ezvinhu oupenyu vanhu nemhuka, asi kabhoni zvaanofanira miti.

Ko mhepo, mvura?

Pamwe chete magasi ari mumhepo uye ane mvura mhute, izvo, zvichienderana nourefu uve muchimiro crystals. Zviri pafuma mumhepo pasi zvimwe ezvinhu inotungamirira paumbwe bvungapfunga uye mumakore. Yaipedzerwa mumhepo mvura redu iri 14,000 cubic makiromita. Sezvineiwo, kurema mhepo kunoenderana uwandu mvura mhute ririmo. The zvakawanda, nani mhepo, sezvo mhepo kunorema kupfuura.

Zvii utachiona vangava mumhepo mumaguta makuru?

Noxious magasi mumhepo panguva combustion kuti marasha, peturu, makemikari uye mapurasitiki. Somugumisiro kupararira mugwagwa, njanji nezvimwe modes pakufamba, uyewo zvinoitwa maindasitiri emakambani mhepo iri zvakasvibiswa dzimwe nyaya. Chii chiri mumhepo muguta guru? Kwete chete kubva zvinhu zvakadai sekabhoni, okisijeni uye senitrogen, asiwo carbon monoxide, methane, uye nesarufa dioxide, izvo chinoita kusingarapiki kwazvinoita pasi biosphere.

Somuenzaniso, kana mhepo ichange iine anopfuura 3% carbon dioxide, zvinogona kukonzera rufu rwomuviri mupenyu, sezvo iri kuitika pakati 0,03%. A yakawanda utsi, magasi uye chin'ai yaiva nokusvibiswa mhepo, inonzi "smog". Iye chinovafukidza zhinji munzvimbo maindasitiri uye namaguta makuru munyika.

Sei kuumba asidhi mvura?

Paumbwe deposits izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nokuziva nemamiriro anoumba chadenga. Ndezvipi mamorekuru ndiyo mhepo? Zviri gasi uye hwemvura nezvakasanganiswa. Rine morekuru remvura uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pandakasunungurwa kuti mhepo netsvina maatomu yenhengo aya pamwe mvura, mudzoke kuti asidhi uye pasi. mvura kwakadaro kukuvadza kwazvo zvinomera, mhuka uye vanhu, uye tiri chaiyo zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza njodzi.

Chii ozone uye kupi?

It anogadzirwa stratosphere, chinhambwe 20 makiromita kubva Earth. The ozone rukoko inodzivirira biosphere yedu pashamwari ultraviolet nemwaranzi. Zvinoitawo neutralizes zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza uye utachiona. Chii chiri mumhepo iri ozone rukoko? Rine kushingaira okisijeni iri zvinoberekwa nemagetsi discharges kana chiedza chezuva samolecular. Contact pamwe zviri kuitika methane, kuiisa chlorine, bromine uye senitrogen oxide iri mumhepo kutonhodza uye Refrigeration zviyero, zvinotungamirira kuparadzwa layer uri mumwe yose zvezvakatipoteredza matambudziko budiriro.

Chii mudenga?

The Zvinoumba mhepo anopiwa munyaya unhu chete yepazasi rukoko zvomumhepo, iyo inonzi "troposphere." The kure panyika, yakawanda kuchinja parinenge. Chii Zvinoumba mhepo yokumusoro mhepo? Kuchinja kutanga zvaitika ari ozone rukoko - kushingaira okisijeni anooneka. Next, kure 1 000? Km pamusoro penyika anotanga predominance mabhomba hydrogen nehelium. Sezvo kukwirira dzinosiyana uye kumanikidzwa - iri akatura, sezvo mhepo hunowedzera rarefied.

Kuti kusvibisa mhepo?

The kuipa zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu munharaunda, kunokonzera zvinhu vatorwa huri mumhepo, zvikuru nengozi zvinoitirwa upenyu hwevanhu uye mhuka. With kukura yebudiriro, inokanganisa mumhepo hamvuropu Nyika kwakawedzera zvikuru. Industrial zvinomera, mugwagwa uye njanji chokufambisa, itsva chisikwa hwomutambarakede (mhepo kutonhodza, kutonhora midziyo, etc ..) kusvibisa dzakapoteredza nzvimbo, zvinoita kuti vasanyanye ari ozone layer smog nemvura inonaya iine acid.

Nhasi, munyika yose zvatinofarira anopiwa kuti zvakatipoteredza zvemichina ushamwari uye chokufambisa, asi zvino kuchinja kuti kugadzirwa zvakadai zvaizoda imwe nguva yakawanda uye zvinhu mari, uye inogara kwenguva refu.

mhedziso

More 30 apfuura, takashamiswa pavanonzwa kuti munyika dzokuMadokero tengesa nyore yomumabhodhoro mvura. Nhasi, mumwe mugari muguta guru, zvakawanda kana zvishoma kutarisira utano hwako, uye kunwa chii runoyerera kubva pombi kwedu nemafurati. Purchase mvura upedze nyota yavo uye kubika kwazova vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.

Mumaguta makuru mu China akatanga kutengesa mhepo yakachena magaba. Uye zvisati kwakadaro zvinhu vakarondedzerwa chete renyaya nyaya. Kuti kubva iyo mhepo nhasi novimba ose wepanyika. Munhu anogona kuita zvakawanda kuti zvakatipoteredza nokuita mitemo nyore ose zuva: havashambi motokari dzinongoitika zvitunha mvura, munguva kudzima moto, kusvuta, tangai kupisa marara uye kunosiya munzvimbo zvikuru akasarudzwa, etc. Nokuti isu zvakakosha chaizvo kuziva kuti mhepo. vachava kufema munyika zvizvarwa zvedu! Uye achaita kufema ...