Carbon monoxide

Somugumisiro kukwana combustion kuti kabhoni kana zvigadzirwa ane nayo, anoumba carbon monoxide (CO) kana carbon monoxide. Other mazita ichi fuma chepfu isina ruvara kana kunhuhwidza (izvozvo kunokonzerwa kwete carbon monoxide, makemikari zvinhu uye netsvina), - kabhoni oxide (II) kana carbon monoxide. arambe achirema zvaro 0 ° C akaenzana 0,00125 g / cm³. Pamusangano tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa 192 ° C inopfuura kubva gaseous kune mvura mamiriro, uye panguva kubvisa 205 ° C - hwakasimba. Autoignition tembiricha kuwedzerazve 609 ° C. Oxide iri zvishoma soluble mumvura (0.0026 d muna 100 ml), asi soluble mu chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, panyaya iyi, Ammonium hydroxide, benzene. It ane matadza guru 28,0101 g / mol.

Uyezve monoxide vari aizivikanwawo nemamwe kabhoni oxides. Vakawanda izvi carbon dioxide inobvisa kana kabhoni yakasviba (CO2), izvo zvinoberekwa kwakakwana combustion kuti kabhoni (vakasununguka uye vakasungwa). Zviri Hauoneki gasi ine zvishoma yakashapa kuravira, asi vasina kunhuhwirira. Zviri zvikuru soluble nemvura, nokudaro pokubatana acidic kabhoni hydroxide CO (OH) 2 kana carbonic asidhi H2CO3. Carbon suboxide (C3O2) ndiyo ine uturu gasi pasina ruvara, asi unopinza cheYangon zvakanaka. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, zviri nyore kuti polymerize, pakupedzisira kubereka zvigadzirwa kuti havasi soluble mumvura uye akasvibiswa mu tsvuku, yellow kana pepuru. Panewo dzimwe kabhoni oxides zviri zvishoma yaizivikanwa uye vane Linear kana cyclic marongerwo. Zvokuimba dzino dzinosiyana C2O2 kuna C32O8. Mukuwedzera pane polymeric fuma, akadai graphite oxide kwayo, morekuru rinoumbwa C uye O okunze uye uwandu maatomu vose vanogona siyana.

Carbon monoxide yaunganidzwa haasaruri oxidation kuti kabhoni (a shoestring) kuti kabhoni yakachena gasi. Somuenzaniso, munguva kushanda mevira kana womukati injini imwe akanyudzwa nzvimbo. In pamberi okisijeni, carbon monoxide unopfuta yebhuruu murazvo kuti aumbe carbon dioxide inobvisa: 2co + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (kana marasha) gasi, iro zvikuru kushandiswa 60s remakore yatangira nokuda indoor chiedza, kubika uye kudziyisa, zvaisanganisira yayo sezvamunoita kusvika 10% carbon monoxide. Sezvo combustion pamusoro CO, yakawanda kupisa, gasi kwakadaro inokosha zvinoriumba mafuta. Vamwe pezvakaitwa mu michina ano (semuenzaniso, nguruve simbi) richiri pamwe paumbwe imwe kwakadaro-chigadzirwa, akadai carbon monoxide. Munyika guru rine carbon monoxide rwokuzvarwa mavambo vari photochemical siyana kuitika troposphere uye generating vanenge 5 • 1012 makirogiramu pagore. Other dzinongoitika manyuko carbon monoxide vari anoputika, dondo moto, uye nemamwe maitiro combustion.

Kubva makemikari nemaonero, zviri dzinoratidzwa carbon monoxide kwomuviri uye tsika Kunze zvavaifunga. Asi pfungwa idzi mbiri zvinoratidzwa chete panguva yakakwirira tembiricha panguva iyo carbon monoxide inogona nechokuita dzimwe simbi, kuiisa chlorine, okisijeni nesarufa. The simbi rinoshandiswa inokwana nefuma kuburikidza muchidziisa kuwanazve nesimbi yakawanda oxides. In zvakaitwa kuiisa chlorine wakadenha phosgene gasi: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. Zvinonzi chepfu, inoshandiswa makemikari kwetunhu, inogona zvishoma nezvishoma yaora nemvura maererano maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Carbon monoxide chinogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga panguva yakakwirira tembiricha uye kuitiswa dzimwe simbi kuti kuumba carbonyls simbi kuti vari kunzwisisa yeimwe: Ni (CO) 4, Mo (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 uye nevamwe. Carbon monoxide (II) inogona vakaita pamwe amoniya pamusoro tiwedzere (thoria ThO2) pa 500 ° C nokuumbwa rehydrogen cyanide: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Carbon monoxide chepfu vanhu nemhuka. Chepfu ehupfumi kuti carbon monoxide nokuda kukwanisa rayo sei irreversibly pamwe Chizenga muropa, nokudaro kurasikirwa kugona kutakura okisijeni kuti masero uye nyama dzomuviri. Kureva, anouya hypoxia hematic mhando. Zvikasadaro, inonzi (nokuda hwakaderera okisijeni vanokwanisa ropa) ropa. Uyewo kabhoni oxide (II) paChikoro zvakaitwa, kukanganisa nyama dzomuviri nokukanganisika nomwero. Easy chepfu achiperekedzwa nemusoro, kugogodza temberi, dzungu, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, uye yakaoma chikosoro, mvura maziso, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, rinoonekwa uye auditory zvisipo, Hwakatsvuka ganda uye mucous membranes, tachycardia, kuwedzera kumanikidza. In mwero Hope uye anogadza (apo kuramba kuziva) motokari dzomuviri. Zvakakomba chepfu kunoratidzwa zviratidzo zvakadai dilated vadzidzi, kurasikirwa pfungwa, kugwinha, pakoma, kufema kukundikana, involuntary okuyerera mutsvina yadzo uye weti, rinokwanisa kucheneruka ganda uye mucous membranes. Rufu kunoitika nokuda mwoyo nokukundikana uye kufema.