Sarufa dioxide. Yemaitiro, kuwana, zvemakemikari ehupfumi

Oxide sarufa (sarufa dioxide, sarufa dioxide, sarufa yakasviba) - iri Hauoneki gasi ane kazhinji unopinza unhu kunhuwa (kwakanaka zvakafanana kuti zvakavhenekerwa machisi). Liquefied pasi kumanikidzwa pa nzvimbo tembiricha. Sarufa dioxide soluble nemvura, nokudaro achiumba kusagadzikana sulfuric acid. Uyewo, fuma iri zvazvichanyungudutswa sulfuric asidhi uye panyaya iyi. Uyu ndiwo mumwe chikuru zvinoumba ari Zvinoumba kuputika gasi.

Sezvo akagadzirira sarufa yakasviba

Preparation SO2 - sarufa yakasviba - maindasitiri nzira kunoratidzwa rinopfuta nesafuri kana roasting kuti sulfides (pyrite dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa).

4FeS2 (pyrite) + 11O2 = 2Fe2O3 (simbi oxide) + 8SO2 (sarufa yakasviba).

Murabhoritari mamiriro, nesarufa dioxide inogona kuwanika kuburikidza kuitwa simba acids hydrosulfites uye sulfites. Saka zvichiguma sulfurous asidhi pakarepo uchiora kuti mvura nesarufa dioxide. Somuenzaniso:

Na2SO3 (sodium sulfite) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = Na2SO4 (sodium sulphate) + H2SO3 (sulfurous acid).
H2SO3 (sulfurous acid) = H2O (mvura) + SO2 (sarufa yakasviba).

The nzira kubudisa sarufa yakasviba yechitatu pachena kuti pfungwa yokushanda sulfuric asidhi kupfurikidza muchidziisa on sekwaserera simbi. Somuenzaniso: cú (mhangura) + 2H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = CuSO4 (mhangura sulfate) + SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + 2H2O (mvura).

Chemical ehupfumi rwesarufa yakasviba

The yemaitiro rwesarufa yakasviba - SO3. Izvi zvinhu chokuita acidic oxides.

1. sarufa yakasviba urwa mumvura, nokudaro zvichiumba sulphurous acid. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, ichi kuita reversible.

SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + H2O (mvura) = H2SO3 (sulfurous acid).

2. alkalis sarufa yakasviba Anoumba sulfite. Somuenzaniso: 2NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) + SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) = Na2SO3 (sodium sulfite) + H2O (mvura).

3. Chemical sarufa gasi basa iri zvakakwana kumusoro. Chinonyanya iziviswe rutapudzo ehupfumi rwesarufa dioxide. In Maitiro akadaro ukuru nesurferi oxidation inowedzera. Somuenzaniso: 1) SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + Br2 (bromine) + 2H2O (mvura) = H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2HBr (rehydrogen bromide); 2) 2SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + O2 (okisijeni) = 2SO3 (sulfite); 3) 5SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + 2KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) + 2H2O (mvura) = 2H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2MnSO4 (manganese sulphate) + K2SO4 (potassium sulfate).

Last Kupindura - muenzaniso yepamusoro mhinduro SO2 uye SO3. Purple atindivare kunoitika) mhinduro.

4. Tichitevera pamberi simba kuderedza sarufa dioxide inogona kuratidza oxidizing ehupfumi. Somuenzaniso, kuti dzokubvisa ari metallurgia indasitiri nesarufa zvichibva flue magasi, uchishandisa reconstitution rwesarufa yakasviba ine carbon monoxide (CO): SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) + 2co (carbon monoxide) = 2CO2 (carbon dioxide inobvisa) + S (sarufa).

Uyewo oxidative ehupfumi yamarudzi ichi rinoshandiswa kuwana fosfornovaristoy ksiloty: PH3 (phosphine) + SO2 (sarufa yakasviba) = H3PO2 (fosfornovaristaya acid) + S (sarufa).

Apo akashandisa sarufa yakasviba

Kazhinji nesarufa yakasviba inoshandiswa kugadzira sulfuric acid. Uyewo rinoshandiswa senzira zvisaora (E-220) muna zvaAtemisi zvinwiwa (waini uye zvimwe zvinwiwa avhareji mutengo muchikwata). Nokuda zvinhu gasi ichi kuuraya-siyana zvigare, ivo fumigated dzokuchengetera uye muriwo chitoro. Uyezve, sarufa yakasviba rinoshandiswa kuti bleaching shinda, sirika, mashanga (avo zvinhu risingagoni bleached kuiisa chlorine). Mune mumarabhoritari rwesarufa yakasviba rinoshandiswa sezvo solvent uye kuwana munyu dzakasiyana-siyana sulfurous acid.

vasiri migumisiro

Sarufa yakasviba ine simba chepfu ehupfumi. Zviratidzo nomuchetura - munhu chikosoro, runny mhino, hoarseness, pachangu kuravira mumuromo, mumwe sekenyedza vakasimba huro. Inhalation rwesarufa yakasviba panguva yakakwirira kuwanda unovapo zvakaomera pakuparadza uye kukachidzwa, kutaura nyonganyonga, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa zvingamuka chakasimba pulmonary edema.

MPC rwesarufa yakasviba:
- mumba - 10 MG / m³;
- avhareji kunonyanyisa basa-mumhepo - 0,05 MG / m³.

Aikanganiswa nesarufa yakasviba mune vamwe vanhu, nemhuka zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pakati zvikuru nemishonga miti Birch uye nemiouki, uye muduku - spruce uye mupaini.