Mafuro zvitengeswa redunhu - muenzaniso ukama pakati zvipenyu mukati biocenosis

Chero biocenosis ikoko bhasikoro nyaya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vari kuramba uchifamba, uye kutamira kubva zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa kurarama uye shure zvakare. Panobva simba pamusoro uyu muitiro ndiye zuva. simba rake rokutanga kutenderera ari dzikwanise nemakemikari simba, ipapo mu zvemaziso uye kupinda kupisa somugumisiro zvokudya zvinenge mukati zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza munharaunda.

Ukama aya anonziwo trophic nengetani.

mukuru pfungwa

Rakakwana kudzidza biocenotic ukama pakati siyana zvinenge zvesayenzi anoshandawo pfungwa chuma zvokudya. Biology anomupa zvinotevera tsanangudzo: dzino kwemarudzi kana mapoka zvipenyu, ramakagadzwa noukama zvokudya zvakanaka, uye mumwe nomumwe yapfuura link ngetani ndiyo zvokudya gare gare.

Links of cheni chikafu

Chero cheni zvokudya , pane Links akawanda.

Kubatana yokutanga ndiyo vaburitsi, kana vaburitsi. basa ravo rinoitwa nevanhu autotrophic zvinomera, izvo nedanho photosynthesis exchange rezuva simba kupinda nemakemikari simba.

Kubatana wechipiri ndivo consuments. Ndivo herbivores (chikuru vatengi) uye carnivores (chesekondari uye tertiary vatengi) mhuka.

Kubatana wechitatu - nayo decomposers. Vari paakapiwa tusingaoneki kuti anoora Organic residues kune inorganic zvinhu.

Environmental piramidhi

In kuchinja kubva trophic (muviri) kubatana nedzimwe nguva dzose kunoitika zvinhu uye simba kurasikirwa zvakapetwa kagumi. Izvi sechinhu musoro uye ikoroji inonzi kutonga zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza chepiramidhi.

Mujinga chepiramidhi akaronga vaburitsi. Above navo ndivo vatengi. Akatevera Danho vane chesekondari uye tertiary vatengi. Zvayaiva pamusoro nezvikara. Kukwirira mapiramidhi rinogona siyana urefu zvichienderana cheni chikafu. Hazviwanzotora kupfuudza 4-5 inokwana zviyero nokuda nokukurumidza kuderera simba.

Zvakakosha kuti nemamiriro nomumwe chikwata kungasanganisira marudzi anoverengeka nokudya monotonous kudya. Uye mhuka vanodya zvokudya zvakasiyana, anogona kutora dzisakarurama chinzvimbo cheni, kana kunyange kupinda yoga matunhu.

Types nengetani chikafu

In zvose zvipenyu nzanga anomiririrwa mamwe zvitengeswa nengetani. Ndivo inotevera mazita: dendritic, mafuro. Mumwe mhando ine maitiro ayo, uye rinotanga zvimwe zvinenge. Saka, mafuro wedzerai cheni - muenzaniso ukama kwezvokudya kuti kutanga mitema vanokwanisa photosynthesis. dunhu kwakadaro yemanyorero irimo biocenosis. Dendritic chitarisiko kunotanga zvipenyu vanoshandisa simba akabudiswa munguva kubudiswa tsvina makemikari nyaya.

Mienzaniso nengetani chikafu

Trophic aiita kuti zvinenge zviri zvinhu zvipenyu zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa. zvinofambirana zvitengeswa ngetani kazhinji kuwanikwa. Mienzaniso: herbaceous uswa - nemakonzo diki - dzinodya dzimwe mhuka; rekushongedzesa - herbivores (ungulates) mhuka - guru dzinodya dzimwe mhuka. matunhu aya sangana nhengo dzakasiyana tiers biocenosis uye kuita yakatsiga kutaurirana therebetween. Kutaurirana kwavatori izvi - nengetani zvigare zvokudya. Muenzaniso kumusoro unoratidza kutevedzana yokuvaka muzvikamu mairi.

A kunzwisisa hurongwa trophic ukama mukati biocenosis chendangariro chacho hachichinji, dynamism uye kuvimbika. Kana mwero akarasika mukati rudzi (population kuderera somugumisiro denda, basa kwevanhu), ndicho link cheni, pane kuparadzwa yose zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzanga kwakakwana kana kukwana.

Chii zvigare chikafu cheni? Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvinotevera: vanhu uchapedza nemakonzo duku kuponesa nyika zviyo zvavo. Somugumisiro, akafa nokushayiwa zvokudya zvakasiyana siyana pazvikara, ravakanga vakashumira chikafu. Uyezve decomposers simbi duku makemikari Kuzvigadzira Patsva (akafa) residues uye zvibereko kukwana uwandu chicherwa zvinhu. pakupedzisira mhedzisiro ichi chakava sparse zvinomera nokuda kwokushayiwa inorganic zvinhu. Somugumisiro, yose biocoenosis anogona oskudet nokudzokera kupinda imwe mhando.

Uyewo, kuti dziva iri kunonakidza uye ziso ukama zvipenyu. Zvinoitawo vnutripastbischnaya zvitengeswa cheni. Example kucheneswa Dam, apo algae uye zooplankton anyangarika. Zvakaguma kutsakatika hove duku kuti zvokudya pamusoro pavo. Uyezve pane kunyangarika hove dzinodya dzimwe. Somugumisiro, akazoita nhamba zvigare, mhando vakasiyana nemhuka, rose hurongwa kwatanga pasi. Kudzorera zvinoda nguva yakawanda uye zvimwe zvirwere.

Saka, zvokudya zvisungo mukati biocenosis huru zvikonzero vayo kugadzikana uye kubudirira.