Chii dhanzi mumhanzi, kana nzendo pfupi kuti dhanzi

Kakawanda iri dhanzi mano muteereri chokuita guru mumhanzi uye simba manzwi, zvakajeka, zvakaoma kunzwisisa rugwaro. Kazhinji, vateereri vakazonzwa libretto, kunzwisisa zviri pangozi. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti pfungwa iyi zvikuru chakadzama. Chii dhanzi? Mimhanzi, izwi rinoshandiswa kureva zvakasiyana-siyana Genres chokuita chaizvo basa mimhanzi vaita.

History of dhanzi

Opera somunhu Genre akaberekwa muItaly muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu. Yaiva chikamu chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba pamusoro madingindira dzechitendero, mimhanzi yakanga achiridza yechipiri basa. Gare gare, paiva nziyo anofudza rwakaimbwa zvikurukuru chete, uye akaita ari nezvinobvamo, nechati chiito vemifananidzo. Uye chete makore zana dzemitambo makatanga kushandisa kungoramba uri iwe unongotaura mabasa - riri kuonekwa kuzvarwa Genre, rinonzi "mimhanzi dhanzi".

Kukura dhanzi

Pakutanga Vanyori vaifarira kunzi Genre itsva umo vakashanda, zvokuridza mutambo, asi rokuti "dhanzi" akazviratidza muna nemanomwe remakore. The yemitambo wokutanga, kushanda Genre ichi chakaonekwa yokutanga yezana nemanomwe remakore, ruzivo art Venice. Chete vakuru vakuru vaigona kuva kusvika vateereri ichi maonero. nokukurumidza Opera mumhanzi akaenda mhiri miganhu Italy, kuvakoka kupinda dzakawanda nyika dzokuEurope. Nokuti hafu yezana remakore akavhura dzemitambo nomwe, izvo basa anenge makumi mana Vanyori.

Russian dhanzi

Russia akadzidza chinhu chitsva kwazvo nokuchema uye kunonoka kukuru. Chii dhanzi mumhanzi, mudare Empress Anny Ioannovny kuzivikanwa chete nemasere remakore, apo nyika akashanyirwa vokuItaly vatambi. Russia basa yokutanga Genre ichi ( "The Power Worudo uye Ruvengo") rakashandurirwa kubva French. Makore makumi maviri zvaida kuti ave nechokwadi kuti wokuRussia mutauro dhanzi rakanyorwa.

dhanzi Nationalization

Mikhail Glinka - Hapana mubvunzo kwakajeka munyori wakaita mugove kukura zvokuimba Russia. Akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti kuratidza mabasa avo National hunhu, ratidza mweya vanhu Russian. Glinka kwakaita dhanzi akaonekwa Italy, apo akadzidza mumhanzi, asi kunyange mazita avo ( "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan uye Lyudmila") zvinoratidza kuti munyori chero zvazvingava aisada kupa midzi yavo. Chinotoshamisa kusiyana kuti Glinka akatora chikamu Pakunyora libretto, akanga asingatyi anodana canons, kuchinja mafungiro mabasa ake, haana kutya kushandisa mumhanzi wavo. Akashandisa midziyo itsva iyi chinowanikwa chete nepfuma European. Glinka akava tsime rakafuridzirwa nokuda zvakadai Vanyori akakurumbira sezvo Berlioz uye Weber, pashure akakwereta dzimwe pfungwa Wagner.

continuator

Pashure kubudirira Glinka kuti dhanzi hakuchisina zvaiita saka mutorwa kuna Russian Genre. Vazhinji Vanyori nomukurumbira vakaedza ruoko yavo ichi Genre yakaoma, akanga asingasiyi, uye Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera of muimbi akaona mashiripiti, akamudana storyteller pachake. Chikonzero akanaka wongororo izvozvo zvinoshamisa tarenda somuimbi, vaigona kuumba mabasa ake zvinoshamisa chaizvoizvo mhepo. Asi nokukurumidza akaratidza kuti anokwanisa kwete chete inoshandiswa pakutsigira rengano. Opera "Mozart uye Salieri" akaratidza kukura wacho, ivo dzinopikisana zvisikwa evanhu, kuvhiringidzika manzwiro uye nemanzwiro evanhu. Zvinoita sokuti, Rimsky-Korsakov pamudzi Russia akashandura pfungwa dhanzi ndiye mumhanzi, nokusika nemamwe mabasa gumi, vakapinda nhoroondo uri nyika.

dhanzi mutsara

Genre Opera Zvinoshamisa kuti rinobatanidza zvinhu chaiwo chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mutambo uye magadzirirwo awo, kazhinji vanomiririrwa kutamba, kuti zviri akawedzera zvinoshamisa nziyo simba risina zvishoma mikuru vocals. Hazvibviri kufungidzira imwe dhanzi pasina CARCHI. Aria - zvakangofanana kuti lyrical kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura basa. Inoshanda kuitira kuti gamba aikwanisa kuvhura pfungwa dzake nemanzwiro, nezvokutambudzika mafungiro avo zviri kuitika. Shoko "aria" zvinobva rokuItari "mweya", izvi imhaka yokuti yose marimba mutsara rwakaimbwa mweya mumwe. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti unyanzvi ichi kunoita mutambo zvichiitika pachikuva. Asi panguva dzakawanda CARCHI kare vaenda mhiri kutambudzwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo chinosiririsa. Somuenzaniso, imwe aria kubva dhanzi "Carmen" iri Russian analogue nemashoko okuti kutanga nemashoko "vatinoda seshiri mapapiro", rinozivikanwa kwete chete nokuda evanofarira, asiwo vanhuwo. Izvi zvinoshandawo yakadaro anozivikanwa zvidimbu mumhanzi, sezvo aria kubva "The Kuroora Figaro" (mutsara izvo "Figaro pano, Figaro ikoko" rava rwendo), kana "Mwoyo runako ruchigona kuchinja" kubva "Rigoletto".

mhedziso

Opera - mumwe chinonyanya kushamisa uye nharo nziyo Genres. Kudivi rimwe, hazvibviri kwete kuyemura wemishonga zvinoshamisa pebindu, mumhanzi, simba manzwi uye zvinoshamisa nzvimbo dzokuona akakwana. Asi Ukuwo, dzimwe nguva zvinoita kuoma kunzwisisa kugadzirira muteereri. Asi zvinokosha kubhadhara mutero: munyika hakuna mumwe Genre, saka chichinyatsobatanidzwa tichibatanidza zvose icho aikoshesa yemitambo. Ndeipi dhanzi nziyo? It chinhu zvisingaperi tsime manzwiro uye manzwiro, akapfeka inzwi, dzakanga padanho ugone munyori, uyo aikwanisa embody basa rake pose, achiratidza ayo mashoko muduku inzwi zviridzwa. No Genre, vakaenzana kwayo nokukura uye nguva unoparadza dhanzi, izvo Ndokusaka akafanira kuyemurwa uye kuremekedza vateereri.