Stock Exchange - chii ichi? Mabasa uye nhengo Stock Exchange

Kazhinji ano inoti anoshanda vapfuwi exchanges ane musika upfumi. The mabasa kuMudzidzisi mari nemasangano kunosanganisira kuita yakawanda kukosha kuti National upfumi mabasa. Ndezvipi? Ndezvipi chikuru paibva kutengesa pamusoro kuMudzidzisi misika?

Chii Stock Exchange?

Stock Exchange - iri, maererano vanhuwo tsananguro, masangano kushandiswa kuita mabasa kutengesa kuti kuchengetedzeka siyana. It runovimbisa pamutemo nekodzero kwema, mune zvimwe zviitiko - the zvakavanzika vaitengesa nemamwe kumusika vatambi, inopa mari kune mvumo vanhu ivavo kana zvimwe muripo inopiwa kune bidders zviridzwa siyana kutengeswa uye kutenga kuchengetedzeka.

Stock Exchange - kunokosha chokufunga kumusika upfumi ano. Inoita Makambani kukwezva makambani 'mari kuburikidza placement kuti pamunenge muchizvivaraidza vakasununguka riparadzirwe, uye kuwedzera saka yayo capitalization.

Nhoroondo chidzoke padanda exchanges

Zvichava kubatsira kuongorora sei ikoko vapfuwi exchanges. Nhoroondo panowanikwa kuMudzidzisi mari masangano kunotanga, maererano nenyanzvi ano, kubva remakore rechi16. Wokutanga chinokosha exchanges aonekwa makuru European maguta wokutengesera. Muna 1531 - muna Antwerp, muna 1549-metres - muToulouse, muna 1556 - muLondon. Zvisinei, zvakakodzera pamanyorerwo zvemari ukama kwete pakarepo akava akakurumbira, uye exchanges aya akavharwa zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvisinei, kare muna 1611 muAmsterdam akavhura musika itsva, iyo richiri kushanda. Pakutanga yakatakura kunze zvakaenda nezvinhu, asi nokufamba kwenguva nyaya kwema pamusoro Stock Exchange uye kuchengetedzeka akatanga. Chokutanga, chokwadi, pamusika wemari rava akakodzera sangano muLondon, yakavambwa muna 1773. Muna 1792, yakafanana mamiriro hwakagadzwa muna New York.

History padanda exchanges mu Russia

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti Ivan Kuchin mifananidzo Nehunde exchanges muRussia akaonekwa mumazuva Peter I. Muna 1789, chirevo wakabudiswa Catherine II, akabvuma zano pakuvaka Gostiny Dvor muMoscow, panguva iyo oparesheni aifanira kuronga exchange. Asi chokwadi, sangano zvemari ichi chichiwanikwa chete pashure pehondo 1812. Panguva iyoyo, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti, izvozvo akatotanga kuzarurwa, kunyanya, ari Odessa musika - muna 1796. Muzana remakore rechi19, zvakakodzera pamanyorerwo zvemari ukama vari kushingaira kutanga muRussia.

Pakazosvika 1917 pakanga exchanges vanenge 115 vari Russian Empire. Zvisinei, hurumende uye zvakazoitika kuti kuoma tarisiro kukura chidimbu. Exchange raishanda panguva nguva NEP Zvisinei, basa ravo kwakaregwa 1930. Kudzorera exchanges akatanga Russia yakanga chete pashure pokuwa USSR. Zvino Russia pane dzakawanda zvikuru vapfuwi exchanges. Zvezvisarudzo akakurumbira - the RTS uye MICEX. sangano ravo nokuti chokuti Stock Exchange - zviri, sezvataona apa, chinhu chinokosha chokufunga pamusika upfumi. Sezvo National upfumi Russian Federation akatanga kuvakazve kubva mugovanisi kuti capitalist womuenzaniso, yakanga akaita pakagadzwa zvakakodzera zvemari masangano.

Zvakadzama chii chinoratidzwa kukosha wemari exchanges kuti upfumi hwenyika yacho, tinogona kuona zvoushumiri mashandiro kuti vaite.

Mashandiro ari exchanges rehurumende upfumi

Nyanzvi Modern kuziva zvinotevera mazita pavo.

Chokutanga, pamusika wemari mashandiro - ndicho kuunganidza zvinokosha yakawanda guta iri National upfumi. Ipfungwa ichi zvikuru kunokanganisa mubhizimisi Kukwezva of emakambani kushanda hurumende. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti capitalization kuti misika wemari hapasi Nenyaya Iyi pamwe simba pamusoro GDP. Vechikamu pamusoro Stock Exchange - ndiwo vatengesi uye Entrepreneurs vari munyaya okisheni, pakutanga kwezvose, kuedza kuwana chinhu nokuda pachavo. Zvisinei, kuunganidza avo kana zvimwe mari anogona kuva chinhu reinvestment yavo mubhizimisi, uye ichi, akavapindurawo, kunogona kukanganisa GDP ari mamiriro.

Chechipiri, pamusika wemari - musika ichi, apo basa rinokosha iri reDare dzimwe makambani. Saka, kuMudzidzisi mari nemasangano zvikuru kubva pfungwa nemaonero dzakawanda zvoupfumi mabasa ehurumende. Zviratidzi Statistics RZB Nehunde exchanges - iri, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokosha zvoupfumi zviratidzi vatorwa vakaroorana.

Chechitatu, Nehunde exchanges - Kazhinji masangano makuru chaizvo kuti vanoumba yose nyanzvi nenzanga vatengesi. Nhengo Stock Exchange - hazvina chete makambani vachitengesa migove, avo vanogona kuva, pfungwa, uye vagari vanhuwo vane mukana anodikamwa zvemari Chinoshandiswa bindu uye kutengeswa kuchengetedzeka. Saka, mari zvikoro vanoonekwa se nevamwe uye zvekuvaka ezvinhu kuzadzika vanhu Chinoshandiswa basa.

The nemamiriro Stock Exchange

Zvino tinoziva kuti pamusika wemari - zvakakosha kuti upfumi hurumende tsika zvemari. Iye zvino ngationgororei zvinotaurwa chaizvo zviri zvayo marongerwo uye ndedzipi pfungwa pezvakaitwa vakatakudzwa kubva mukufamba kutengesa. Stock Exchange - nzvimbo kuitwa nomutengo uye kutengeswa kuchengetedzeka - kunyanya vakasununguka migove wakabudiswa chero private kana voruzhinji kambani.

Quotes uye indices

Kwakavakirwa sei zvinhu zviri mberi kumisika yose kana mune imwe mabhizimisi, kunyanya vari rakanyorwa akatorwa kuMudzidzisi mugove. In yose, ivo nokuda kwenguva indekisi pamusika wemari. Iwo chokwadi, zvachose indekisi kukosha kuchengetedzeka, Anovhura yakakodzera zvokutengeserana papuratifomu. indekisi ichi chakaumbwa, somunhu ushe, issuers pakukura migove, uye nokuti anobva pakuva investor anogona kuongorora kuti zvinhu zviri kuitika munyika imwe kwemauto National upfumi kana yose upfumi hwose.

Ndeapi matambudziko zviri kugadziriswa musangano pamusoro Exchange?

Sezvataona pamusoro apa, mumatanda havasi Nenyaya Iyi pamwe GDP, asi vanogona kupa mazano pamusoro kukura tarisiro kuMudzidzisi macroeconomic zviratidzo. Naizvozvo, gadziriro mashoko mazita ari Stock Exchange - hazvisi nyore mari ndiani, kune rumwe rutivi, kuti zvionekwe maererano chinangwa nzira, mazita emakambani pakukura mumwe - inonzi representativeness yavo pamberi ari indekisi yacho exchange. zvokutengeserana akavhiyiwa Vanachiremba vanogona kutungamirirwa sezvo dzakawanda mitemo uye dzemunharaunda, uye kune avo kuti kuratidza national specificities ose kuchengetedzeka kwema.

Drafting mashoko mazita ari Stock Exchange - handiyo chete kuchikosha basa mari, kuronga akakodzera emaoko. Vanofanirawo nechokwadi zvizere nekodzero kwema, zvakarurama placement kuti migove, mari kwezvavakaisa goho tichitarisa dzakawanda uye National mitemo mumunda rezvemari. Saka, sangano paruzhinji zvokutengeserana securities kunosanganisira kutora chikamu zvinotevera huru vatambi vari: migove ine issuers, vatengesi, mari, vanoumba mashoko mazita, uyewo kuona kuti Mvumo iri kwema pamusoro kutengwa uye kutengesa kuchengetedzeka.

Misimboti kutengesa pamusoro Stock Exchange

Ngatichiongororai chii hwaro dzemitemo zvaakatadzisa dzokutengeserana pamusoro akakodzera nzvimbo. Stock Exchange - kumusika, kunyange zvishoma vemunyika. Kureva Pricing iwayo zvigadzirwa dzinowanikwa pamusoro payo - iyi zvazvingava, kuchengetedzeka makambani - rinoitwa pahwaro romugove uye kudiwa pamusoro akakodzera zvinhu. Vamwe administrative mutemo mitengo iri Stock Exchange haisi kwaiitwa. The kambani anowana migove ayo pamusoro musika ane chinangwa kukwezva makambani, pakutanga kwezvose, dzavo kubudirira mune pakuvaka bhizimisi womuenzaniso.

Stock Exchange - ndiwo musika rakarongwa, izvo chinoshanda maererano nemimwe mirayiro uye nemirayiro. Kuti kusvika pariri, kambani achivaratidza kuti migove vanofanira kusangana zvinoverengeka zvinodiwa, uyewo mamwe yemakambani, achiisa kuchengetedzeka pamusoro nhengo exchanges. Saizvozvowo, Umambo dzemunharaunda vanofanira kuomerera zvakanaka uye vatengesi.

Kubudirana pachena somunhu anokosha chokufunga kutengesa

Zvisinei, kuMudzidzisi mari masangano, sezvinoita mutemo, edza kuva sezvo rakazaruka sezvo zvinogoneka makambani. Akanyanya - vaya vari kunze. International Stock Exchange - mumwe inonyatsobudirira zviridzwa zvemari yokumutsa guta rehurumende. Naizvozvo, havaoni ayo edza hauziri bureaucratic kuwana kutengesa kuti dzimwe zvizvarwa.

Pakudaro kuwedzera mashoko pamusoro wemari exchanges?

Inotevera chinotaurwa kuti zvichava kubatsira kufunga - kuti, nokudaro kuona kukura mashoko ose migove eungano, vaivapo nepamusika. Above tinoona kuti masangano mari idzi zvachose musika zvivako, anenge anobvisa simba yaiona zvikonzero pamusoro Pricing mashandiro. Stock Exchange indekisi - chiyero inoratidza investor afarire placement mari mumigove mamwe makambani, pane zvimwe. Asi sei treydet kunotema kana upfumi yakavimbika? Uye pane imwe nguva, vachidziparadza kutengesa vawana mugove?

It kuridza basa hombe zvinoverengeka.

Chekutanga, vanobviswa kufungawo akabudiswa mashoko pamusoro mamiriro yebhizimisi migove ari achivaratidza kambani. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvirevo zvemari, migumisiro audits, Analytical nyaya, maererano tinyatsonzwisisa kubudirira yebhizimisi muenzaniso wekambani.

Chechipiri, munhu anokosha zvikuru aikosha nokuda muzvinashawo - the macroeconomic zviratidzo. Kana investor anoona kuti mamiriro ezvinhu munyika upfumi munyika umo basa achivaratidza kambani, iri kure kumbonaka - Iye angasarudza kutengesa anogoverana vose kana akawanda ehurumende makambani.

Chechitatu, munhu chinokosha sarudzo yacho muzvinashawo kutenga kana kutengesa kuchengetedzeka - enyika ezvinhu ichi kana kuti nharaunda. The zvachinja simba rehurumende, kana kuti kuonekwa makakatanwa pakati noukama nevavakidzani vayo - chakaita kuti investor vangafanira adzokorore ayo tinyatsonzwisisa tarisiro oupfumi mumigove makambani kushanda imwe nyika.

Chii chinonyanya kutikurudzira kuti vashambadzi uye issuers pamusoro Stock Exchange?

Ngationei kudzidza chimwe chinhu wemari exchanges - motivational. Chaizvoizvo, chii chinokurudzira achivaratidza makambani uye vatengesi kutsvaka kuita securities kutengesa? Mabasa Stock Exchange - zviri, kupfuura zvose, sangano chepamutemo kusakarongeka pakati investor - munhu anotsvaka kuchengetedza uye kuwedzera ravo guru, uye zvebhizimisi, izvo zvinozoita anoda kuwedzera yayo tichimhanya, kuva maindasitiri matsva, kupa muchiso kuzivikanwa paNational uye misika vatorwa. Mativi Chokwadi, kunyanya kuda mari, uye ichi ndicho chido chavo chikuru.

kana misika unganidza zviri pamutemo?

Pakati vatengesi zvakafanana mafungiro kuti pamusika wemari - ari munyengeri, asi kwema pamusoro kutengwa uye kutengesa kuchengetedzeka vasingawanzova zvinobatsira. Zvisinei, sezvataona kumusoro, musangano wenyika zvokutengeserana securities, kunyanya, kupa chokwadi wakazara Mvumo iri ukama kwema, mupe zvakakodzera zvigadziriswe avakuru inobvira pachena. Saka, kutaura kunyengera pano hakusi zvakakodzera, asi iva nechokwadi chokuti zviri kazhinji inokwanisa chete rainyatsoigona muzvinashawo. Kuti bhizimisi mari dzavo securities, anoziva kuti panyaya kuderedza inobvira kurasikirwa mashoko. Uyewo kwaita palpable mari kana kambani vakatenga migove kuchimuka ukoshi.