Maitiro emabhakitiriya: tsanangudzo, tsanangudzo, zvinhu uye mabasa

Microbiology isayenzi yakawanda yemazuva ano inotsvakurudza zvinyorwa zvehupenyu uye zvepanyama, morphology uye systematics yebhakitiriya. Nyika yeprokaryotes yakafuma mune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi. Kuti uongorore mamiriro ose emakiromita aya, basa rinoitwa nemitemo yavo pamusangano wehutano hwakanaka pasi pemamiriro akaipa. Maitiro emabhakitiriya ndeimwe yenzira dzinokosha dzekutora nekudzidza prokaryotes.

Chii chinokwana mabhakitiriya?

Haisi chakavanzika chokuti prokaryotes ndeyezvisikwa zvipenyu. Zvinononoka uye zvinokurumidza kuwedzera, kupetanidza nhamba yavo, maererano nedzimwe dheti, maminetsi makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu. Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti tive nekufambira mberi kwejemiometric ekukura kwetsika.

Ikoko ndiyo mbeu yekamuri rimwe chete, kuonekwa kunooneka kwemazana makuru emakiromita pane midzi yevhu. Kukura kwekoloni, ruvara rwayo uye mamwe marphological inowanikwa mu laboratori inotarisa tsika yemabhakitiriya.

Kuti udzidze matanho eparamende yakasiyana yemasero eprokaryotic, svikiro rinokosha rekudya rinoshandiswa. Pamusoro pazvo, microorganisms inokwanisa kuwedzera nokukurumidza, nokuti iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha kumetabolism yebhakitiriya. Somugumisiro, mushure memazuva 4-5 (imwe nguva inogona kusiyana), chikafu chePitri chinoratidza maonero anooneka anooneka, ayo basa racho rinoitwa naro.

Sampuro yebhakitiriya inowanikwa kubva pachirairi inotanga kucheneswa kuti itapedze nhamba yebhakitiriya pamubhadharo wevheji. Iyi nzira inogadzirirwa basa rakanaka mune ramangwana, sezvo nekuwedzerwa kudzvara kwezvipembenene, midzi yemuviri inogona kuvharwa nehuwandu hwemakoloni (ayo anonzi "lawn"). Zvadaro iyo pfupa imwe neimwe haina kusiyaniswa, uye nzira dzakawanda dzisingakwanisi kuitisa.

Mhedziso yemitemo yebhakitiriya

Nzira yakadini ye microorganisms yakaongororwa sei? Ndezvipi zvigadziro zvinofanira kuonekwa mubhuku?

Mamiriro ehutachiona hwebhakitiriya pamusana pekudya anogadziriswa maererano nemitemo yakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira morphological, biochemical, hupenyu hwezvinhu zviduku, uye izvi zvose zvinogadziriswa mu laboratori muzvikamu. Semuenzaniso, maonero akasiyana-siyana emakoloni emabhakitiriya anopiwa anogona kunyoresa pakarepo mushure mekurimwa kwavo. Zviratidzo zvakasara zvinodzidzwa kare nekubatsirwa kwemichina yakakosha (microscope) kana dzimwe nzira dzekushanda ne analyte zvinhu metabolites, pigments, enzyme nemamwe prokaryotic prod.

Dzimwe tsika dzemabhakitiriya dzinopiwa pasi apa.

1. Hukuru hwekoloni. Inogona kuva isina kudzika, isina kudzika, yakasviba uye yakakura. Iyo yakaenzana inoyerwa mumamilimita uye inogona kuva pakati pe1 kusvika ku5 kana kupfuura. Makorokari asingasviki 1 mm muhupamhi inonzi inonzi colonies.

2. Mucherechedzo, pamwe nekukwanisa kusunungura pigment kune zvakatipoteredza.

3. Surface. Pano zvakatemwa kana zviri nyore, zvakashata, zvinoputika kana zvakazara zvakapetwa.

4. Colony profile: crater-shaped, convex, conical or flat.

5. Urongwa hwekoloni. Iyo inogona kuva yakasiyana, yakasvibiswa, yakaoma-yakanatswa kana yakanaka.

6. Mafuta: kusviba, kutenderera, opaque, fluorescent, matte kana kupenya;

7. Kubatana. Ikoko inogona kunge yakanyanyisa kana yakasvibiswa, yakasvibiswa kana yakawanda, iyo yakaoma kana yakaoma.

8. Chema makoroni: flat, lobed, rhizoid, wavy, dentate, nezvimwewo.

Kana basa racho richiitwa nemapoka maduku emasero, microscope inoshandiswa. Nekuwedzera kuduku, unogona kuona muganhu wekoloni, nehuporofita hwaro, uye pamusoro. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoongororwa nekubatsira kwemakemikari. Kubatana kunogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekubata sterilized loop kana pipette kusvika kumakoloni. Nokudaro, tsika netsika dzemakemikari zvakatemwa.

Muviri wezvokudya

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mabhakitiriya anoramba achiwedzera mu laboratori, mishonga yemiti inoshandiswa inoshandiswa. Inogona kuva yemiriwo kana yemhuka yakabva, uye inogara-yakasimba kana mvura. Matanho anokosha mukugadzirwa kwemasanganiswa akadaro anogara ari acidity, osmotic pressure uye, zvechokwadi, kuvapo kweemhepo, mavitamini, micro-uye macroelements. Usakanganwa nezvezvinhu zvinokonzera kabhoni, nitrogen uye hydrogen.

Mukati wekudya unofanirwa kuve wakajeka kana kuti unochinja, kuitira kuti zvibvirire kutsvaga tsika yemabhakitiriya asina zvikanganiso. Agar inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chokutanga chekugadzira zvakadaro. Inogona kuva mumvura yakanyungudutswa (yakanyungudutswa), asi inowanzobva yakadururirwa mundiro yePetri uye inopisa.

Mishonga yezvokudya zvine utachiona inoshandiswawo mune ma laboratory, asi, maererano nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwezvinyorwa zviduku, tsika dzezvakagadziri dzinodzidzwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. Parameters yakafanana nehuwandu hwehutu hwemvura, pamusoro, pedyo-rusvingo kana kukura pasi kunokosha pano. A granular precipitate, inoenderana kana kuti yakafanana nemafuta, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa chete mumvura yakasvibirira.

Zvishandiso zvebasa

Maitiro nemasero eubhakitiriya anoshandisa kushandiswa kweatoriyuta zviridzwa. Kudyara uye kudzidza tsika dzezvinyorwa zviduku zvinoda kuvapo kwebhakitiriya loop kana Pasteur pipette. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinofanirwa kushandiswa muirimu remwenje wemweya, uye pipette chirongo chinotanga kutemwa.

Izvi zvinoshandiswa nyore nyore zvichatibatsira kana uchishanda nezvirimwa mu laboratori pamwe chete pamusangano wakasimba wezvokudya uye mumhepo yakasvibirira.

3 matanho ekuzviparadzanisa kwemakoloni ari kure

Nyaya yekutanga, sekutonga, ine musanganiswa webhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana. Kuzviparadzanisa kwezvikamu zvakasarudzwa zveboka rinodikanwa remasero inzira inofadza uye inoda. Izvo zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu zvakakamurwa kuva matanho matatu:

1. Kugovera tsika yekuchengetedza mabhakitiriya, pakati payo inokosha kuti isu tidzidze.

2. Kuiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yakasarudzwa yakachena kuburikidza nenzira dzakasarudzwa.

3. Kukura uye kuwedzera kwemasero ebhakitiriya, shanda navo.

Ichokwadi kuti, "kubvisa" bhakitiriya yakarurama, munhu anofanira kutarisa nzvimbo dzavanonyanya kukoshesa mumamiriro ekunze, uye munyaya yepathogenic kana chimiro cheporogenic prokaryotes, nzira yehupenyu yekuongorora inogona kushandiswa zvachose. Icho chinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti mhuka inobvuma bhakti yakapiwa inosarudzwa. Izvo zvinowedzera mu mhuka yekuedza, uye semugumisiro muzamu reropa iwe unogona kuwana zvizhinji zvakakosha nokuda kwebasa reprokaryotic masero.

Kupararira kune dzimwe nyika

Mitemo yemabhakitiriya inogona kuongororwa munzvimbo dzakasarura uye dzakachena. Kuti uwane iyo yemakumi emakumi ezviuru zvebhakitiriya dzinowanikwa pane petri dish, shandisa nzira yeKoch. Chinonyanya kukosha chiri muchokwadi chokuti pane zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvipembenene-zvisingabhadwi makapu ane miviri yezvibereko vanoisa mabhakitiriya anodikanwa. Uye izvi zvinoshandiswa negiyo imwechete kana pipette maererano nemirairo yekutsvaga, kureva, usatora mamwe mabhakitiriya masero mushure mekuita mapikisi okutanga neechipiri kuburikidza nemutsetse wemuviri. Saka, ikozvino kune chechitatu uwandu hwebhakitiriya huchaderera uye zvingave zvakakwanisa kudzikama nekunyatsowana koni yakakodzera yekutsvakurudza.

Mitemo yemasikirwo - iyo inowanikwa ye microbiology

Kudzidza kwemasero eBacteria kunotanga nekuongorora kwemukoko wavo. Rimwe rondedzero yemararamiro rinotsanangura boka rezvipembenene pane petri dish, uye zvino smear yakagadzirwa inoitwa uye kugadzirira kunogadzirwa nenzira iyi. Anobatwa ne microscope uye anotsanangura kare masero ega ecoloni. Zvose zviito zvinoda kuziva mabhakitiriya: angave ari pathogenic kana kwete, kune rimwe boka rakarongeka, nezvimwe, ndezvipi.

Ndingawanepi kupi mabhakitiriya?

Anenge pose pose. Vanogara mumhepo, uye pasi, uye mumvura, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa semagetsi, makomo emakomo kana kuti, pamwe chete, masikati machena. Mabhiriyoni emabhakitiriya anowanikwa mumuviri wedu wemunhu, uye pakati pawo zvose zvinobatsira uye zvinyorwa zvepathogenic.

A smear kubva kumunhu chero upi zvake, kana isina kumbove yakanyanyiswa, pane petri dish inopa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakoloni. Sero rebhakitiriya rinomera kana kwete, rinobva pakuumbwa kwe substrate yemuviri, iyo inowanzoshandiswa paunokura ma microorganisms anodiwa. Nokudaro, nzvimbo yekusarudzo yakagadzirirwa zvisati zvaitika, iyo inongova nemamwe marudzi emaabhakitiriya anogona kurarama.

Nokuda kwekugadziriswa kana kuzivikanwa, tsika dzebhakitiriya dziri kushandiswa zvakashandiswa. Microbiology inowanzotarisana nezvinetso zvakadai sekudyara uye kukura kwemakoloni, kusarudzwa kwavo, kushandiswa kwemidziyo uye basa rakaoma pamurazvo wemwenje wemweya.

Mhedziso

Mune mazhinji laboratories ezvinyorwa, mabhakitiriya masero emhando dzakasiyana-siyana ari kudzidza. Aya ndiwo masangano ekuongororwa uye masangano esayenzi. Mitemo yebhakitiriya ndeimwe yenzira dzekuona michina, iyo inobatsira pakushanda ne "cocktails" kubva mumhando dzakasiyana dzeprokaryotes. Uyewo, ruzivo rweboka rinogadziriswa ichi kana kuti cheki nderokubvumira imwe imwe nguva kutarisisa kururama kwekufambira mberi kwekudzidza kwemashoko akashandiswa.