Chii chinoita anthropology kwouzivi iri kunzwisisa womunhu: a maonero kuburikidza nguva

Kwemazana emakore pakuvaka nehurongwa kwouzivi kubhadhara ayo mugove nevafungi akasiyana zvikoro uzivi, kubva Plato naAristotle kuna Kant uye Feuerbach. Zvisinei, mashoko anthropological musimboti haana kugamuchirwa Marxist akatarisa uzivi, sezvo Marx asingavaki maitiro ake pamusoro kutsoropodzwa Feuerbach, nemhosva kwavari wokunzwa "naturalism." remunhu, sezvo tichiziva kubva kosi chenhau pfuma, pakuverengwa ukama ayo nzanga, uye hapana zvakawanda.

Pfungwa yokuti 'anthropology kwouzivi "akanga pfungwa Maksom Shelerom mu" Murume History "muna 1926. Iye kunotsanangurwa so chikuru nesayenzi zvakasikwa hwevanhu, kusanganisira zvipenyu, pfungwa, magariro uye dzisiri zvinhu okuvapo kwevanhu.

Chido kunzwisisa pachavo

Chii chinoita anthropology kwouzivi iri kunzwisisa womunhu? Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri ari vaunganidza guru empirical ruzivo anogadzirwa yoga chirango nesayenzi kuti inodzidza dzevanhu. Pane kudiwa muunganidzwa uye yokuronga patsva muna muchiedza dambudziko okuvapo kwevanhu.

Izvi zvakazoita kuti kwaita anthropology kwouzivi kufanana wenguva inoyerera rwizi, vachigamuchira mukati vadzore vakawanda rechibharo uye mutakuri kuna penyanza nezvose anounganidzwa uye zvakakangwa rwendo yake refu.

Sezvo postulated ne anthropology kwouzivi hunhu hwevanhu akatsunga nedare chaicho ukama zvakatipoteredza nayo anogara, kusanganisira hunhu, nzanga uye nzvimbo.

Chii chinoita kuti murume?

Sezvo Scheler vaiti kufarira uzivi womunhu mune kusvetuka uye miganhu, "anthropological" nguva vakanga yakatsiviwa shoma humanistic. Asi chero munhu chinzvimbo mune imwe nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu, ake asanyanya akaramba kutsvaka richikura.

Maererano Buber, kunonyanya anokwezva munguva evanhu kusagadzikana anova dambudziko revanhu. Kwouzivi anthropology anotsvaka kutsanangura zvinokonzera okusachengeteka uye ushoma kwevanhu mukutarisana cataclysms pose.

Pausiku Yechipiri World Scheler rinorondedzera murume sechisikwa kufungisisa kunzwisisa nyika kuburikidza ane mwoyo rakashama. Plesner chinotarisa ake "anotongerwa" kuti kuramba nokuzvidzora kuvandudzika, Gehlen anovandudza pfungwa dzevanhu chido kuoneka kuburikidza tsaukana nemagariro.

Nyaya anthropology kwouzivi

Saka, munhu ari raora zvose ukama hwake nenyika chave chichirondedzerwa anthropology kwouzivi somunhu tsvakurudzo pasi. Asi apo iye pachake ichiri kunzwisiswa ambiguously. Izvi blurring of kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tigutsikane inochengeterwa kwedu nguva.

Sezvo PS Gurevich, pane chikuru kusiyana nhatu kududzirwa pfungwa "anthropology kwouzivi." Mumwe inobva kunzwisisa anoita anthropology kwouzivi iri kunzwisisa womunhu. Zvisinei, munosimbiswa pamusoro dzakasiyana zvinhu yoga nzvimbo ruzivo kwouzivi kwakakodzera mirayiridzo kwouzivi uye kunyanya nzira cognition.

Saka chii chinoita anthropology kwouzivi iri kunzwisisa womunhu?

XXI remakore ayo forebodings, uprofita uye vose kuwedzera muzvigadzirwa mberi anokurudzira vezvesayenzi kuti zvakawanda kunyatsodzidza womunhu chaiyo. On the forum masayendisiti zvakakomba akakurukura mukana supplementing tsika zvesayenzi nezivo pamusoro nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzisiri dzesayenzi, kana iri unyanzvi, chitendero, usingaonekwi kunofambira, esoteric Dzidziso kana kudzidza afenda.

Pfungwa yokuvimbika, RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA - ndizvo zvinoita munhu anthropology kwouzivi ari kufunga kwevanhu. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro munhu anogona kuchinja pachavo uye nyika kunogona kuwanikwa aunganidza vaunganidza ruzivo rwevanhu pachake.

Sight kuburikidza nguva

Kare ruzivo yakanga nezvezvaiitwawo hunhu uye pezvakasikwa, kuMiddle Ages, vanhu vave chikamu Mwari akarayira kuvakwa wenyika. Kuvhenekerwa akaita Ndokumisapo ane pfungwa mhedziso dzevanhu, zvichiita kuti anzwe nokuziva nyaya.

Chitarisiko yaDarwin mafungiro chinotungamirwa kurutivi zvakadzama ruzivo zvipenyu kwevanhu, uye pakupedzisira, muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvose izvi kuitwa zvakachinjwa kuva chirango itsva - anthropology kwouzivi.

Ndingaitei kupindura kuti anoita anthropology kwouzivi iri kunzwisisa womunhu? Its muvambi, Max Scheler akariisa pachiitiko ichi, kwete pasina humour: "Zvino vanhu asisiri anoziva zvaari, asi iye ari kuti kuudzwa."