Max Scheler. Philosophical anthropology ya Max Scheler

Max Scheler akaberekwa uye akararama munguva yekushungurudzika kwehupenyu hwevanhu munyika, izvo zvakaguma nekuvandudza uye hondo. Nhoroondo yake yepanyika yakakanganiswa nedzidziso dzevanyori veGermany vaifunga, vane pfungwa dzaakaonana semudzidzi. Iye pachake akava kuzivikanwa maererano nefilosofi yake yeanthropology, yaakafunga mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake.

Nyaya yacho inopa ruzivo pamusoro pehupenyu hwemuzivi, hupenyu hwake, mararamiro ake ekusika nekutsvaga kwake kwefilosofi.

Brief biography

Mumwe muzivi wechiGermany ainzi Max Scheler akaberekwa musi waAugust 22, 1874 muMunich. Amai vake, Sophia, vakanga vakagamuchirwa chechiJudha. Baba, Gottlieb - Chipurotesitendi.

Pazera remakore makumi maviri, wechidiki Max akapedza chikoro chesekondari uye akatanga zvidzidzo zvake zvakare kumayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana munyika:

• Kudzidza mishonga, filosofi, mupfungwa mumun Munich;
• Sociology uye uzivi waSimmel naDilthey muBerlin;
• Unyanzvi hwaOiken naLiebman;
• Pfuma yepasi pe Peerstorf;
• Geography yeRefel;
• Anodzivirira tsananguro pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaAiken;
• Anotora internship paYunivhesiti yeHeidelberg;
• Inotanga kushanda paYunivhesiti yeJena.

MunaSeptember 1899, akachinja chitendero chake, achigamuchira Katurike. Muna 1902 kuzivikanwa kwake naHusserl kwakaitika.

Nyanzvi yezivi yakadzidziswa mumayunivhesiti akasiyana enyika. Izvo zvakafanana nebasa rake. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana akadzidzisa pamayunivhesiti eNunich, Göttingen, Cologne, Frankfurt. Akasimuka pahofisi yepurofesa. Munguva ino akanyora uye akaparidzira zvizhinji zvebasa rake rezvesayenzi.

Rufu rwakamuwana muFrankfurt musi waMay 19, 1928. Mutumbi wakavigwa kuSouth Cemetery yeCologne.

Upenyu hwega

Nokuda kwehupenyu hwake, Scheler akaroorwa nepamutemo katatu. Mudzimai wake wokutanga aiva Amelia Ottilia, waakaroora muna 1899. Kubva pamuchato wavo, mukomana Wolfgang akaberekwa muna 1906. Mushure memakore gumi nematatu ehupenyu, Max Scheler anoramba uye anoroora Maria Furtwangler.

Muna 1920, akasangana naMaria Neca, asi nemukadzi wake wechipiri, akarambana muna 1923 chete. Gore rakatevera, achabvumira ukama hwake naishekadzi wake, uyo, vhiki mushure mokufa kwake, achamupa mwanakomana waMax Georg. Iye achagadzira zvakare nekuparidzira mabasa akaunganidzwa eGermany thinker mushure mekufa kwake.

Masiteji ekuumba

Vanotsvakurudza nzira yekusika yefilosofi vanosiyanisa zvikamu zviviri zvikuru. Pakutanga kwavo, Max Scheler anoongorora mibvunzo inobatana nemitemo, manzwiro, uye chitendero. Iyi nguva yakagara kusvikira munenge muna 1922. Panguva iyoyo iye akanyatsokurukurirana naHusserl.

Chikamu chechipiri chakaguma kusvikira pakufa kwesainzi, akanga akazvipira mukurapa UMwari seusina kupera, sechimwe chinhu chinopinda nenzira yekuve pamwe pamwe nezvose zvakasikwa uye nhoroondo yevanhu.

Nemibvunzo iyo yakavhenekera muzivi mubasa rake, unogona kuona nekudzidza mabasa ake. Shanduro yavo kubva kuGerman kusvika muchiRussia ichabatsira vanhu vanotaura chiRussia.

Basa guru

Imwe yemabasa eScler yakakurumbira ndeye mhinduro yake kuna Heidegger, "Mamiriro evanhu mu Space." Mariri, akasimbisa kukosha kwekuumbwa kwefilosofi anthropology, iyo yaizova senzi inokosha yezvinyorwa zvevanhu.

Kwenguva yokutanga iye achazviziva nemafungiro aya muna 1927 mu "Chikoro cheUchenjeri" chiripo nekubatsirwa kwehupoti "Mamiriro Akakosha evanhu", ayo achazogadziriswa uye kutumidzwa zvakare.

Mubasa, iro rine shanduro yaro kubva kuGermany kusvika muchiRussia, munyori anoona munhu sechikamu chehupenyu. Bhuku racho rinotaura nezvekupedzisira kwebasa rekufunga.

Philosophical Anthropology

Max Scheler anonyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekukosha kwevanhu. Akatsvaka kupindura mubvunzo uyu: chii munhu? Mufumi akaziva kuti kuwana mhinduro kwakaoma, nokuti munhu akawandisa uye akasiyana-siyana kuti awane tsanangudzo kwaari.

Pfungwa yake yakaumbwa munguva dzechisimba zvehukama hwevanhu, apo nyika yakazununguswa nehondo dzine ropa. Uye rudzi rweGermany rwakanga rwakaita sezviitiko izvi. Scheler Max, ayo mabhuku anozivikanwa pasi pose, akazviisa basa rekudzidzira dzidziso inogona kugadzirisa zvinetso zvepanyika zvakaoma. Akatsvaga kuwana sarudzo yevanhu vake.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chekuongorora kwake kwevanhu ndechekusimbisa kwekukakavadzana kumwe mukati mevanhu vemunyika. Nyanzvi iyi yakasarudza kubva kumarudzi maviri emitambo yaive iri muWest Europe anthropology, kusarudza pfungwa yekunyadzisa panzvimbo yekutadza. Panguva imwe chete aidavira kuti sangano remazuva ano rinodiwa rinoda zvibayiro zvikuru kubva kune zvinodiwa zvevanhu zvepanyama. Akadana chiitiko ichi kudarika pfungwa.

Mukuona kwake, munhu anofanira kumunzwisisa nekuona kusagadzikana kwake muhutano hwekuve. Anofanira kuzadzisa basa rake mune izvi zvakabatanidzwa uye ane basa guru. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvevanhu vemazuva ano, aida mutoro wevanhu vose nekuda kwekugara kwevanhu.