Chii chaiwo senhetembo? Zvaiitika

senhetembo yakarurama inomirira madimbu post-rova nouwandu mavhawero uye nemavara. The zvakawanda enzanirana ichirira, dzakanga kururama. Somuenzaniso, kwakakwana mikana yakadai se "mbiya - pasi", "Mugwagwa-huku", "kutiza - fema" etc. Rifma vaiona yakakwana kana paine masanga zviviri kana kupfuura mitinhimira ... The masanga ane nzvanyira hazvivakwani. Saka, vaviri "zviri - mweya" haasi senhetembo, asi "zviri - mwedzi" - iri.

Senhetembo handizvo ndiyo nyaya zvinongoitikawo (dzimwe nguva maviri) mazwi. It kunoratidzwa musiyano inorira emakonzonendi vari unstressed mabhii mumutsara harinzwi. Slant senhetembo ari nhetembo kunogona zvikuru kupfuura yakarurama. Hazvisi kushayikwa kwemabasa - zvikuru kudaro, sezvo slant senhetembo iri zvikuru munoshongedza mabhii, kuti zvimwe siyana, "padenga - I kunzwa", "manheru - pamafudzi" uye vamwe.

Phonetic uye kwakajeka nemazvo

Phonetically senhetembo yakarurama chinoreva sungano akasimbisa nzvanyira inzwi kusvika kumagumo ndima.

Yakanyatsotsanangura zvinonyatsochengeta senhetembo anonzi kana pane masanga kuwedzera manzwi tsamba.

Somuenzaniso, mashoko senhetembo "mhepo - mufananidzo" ndiyo chete phonetically yakarurama, nepo senhetembo "mhepo - mubayiro" kana "kamhepo - vhundutsa" yakarurama mune zvose pfungwa.

akapfuma senhetembo

chimiro ichi zvinoitika kana pane mutambo pretonic (bhuku) nzvanyira. Rich varume vanoonekwa kuti senhetembo (madudziro emazwi pazuva rokupedzisira mabhii): "Mvura - Mika," "iwe - Neva"; Kusiyana vakadzi (madudziro emazwi pamusoro Penultimate mabhii): - ". Shoko - zvakare" "mvura vakasununguka",

Chaiwo senhetembo mu Russian dzenhoroondo nhetembo

Russian mabhuku classicism yambokurukurwa muna XVIII-pakutanga. XIX emakore. uye dzinoratidzwa mukuru pasi, kwokuomerwa manyorerwo uye pakusika zvimwe mifananidzo yakanaka. Mutsindo vamiriri ichi muitiro vaiva G. R. Derzhavin, AP Sumarokov, M. V. Lomonosov uye Di Fonvizin. Ndeipi chaiwo senhetembo mu classicist enhetembo tsika? Kutanga nhetembo A. D. Kantemira uye mangwanani basa G. R. Derzhavina (XVIII remakore) Russian nhetembo ndiko anokudzwa yakanyatsotsanangura chaiwo nekudetemberwa:

"Kana panguva ino haangazorori

Calendar uye magamba; vanhu kuoma nechando

Bradobritiem uye zvose busurmanskim hasha,

Regai kuenda yekare tsika dzamadzibaba kurudyi "

(A. D. Kantemir "Mamiriro ino. To zuva").

dzimwe nguva zvimwe madiro vanobvumirwa, asi zvakawanda muchimiro zvagara. (. Pakutanga XIX remakore) Zvisinei, manheru Derzhavin anopa tsika rhyming dzekare kumwedzi:

"Mwari wangu! Ipai mambo kururamisira kwako

Uye Tsarevo mwanakomana chokwadi,

Hongu, vanhu vachaitwa vakashumira

Uye kudzivirira uye mubairo.

(GR Derzhavin "Nhanganyaya Solomon pakutonga," 1979).

Mumwe muenzaniso:

"Verb sim akadedera rakadzikadzika

Kuburikidza rakadzikadzika undergroun

With Dzomoto zororo kuda kufa "

(GR Derzhavin "fission Sauro," 1809).

Ndeipi chaiwo senhetembo ari muenzaniso uyu? Tinoona predominance pamusoro phonetically yakarurama senhetembo pamusoro Graphics, ukuwo hakuna senhetembo: - ". Chokwadi - mubayiro" "Dzakapanduka chinhu pachivande 'uye Derzhavin Vatsigiri vamwe innovator pamusoro wokufananidzira kwemanyorero wakatizve achibva dzekare kunzwisisa senhetembo. Panguva iyo nyanduri mabhii, kunyange akasiyana-siyana yainetsa mhando, zvisinei, zvinoramba zvichitowedzera kukosha yakadzama uye yepakutanga kupfuura Derzhavin vamutangira.

Wokufananidzira tsika XIX remakore

Russian nhetembo XIX remakore haritsigiri Carta Derzhavin uye anoramba kuomerera kutsika classicism, pachena pakutsanangura chii chaiyo senhetembo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakutanga kwezana remakore VA Zhukovsky uye A. S. Pushkin akabvumira mumwe rusununguko enhetembo - zvimwe zvishomanana zvarakasiya kubva chaiyo kumagumo harmonies. Somuenzaniso, maererano truncation "fung" kwokupedzisira kurira "Eugene - mumvuri" "mutero - vachirumbidza?"; nokuda senhetembo ruzha yokupedzisira "r-X": "mumwe - Mweya", uye vamwe.

Yechipiri yezana XIX fung remakore ane yakaderera stringency kururama senhetembo. Somuenzaniso, akabvumira harmonies kuridza "Y" uye "s", "kurwara - kuda", "dzoUmambo - mutsvuku" (N. A. Nekrasov, A. A. Fet); consonance homogeneous vataura uye unvoiced ruzha "gaffe - nokungwaririra" (NA Nekrasov), etc.

Poetry remakore rechimakumi maviri

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, mumwe muitiro mutsva mu nhetembo - rhyming dzakasiyana-siyana kutaura. Uyewo, pane kuchinja versification mita nomumwe pfupi enhetembo zvimedu nokuda saizi. Uyewo, slant senhetembo kuri akakurumbira zvikuru, "mwaranzi - kupingudza" (A. A. Ahmatova), "mhepo - munyika" (AA Blok). Chii chaiyo senhetembo kuti nhetembo ari Silver Age? Panguva iyi, vakawanda zvitsva siyana vari zvichiitika nekudetemberwa - raznoudarnyh, raznoslovnyh uye dissonasnyh.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvakagadzirwa izvi kune rumwe rutivi, zvabatsira Russian wokufananidzira pfungwa zvikuru, Ukuwo, izvozvo zvingaita kuti chakakura mabhuku nenyonganyonga. Somunhu pakuronga muripo vafumiswa chaiwo senhetembo shoko (iri tsika enhetembo Sumarokovo chikoro), rumutsiriro iyo kwakaitika muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

In prosody ano chero senhetembo - yakarurama uye kururama zvakafanana - kungava kwakakodzera kuti mumwe chigadzirwa nhetembo. Inonzwisisika tinyatsonzwisisa zvinodiwa umwe siyana idzi nhetembo hakusisipo.