Vitebsk, vagari: kwemadzinza sezvamunoita uye zvakawanda

Vagari Vitebsk vanhu vanenge 369 000, izvo zvinoita kuti guta kutora nzvimbo chechina tichitarisa chevanhu vari Belarus. Recent Data wataurwa pamutemo nzvimbo Vitebsk Regional Executive Committee, kuziva mapatani kuti nhamba ravaIndia vanhu iri kuderera, asi uwandu dzimwe zvizvarwa avo kune muguta wechigarire dzokugara inowedzerawo.

Zvino mumaguta dunhu nedunhu musha anenge 100 vemarudzi. dzinza sezvamunoita kwakadaro siyana akaita chisarudzo pamusoro pakagadzwa shamwari yenyika. Muguta pane mamiriro ezvinhu kuchengetedzwa uye kukura tsika kuti vashoma National. Zvakananga Vitebsk dzakabuda National batanidzo kwakadaro:

• Russian;
• Ukrainian;
• Roma;
• European;
• WokuLatvia.

Key basa date neshamwari - norudo uye vagare zvakanaka, pamutemo uye mamwe rubatsiro vokumusha, uyewo dzidzo netsika vemunyika.

Vagari emuchina chavagari Vitebsk

mashoko okutanga pamusoro yevagari uye uwandu kuoneka gumi nemanomwe remakore rokutanga. Saka, muna 1641 muguta akanga vanenge zviuru gumi Estates. Uye nhamba yevanhu vanogara mumaguta muruwa, nechekare panguva iyoyo yaiva vanhu zvishoma pane zviuru gumi.

The kumhanyisa zvokuwedzera kwevanhu vakaramba kusvikira First World War, apo vagari yakanga vagere zana namakumi mapfumbamwe zviuru. Asi munguva yehondo guta Vitebsk uye vagari vemo vakatambura munhu uye zvinhu zvikuru nezvinhu, izvo zvakaita kuti zvinokosha zvinoderedza kwenhamba vagari. Saka, zvakanga vanhu 100 zviuru, uye 1920 tawira 80 000 muna 1917, vagari Vitebsk. Pashure vakawanda vomunyika rakatanga kukura. Hondo Yenyika II isati vaigara muguta anenge 170 zviuru vanhu.

Ko yakadereresa nenhanho vemo hwakanyorwa munguva yehondo uye basa. Nguva iyi sechinhu chinonetsa: anokanda vanhu, rufu vagari mumisasa yevasungwa, kutapa kuti vanhuwo zvavo nokuda rokumanikidzirwa ...

Asi dzakaoma apfuura. On kuyeukwa muguta, kureva Mireniyamu pamusoro Vitebsk, iyo yakaitwa 1974, vagari kare vanhu 270,000. By kuparara Soviet Union, kuti vanhu Vitebsk akatanga kusviba zvakare.

National Zvinoumba Vitebsk

The mashoko okutanga ari madzinza Zvinoumba vemo muna Vitebsk dzakabuda munguva okuverengwa iri Russian mamiriro muna 1897. Mhedziso pamusoro urudzi pakati vakabvunzwa vakatakura mumutauro waamai. Statistics akaitawo achishandisa migumisiro kuongorora pamusoro chitendero uye makirasi vanhu.

Maererano 1641, iro rinotaura initials ari vakabvunzwa (more aliases uye nicknames varidzi Estates), zvakanakira vanhu vaiva zvizvarwa vanhu - Belarusians. Mukuwedzera, yevagari vave chinozivikanwa vamiririri Russian wehurumende. Hapana matunhu, kuti nokungoona mutauro yokukurukurirana hwezuva nezuva uye chitendero, apo isiri kuvaJudha. Sezvo zvinogona kuonekwa, muna Vitebsk izvozvo akaona pasina kuvaJudha, asi kumwewo yakaratidza kuti vachiri vaigara munharaunda diki, uye kunyange vakabatsira kwokudzivirira mamiriro eRussia muna ra1654.

The vakawanda Verenga Russian Empire wokutanga

The National Zvinoumba Guta kutanga kuzivikanwa panguva vakawanda akaverenga vanhu yeRussian Empire (1897 years). Zvisinei, nokuda kusavapo mbiru "zvitupa", mapepa acho akanyora nyika, kunobva mai rurimi vakabvunzwa vomunyika yacho. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, mashoko aya ha- kuratidza mufananidzo chaiwo, nekuti pamazuva iwayo, vagari vazhinji rinonzi rurimi rwaamai mutauro pendudzi.

Pahwaro nenhamba vakawana pakutanga vakawanda kuverenga (1897), akaberekwa Kuongorora National Kuronga guta. The Data dzinoturwa ave chikamu makirasi siyana, munharaunda dzomumaguta ugari. Nokudaro, madzinza Zvinoumba Vitebsk akapa zvinotevera mashoko:

• VaJudha anoumbwa 50% yevanhu;
• mugove Russian chakaita kuti 29%;
• Belarusians vaiva 12%;
• Matanda akaita 5%;
• German Vitebsk vakanga chete 1.5%;
• Vanhu vakabata mutauro wokuLatvia wakanga zvishoma kupfuura 1%;
• Lithuanian - asingasviki 0.1%.

The mutauro vokuparidzira guta

Pahwaro vagari 'okuverengwa (2009), mai rurimi vakawanda vanogara akavhotera muna Vitebsk Russian (60.5% of nhamba vagari vaigara muguta). Pakuva mutauro Belarusian yakanga anenge matatu-mana muzana. The Zvinoumba munhu asina mutauro womunyika kana vanhu vane ruzivo mimwe mitauro, rinosanganisira mashanu nehafu muzana yevagari.

Kana isu kufungawo chokwadi, mune mitauro dzinokurukurirana vagari muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, unogona kuvimba zvinotevera mashoko:

• nhamba yevanhu inotaura muna Russian pamba, ndiyo anenge 92% of zvachose kwevanhu;
• Belarusian mutauro akashandiswa anenge 3% kubva dzomumaguta vagari;
• vanhu vanotaura mimwe mitauro kana akaramba achiratidza mutauro koshesa yokukurukurirana, kumusoro 5.5%.

mutauro Chechipiri, iyo dzinounzwa vazhinji vemo, ari Belarusian - 24.6% (avo vari pamba anotaura Russian) uye Russian - 1,5%.

Fund evanhu kudzivirira vanhu veguta Vitebsk

Social Protection Fund inopa vemo anoverengeka evanhu mabasa. Nzira iyo mabasa anopiwa evanhu kudzivirira vagari:

• Urongwa pensions chero rudzi;
• kugadzwa nemiviri makomborero, pakurera vana;
• kutsigira vagari vari kutsvaka basa;
• pokugadzwa shoma zvaanoda mubhadharo;
• rubatsiro mukushandisa kuti kumabasa vagari uyo basa idambudziko;
• kuonekwa uye kubviswa nekukasika kuti akakanganisa utano uye kuchengeteka.

Mhuri kana vabereki vari voga, magariro zvinotaurwa inopiwa pachishandiswa paminiti capita mari mumakore gumi mwedzi.

Hurumende inogona kubatsira vagari vari vanozviwana vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kukanganisa mabasa mabasa nezuva uye chiso. Kubhadhara dzinoitwa kuti vanotambura mumagariro akaturikidzana vemo.

Social kubatsirwa inopiwa kune vagari kuti yevana, riri basa kuti mwero vakaremara kana vanhu vasiri vanoda mabasa chehondo wechitatu, asi vachida mishonga, maererano kuongorora zvokurapa.

Current mamiriro uye vagari Vitebsk

Muna January 1, 2017 kuti vanhu Vitebsk ndiyo 369.9 zviuru. People. Mushure kuderera refu kwenhamba vagere muguta pakupedzisira akatanga kukura ari vachiwana kumhanya. vagari Vazhinji Belarusians (80%), zvishoma zvishoma pane upenyu mu Vitebsk Russian (12.7%) uye Ukrainians (1.3%). Pakati vamiririri vedzimwe nyika kupfuura vakawanda ndivo vaJudha uye Poles. Nhasi paRussian achitaura 60% vaigara Vitebsk, Belarus akadana hama 33,8%, mimwe mitauro (kana Unknown mai rurimi) - 5.6%.

Guta muzvikamu zvitatu administrative maruwa. Mukuwedzera, dunhu madhorobha chinosanganisira musha matatu nemazororo veko vari kutenga anamapako uye kuvaka nyika dzimba. Historical, mabhizimisi uye zvetsika peguta ndiyo Oktyabrsky dunhu, apo nokuti vakawanda matunhu neminisiparati masangano. Zvivako Industrial vari dzichiitika kunyanya munharaunda Railway, izvo kunosanganisirawo pamusoro Republic nemisha. Pervomaisky dunhu - munhu akarara dzokugara, kunyarara dzinoungana, girini anovaraidza uye kwezvivako. Kare, munzvimbo dziri dzoga ne arrays maviri akatsaurwa nenzizi Western Dvina uye Luchesa.

Modern Vitebsk - guta mitambo. Gore negore, zvinotora nzvimbo pamusoro zviitiko makumi tsika. The chinokosha ndiye "necheSalvic Bazaar".

Guta rine zvikoro zvakawanda rokudzidzisa. Ruzhinji yechipiri zvikoro (38), girama (9) uye muzvikoro (5) Colleges (11), kindergartens (93). Masangano ose dzakakwirira kwevari shanu chete, asi muna Vitebsk ndeimwe pakukura zvokurapa Africa, chete Belarusian yunivhesiti, iyo inobereka Veterinarians. Zvikurukuru yakatanga zvakanaka dzidzo masangano uye mitambo zvivako, nekuti kunze kwakajairika gyms, kumayunivhesiti uye zvikoro vane swimming madziva, gymnastic maguta maduku uye mitambo nhandare.