Chii mavambo mabasa Lermontov

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov anonzi mumwe havaoni kuti Golden Age mabhuku Russian. Mumabhuku ake, akadzidza Chekhov uye NdiTolstoy, nhetembo dzake vakafuridzirwa Bunin uye Akhmatova. Ugone shoko fascinates muverengi nhasi, kuisa soro pakapuranga munhu anofunga kuti iye pachake ane munyori Russian.

The gamba nguva yake

Lermontov - mudetembi Nguva mabhuku kukura simba kupfuura uye kwoutsinye enyika kuita. Its akapfuma nhaka uye chikuru mabhuku mabasa upenyu zvinoenderana makore gumi navapfumbamwe remakore. Thirties - nguva ino, pfungwa harityisi, joyless pfungwa nezveramangwana, kuramba uye kuzvidemba. Panguva ino, pachine maitiro kuti kukundwa pakati Decembrists, kuipandukira, akataura muna 1825.

Society uchitsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti zvokuita, kwete kutora kusvikira pakuguma chinorwadza nehurumende itsva muchiuto. Nicholas kutanga anopinda rechitatu bazi mapurisa epachivande, kusenza iri pasi shoko ose, machinda vakapiswa mazita. chaizvoizvo zvose izvi zviri kurambwa wechiduku zvachose. Yakakwana uye kuramba tiri chikamu uzivi itsva, iyo inomira nenzira duku Michael.

The duality mabhuku

The mabhuku rinotsigira realism, izvo anodya pamusoro mavambo ose okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov. Russian realism inoshamisa ichawedzerwa ayo rokupikisa - romanticism. Uye ndiye tenzi muduku mashoko ari oga anogona chokubatanidza izvi mirayiridzo mbiri, nokusika ounyanzvi munhetembo, mitambo, prose.

Kuzvarwa enhetembo mutambi

Poetry muna Lermontov vatsvakurudzi rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: uduku uye munhu mukuru. Artistic mufananidzo pamusoro lyrical gamba ane yakajeka nomumwe hunhu unhu wechipfuwo dzorudo, takapoteredzwa kunze nyika.

Apo Michael akafemerwa nemabasa Byron, magamba ake ndiwane zvakawanda idealized. Gare gare, iye anowana nzira yake, iyo pane tsaona rudo mutsetse uye hapana ushamwari. Life anoratidzwa muchimiro pfungwa chete. kweshoko iri rakasiyana kubva Pushkin.

Mumwoyo makakatanwa nhema dema gore kuRussia, izvo zvinopesana maonero rwokudanana gamba. Saka, chokwadi chinorwadza rinotanga kudzora dzakaonda rwomumwoyo lyrical nyika. In kunetsana ichi anozvarwa tsaona mavambo pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu M. Yu. Lermontova. Uye mumakore, kupesana ino chete kuwedzera. Izvi zvinofanira kupa mashoko orwiyo netariro uye kusava nechokwadi kuti vakachengeta nemabasa mamwe Classics akadai Baratynsky. Zvisinei, "munhu womukati" Lermontov mberi kwayo inofamba uye kukura, akazvipira zvepamusoro tsika. Ndiyo imwe chepfungwa nyanduri.

Kusurukirwa mabasa Lermontov - inzira kudzorera zvakanakanaka mweya wake. Lyrical zvinangwa sokuti tyisa kune munyori, anotaura kuti "rudo wokumwe" nokuda nyika, akati haana kusikirwa kuti vanhu. Lyric haisi asinganyatsonzwisisi vanhu vanofunga ari kutsvaka izvozvo zvakananga.

Nzira nyanduri, anogara kunze evanhu mafaro, akanga rakarondedzerwa Pushkin. Asi nhetembo dingindira nemabasa Lermontov anoita mu Russian lyric Nhaurirano "murume womukati". Pfungwa iyi wakatangwa Belinsky kureva kuti lyrical. Kuvapo kwake - ane nzira itsva chepfungwa ramangwana Chirevo, nekuti mufananidzo enhetembo hunhu pamusoro nguva kuva chiratidzo.

zvemukati imagism

Rinotanga ane unyanzvi dimikira hunhu Lermontov kuti nhetembo. Zvakakwana kuyeuka "nechikepe" muna 1832. Chete nzira munyori anoshandisa iri nhetembo "The Rock," "Tuchkov wokudenga," "Mumazuva Wild North" uye zvichingodaro.

Life uye basa Lermontov rusununguko yakazara motifs kurwisana kuda, okuyeuka kusingaperi uye kukanganwa, kuvhiringidzika, uye rudo, kutsoropodza uye rugare, pasi uye denga. nyaya vose interconnected uye zvakanyatsobatana mumwe, nei kuumba multi-faceted zvinoyevedza werudzii nemunyori.

Belinsky akarondedzera nyanduri lyric somunhu vachivhaira nokuti akamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro kodzero wacho, iko kutapwa uye netsika. Zvisinei, mutsoropodzi rinoti kuti izvi misoro haifi uye nguva dzose kudiwa.

The mavambo mutauro

The mavambo mutauro Lermontov iri zvakanakisisa kunzwisiswa, kuongorora basa rake. Muna detembo "nechikepe" - kuratidza kusuruvara, kurwadziwa, vakamirira dutu mupfungwa hondo. Muchiitiko chino, zviri kujeka chii chaizvo chinoitika hondo iyi, zviri kujeka zvaanotaura kutungamirira.

Mashoko "Maiwe! Iye haasi kutsvaka mufaro "tora yakasimba kufamba kuguma chinzvimbo rechiito. "Uye kwete rombo, iye anomhanya" - ndechimwe kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro muzinda basa. Zvakaratidza kuti tichirwisa kufunganya kwepfungwa - nayo shamwari mukutsvaga munhu haungambofari yakanaka, kurambirwa mberi.

"Nechikepe" - rudzi richiswedera rikava nyika yacho munyori, muenzaniso paunogona kuona kusiyana okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov. kupikiswa Romantic kurasikirwa harmonic kuvimbika wacho zvachose.

Somuenzaniso, miviri dzakaipa mumutsara "Kwete, kwete imi saka achinyatsokumbira Ndinoda" kutaura kunzwa uye kunotsvaka mikana kubvisa rudo makakatanwa. The mavambo pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov - inzira kusimudza munhu pamusoro kupokanidzana upenyu, pane vanoshamba nayo apesane sezvo zvingaita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. Kunyange shingirira hondo youpenyu norufu mumabasa ake kunokwidza munhu mweya pamusoro ezvinhu.

Kunzvaira mweya "kumunhu womukati"

Enhetembo mutauro nhetembo akataura nyika rwomukati munhu kwokupandukira gamba. "Kufirwa nyanduri", "Palms Three", "Cossack lullaby", "Hero Chenguva Yedu" - a pathetic makakatanwa uye wokusagadzikana. Mitsetse zvose zvinoshamisa zvakajeka uye zvakarurama kwemashoko. Izvi, zvakare, rinosimbisa duality Nyanduri tsika.

A kuwanda dzinopesana zvarinoreva ikashandiswa mune zvikamu zvitatu sangano zvipfupi zviri quatrains matatu uye nhetembo "nechikepe". Quatrains dzinoumba vanamwari vatatu vatatu, ndima yechipiri akasiyana wokutanga, asi wechitatu otorazve consonance.

Slim zvikamu zvitatu chimiro anobvumira kugadzirisa kupikisana zvinopindirana chaizvo, zvichida kunze. It chinobatanidza zvinyorwa zvokupikisa yomukati, uye kunetsana uye voga ane muganhu zvakafanana yokunze.

The kwemasvomhu nemazvo wenhetembo

The kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro Pechorin "Princess Mary" akadura muhondo wacho uye nzanga, zvokuti pane dzimwe kuzvipokanidza. Muhurukuro Petchorin akaratidza dzakawanda zvinyorwa zvokupikisa uye zvakakwana zvakanaka akavaka senhetembo. Lermontov anosimbisa kutsanangurika quatrains nyora apo humwewo nokuputsanya uye muura.

chimiro ichi anotarira kuomarara nezvounhu iri revadzidzi miganhu, anoratidza kusingachamisiki mweya simba uye simba racho.

Kufunga pamusoro mavambo pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov kunotungamirira imwe mhedziso pamusoro peculiarities vake mutauro lyrical. Kufungidzira kuti painter shoko - ndiro unyanzvi raakarwa anogona kutsanangura nyika yevanhu yomukati, uye hwepanyama nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana.

Panyaya iyi, hwaro nhaka yake zvose wokufananidzira ndiro dingindira kusurukirwa. Shoko "mumwe" - iri shoko rinonyanya kukosha mumutauro nemunyori. Inside gamba nguva dzose nekutsvaga kwazvo simba mumabhatiri somugumisiro nokumunyima zvavo upenyu wayo zviduku nokuchiva, nekusabatana vanhu. Kusurukirwa Lermontov vakazadzwa irrepressible chokuzvizadzika yakanaka vakabatana upenyu, kuvimbika uye kuwirirana kwenyika.

Music shoko

tenzi mabhii marimba chaizvo, uye ake prose ane intonation rinonzwika akaratidza muhurukuro rhythmically vakarongeka. Yaiva nguva yokutanga anova trisyllabic saizi kuti hazvina kushanda zvakadaro chikero vamutangira, kunyange Pushkin pamberi.

Poetry muna Lermontov azere dzakasiyana-siyana yokudzokorora., mutinhimira dzokuAustralia, zvemukati zvinovhiringidza mutinhimira-syntactic uye kunyatsoomerera symmetry, zvakajeka akatevedzana. Huge voltages ashandurire kupinda shingirira zvichiratidza confessional kana rinosiyaniswa mutsva kutanga zvakananga goho ukoshi. Somuenzaniso, mutsara pamusoro upenyu kuti "kuongorora inotonhora" anova maturo uye benzi chinosekesa.

Nhasi, kunyanya kudzidza yakatodzama kusurukirwa Lermontov. The kunyora chero mhando pasi yemunyori chakakomba kunyorwa nezvawo. Romantic rwokuyera nyanduri akaratidza kunzwisisa mubatanidzwa akasiyana Genres uye maitiro kutaura. About vevatambi vari "Hero Chenguva Yedu" Belinsky akanyora kuti munyori aikwanisa zvokudetemba kuratidza kunyange nyore zvinonyadzisa mutauro Maksima Maksimycha hwezvaizoitika zviitiko. It akapa Zvinoonekwa kuupenyu tsika mutambo uye pathos.

Vanhu manzwi sezvo soro chinzvimbo nhetembo

Life uye basa Lermontov chokuita ngano. By vanhu mararamiro anotarisana dzakaunganidzwa 1840. "Rwiyo pamusoro chevaux Ivan Vasilyevich, wechiduku Varindi uye swashbuckling Merchant Kalashnikov" anosikwa manyorero Russian zvavo nhetembo. In "Field Borodino" kudanana musoja rants Papera wazova mukutaura mu "Borodino". Pano, zvakare, pamuromo vacho seari rakasiyana yepakutanga inopandukira hunhu nemunyori. Lermontov uye ipapo anoramba iye anotaurawo pacharo munyika kworudo rwake nokuda Yababa. Vanhu kutaura pasi Nyanduri yakanga pakukwana soro chinzvimbo nhetembo.

The mavambo pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov akaita mupiro chisingarambiki kuti kukura mutauro hwokudhirowa. Mutsoropodzi Vinogradov akatsanangura chokuti Nyanduri yasarudzwa yepakutanga manyorero Achishandisa Russian uye Western nhetembo. Pamharadzano dzenzira mutsika dzakasiyana anosika itsva siyana mabhuku okuti kuti mberi tsika Pushkin.

Dzidza kuti mutauro Lermontov raMwari

mutauro Lermontov ane simba rokuchinja vanyori akazotevera Russian. It vakachera rakafuridzirwa kubva Nekrasov, Blok, NdiTolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Chekhov akamboti kuti mutauro Lermontov aifanira nekukatanura akafanana muchikoro kudzidza kunyora. In maonero ake, hapana mutauro nani. Mabasa kusiiwa Mihailom Yurevichem - a ugone shoko rechokwadi.

Kusarudzwa kana kunzwisisa?

Mabasa munyori, ingava prose kana detembo, napolnnyayut kutsvaka yomudzimu chokwadi, nyota basa, kuti idealization pamusoro mifananidzo rudo uye runako. Murume mukati anotsvaka aberekwa zvechokwadi, kuva munhu, kuti asimbise pachavo somunhu. Nokuti ichi akagadzirira kugamuchira yose, kugumisa muchipfuva zvose zvakasikwa nyeredzi dzaro. Anotsvaka anobatana zvakasikwa uye "vanhu vanhuwo", asi anoona pachake somunhu muupenyu chokuita sarudzo, nokudaro kusurukirwa kunyange zvakawanda.

Kusurukirwa Lermontov

Zvakanyorwa nomudzimu "nyika kutambudzwa mufambi" ari mudetembi muduku lyric inorondedzera kusurukirwa somubayiro. Mumakore akazotevera - asi, ndiwo mutoro, kufinhwa, izvo pakupedzisira kupa katsamba njodzi. mabasa ake anobudisa pfungwa imwe chete munhu panyika yose.

Saka pane gamba, paakabvunza nechiteshi yakadaro nokuda mweya womunhu, kufanana rudo, ushamwari, kuzvininipisa. Lermontov kwakaita gamba stung nyonganyonga ake. Anosuwa dzimwe balls takapoteredzwa motley revanhu rakamupoteredza chudyatsya hanya vanhu "undere rakasungirwa Masiki."

Kuti abvise joko soulless hunhu kuwedzera kune vana Zvakaitika. Lermontov pane chido, sezvinoita mwana, pakushora nyika, Achabvambura masiki pamusoro pevamwe, kuti afumure revanhu.

Kusurukirwa rinotsanangura chinhu zvokunyaradza maturo. Mwoyo munharaunda, pfungwa, ari manzwiro kusuwa uye dekadanstvo chairwo vaduku thirties. Political Kurambidzwa kuurayiwa nezvido Kushandurwa magariro wechokwadi uye kune yepachivande upenyu. Hapana tariro kuwana mufaro wechokwadi, rudo, ushamwari, kuzvicheka-Kuziva. Akakurumbira "nechikepe", iro nguva dzose oga gungwa guru - muenzaniso manzwiro muduku chizvarwa iyoyo wakajeka.

Human kwomurume kusimba, asi rudo indivisible - zvinonzi, "The Rock", "Mune Wild North ...", "Leaf".

Pashure kumukira Decembrists munyika anotanga enyika simba maitiro. The chokwadi inoita kuti rudzi rwakatsauka pakati thirties, kurwisana, noruvengo. Chikamu ichi pakati neururami uye chokwadi hazvigoni kugadziriswa murunyararo, izvi hazvigoni ayananiswe. yokurwisana mhinduro zvinogoneka chete somugumisiro rufu mumwe vemapato.

Kwakadaro munzanga Climate tigume Lermontov murume asi uve mudetembi, kumuvimbisa tsaona mugumo. Chinhu bedzi anopfuurira kufarira vanhu - ndiye munhu zvakanaka. Saka, nenzira akura nguva okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov vavariro zvikuru achifunga kushoropodza maumbirwo kwenzanga, achifumura kongiri uye nokukurumidza matambudziko. Anoda "asingatyi kukanda ndima simbi," uye anoita nguva dzose.

mudetembi afa

Lermontov blames rudzi aimlessness, vnurenney dongo, achichema njodzi Russia, panguva iyoyowo anozadza mabasa ake kushora uye ruvengo kune wake. . Okugadzira zvinhu M. Yu Lermontova - kupandukira aivapo hurongwa hwezvinhu.

Mune detembo kuti rufu Pushkina nyanduri transmits kunzwisisa coctail wokushora pfungwa iri yokugezera. Zvadaro pane kusuwa nokuyemurwa uye pfundepfunde. Pushkin basa Anonangana vazhinji, chimiro wechitatu - vacheme shasha nyanduri, branding paruzhinji. Lermontov blames chiedza kupondwa Pushkin, kuti Company achatuma ruoko muurayi wacho. Zvakare, Michael anopa gamba rake, Pushkin, kusurukirwa, kushorwa munyika.

"Kufirwa nyanduri" - mumwe mutero wokufananidzira shasha, uye kunze ndiko jumper munhau pejoinhi aumba uko chamazuva ose unyanzvi uye kunamata. Okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov - kuenderera nhoroondo rose chizvarwa, akatorwa kubva Pushkin. Inzwi vechiduku, kufungisisa nguva yemberi munyika, ayo ezvinhu akaoma, uye nenzira pacharo. Pushkin aiva zuva rudzi rwedu, asi kugona kana ndisingadi kuponesa.

mufananidzo uyu shasha pakati vaPygmy, vasingakwanisi kukanganwira, kuonga uye kuti rikanganise kudzivirira tsika dzavo. Mabasa Lermontov vakaberekwa pamharadzano dzenzira Manzwiro uye rationality. Clear, pfungwa zvikuru iri kurova mune tangle manzwiro uye kuzvipokanidza. Zviri weboka zvichirehwa pfungwa nyanduri uye murume, asi obedyayutsya mudetembi uye nhetembo. basa Lermontov kwakaita chatinokoshesa mumabhuku Russian, aendesa zvakadzama uye akapfuma zvinhu zvichiratidza ehurumende, nyika, nguva uye munhu mairi.

Nhamba yacho Maestro kuti nhetembo kwakunoitwa kukanganisika the artist uye nyika ukama. Rakanatswa iwe unowanzovapo kuvharwa panguva Iron Age mberi.

The basa

Nyanduri Lermontov - muporofita, kusekwa noruzhinji. On izvi zvinoratidza mu "The Muprofita" basa uye "nyanduri". Ichi kuenderera dingindira nhetembo muvanhu umo acho inowanzoshandiswa nokuda varaidzo, pane kushandisa chipo chake chaicho naMwari, kuti azadzise magumo ake. Saka tinosvika ino pamwe zvinorayirwa naMwari, zvaakanga kunounza vanhu.

Lyric anofanira kuudza munhu chokwadi, kuti afumure, kuzivisa runako uye rudo. Lermontov pfungwa, vanhu agozvidza muporofita. Manzwiro ino anodzoka revanhu nokubatsirwa nhetembo dzake. Saka, nhetembo ichichinja nyanduri wacho unokwezva ane basa. Kufanana chero mesiya, akanga ndakasurukirwa, kurambwa uye kunzwisisa.

Midzi kunetsana

Upenyu nebasa raMer Lermontov rakazara nekupesana. Anoberekerwa mumhuri umo kune nguva dzose kupesana kwevanoda. Kurwisana pakati pavo amai nababa, mbuya. Rufu rwemai uye kuputsika nababa muhucheche humwe humwe hutano hwekurwa, uko ukomana hwakanyarara hwakakundikana kurwisana nechokwadi chakaoma. Kupfeka bhora reNew Year, mbuya vaMisha, maererano nenyaya dzembuya vake, yakanga yakazarawo nemakakatanwa emukati.

Uye zvino, pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, "Dhimoni" risingafi "uye" vaSpanish "vanoberekwa, uye gore rakatevera rakakurumbira" Masquerade ". Zvinoratidzika kuti manzwiro akadaro sekusava nechokwadi kunorwadza, kushungurudzika kunotyisa, kutarisira kwekuguma kunopera, nyota yekusateerera, kwaive kwakasiyana nemhuri yose yemudetembi.

Kunongowanikwa kazhinji mumabasa omunyori wemweya mufaro uye tariro. Upenyu hwake hwakarondedzerwa nhetembo mbiri. Ichi ndicho "chinangwa chekurarama" uye "Sei ndisina kuberekwa."

Achinzwa nezvehutungamiri hwake, kusarudzwa kunoita kuti munyori weruzivo asarudze kuti ruzivo rwevanhu ruzivo rwakanaka. Yakatsanangurwa zvakakwana naMikhail Yuryevich Bryusov, achidudzira mudetembi muumbi asina kudzidza. Bryusov akaona unyanzvi hwekusika kweLermontov mukugadzira zvakajeka, se "zvakasimbiswa" ndima.

Nhamba yeLermontov ichiri chakavanzika kusvikira nhasi. Upenyu uye rufu rwemashoko ndezvakavanzika, asi rupo rwake kune mabhuku eRussia inokosha.