International budiriro mabhanga. IBRD

Regional anomukweretesa masangano anopa zvikwereti uye hwokugadzira rubatsiro States vaine maonero avo zveupfumi kukura. Kusvika panguva Inter-American, African, Asian mabhanga. Vanobvumirana zvinangwa uye mabasa. Munyaya ino tichakurukura muudzame huripo multilateral kukura mabhanga.

ramangwana

International budiriro mabhanga dzakatangwa nokuda kwezvikonzero:

1) kuwedzera basa nyika munyika munharaunda;

2) kuti tinofanira kugadzirisa nyaya dzisina nguva dzose aendeswe nezverusununguko IMF;

3) Kukwezva nechitarisiko mari pfuma kuti chinangwa chikwereti;

4) kusimudzira pamwe uye zvoupfumi kusangana kunyika;

5) vanofarira nhengo MRBR (zvimwe vasiri romunharaunda) mukusimudzira ekisipoti.

Kusawirirana uye zvakafanana

International budiriro mabhanga vane kusiyaniswa azvipire evanhu, tsika uye zvoupfumi munyika. Asi zvinangwa zvakafanana: kusimudzira yemubatanidzwa kukura kumatunhu. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna pakurwisa urombo muAsia uye Africa.

Ingangoita chetatu nhengo mbiri masangano - dzakabudirira. Zvavanazvo dzakawanda guru, vane simba pamusoro sangano. Chero zvisarudzo akatora dzakawanda uye remunharaunda kukura nemabhangi (IDB, ADB, AfDB), zvinogona nemutemo kuti US, Japan, Nigeria.

Manzwi nhengo anoparadzirwa zvichienderana paakapiwa guru. Kunyange zvazvo, maererano Charter, vakawanda vanofanira kuva emunharaunda nhengo, asi nhasi mugove wavo akawira kushoma (vanenge 50,02%) nokuda ichiwedzera dzakabudirira dziri Pfungwa.

IDB

The Inter-American Development Bank - chinhu neIntergovernmental sangano kusikirwa anokweretesa muLatin America chirongwa 1959. The Board ari Washington, rinodzora - Dare Council, iyo kusarudzwa kwemakore mashanu. Sechikamu kubhangi wacho 27 kwematunhu uye 20 non-emunharaunda shareholders. Mvumo guta - mabhiriyoni 34 emadhora, 30% of sarudzo ndidzo United States. Resources vanounganidzwa kubva dzakawanda mumisika guru. The Bank anopa zvikwereti pamusoro kwomuzvarirwo zvokutengeserana mazwi.

ADB

The African Development Bank rakavakwa Organization of African Unity kusimudzira zvoupfumi yacho kondinendi yose. Nokutendeka guta iri mabhiriyoni 100 emadhora. Zvinofadza kuti nhengo inoti vane 7.6 chete% kuti mari iyi, vamwe anoramba ari muchimiro unovimbisa muripo. Pasi pavo ADB kurera mamwe mari pamusika kuti chikwereti guru. Zvinetso zvinhu sangano asina. Asi vazhinji guru iri kusimbiswa Africa.

ADB

Asian Development Bank mari inoshandiswa vabatsire kukura Asia uye kuFar East upfumi. Makuru muPhilippines. Means inotibatsira zvose exhibitors uye dzepamutemo masangano. Paavhareji chikwereti mari - mamiriyoni 15 emadhora. Key mubhizimisi an - indasitiri, zvekufambisa, kurima, simba, nemauto zvemari. Mari anopiwa kubva mari. Normal ndiko nokukweretesa pagungano chimbadzo 5% kwemakore 15-25. Special kushandiswa pasi-anomukweretesa kuti kwenguva refu (makore 25-40) ne 1-3%. Nguva nyasha 3-5 uye 10 makore.

IBRD

International Bank nokuti Zvokuvakazve uye Development hwagadzwa muna 1944, 170 Member States. It inonziwo World. IBRD basa - anokweretesa kusimukira hurumende nemasangano hurumende. The mugamuchiri vanosungirwa kushandisa mari chinangwa chavo inozoshandisirwa. International Bank nokuti Zvokuvakazve uye Development ndiye kadhi urongwa iyo pakutanga mabasa akasikirwa pfungwa dzisangopfuma munyika dzese munyika.

Features anomukweretesa

nhengo kubhangi zvinogona IMF chete nhengo inoti. Capital Masangano yakatangwa chipeto maererano zvinoenderana dzaona nerimwe mamiriro, zvichienderana ayo upfumi zvinogona. The soro kota (17.5%) uye uwandu mavhoti (17%) ndezvaJehovha United States. The Bank anopa zvikwereti chete solvent anokwereta regai postpones kubhadhara pamusoro zvikwereti, saka haana anowana kukuvadza. Institution akaita vaunganidza ruzivo rwakakura pane chirongwa mari. waivako Its ndichifunda kweinopfuura hafu wegore uwandu mari dzinounzwa nokuda vechikamu.

Resources zvinosanganisira bhangi Nokutendeka kuti vaunze mari nokuda svikiro uye kwenguva refu kwezvikwereti. nhengo zvipo vanomiririra asingasviki 5% of World Bank kuti bhajeti. Hurumende akatenga anogoverana ari pre-akabvuma yakawanda, zvakatemwa kubudikidza pachiyero zvoupfumi wenyika, asi mari chete chikamu mutengo wavo. Balance - "mari kudiwa", chete kana, kana kubhangi kuchaita chinounza makuru varasikirwa. guta rino zvinogona kuendeswa chete disbursement pakati zvisungo.

utungamiri

Varikutonga muviri tsika ndiye Directorate. It rinovimba pamusoro 5 matare: odhita, administrative, vashandi, kugadzira mitemo, mutengo kushanda. Kufambisa of World Bank uye IMF Boards nemagavhuna kuroorana. Anoongorora mibvunzo yakadai: pamwe gwara dzakabudirira, chikwereti rutapudzo kuti maindasitiri nharaunda, private kwemauto kukura, uyewo gadzirira mishumo utariri.

CB "International Bank of Development"

IDB - Metropolitan chikwereti sangano, ane basa guru - akavhiyiwa vane chikwereti kuchengetedzeka, zvikwereti uye RKO. It rakaumbwa muna 1994. Varidzi maumbirwo madiki ukaonekwa Moscow: "Alexis Mafungiro", "FC Garant", "Galeon-TM." To musi, hwezvokutengeserana kuvandudzika kubhengi mishumo LLC "Intergazneft" uye JSC "Urengoymontazhpromstroy".

Pokugadzwa inosanganisira musoro uye mamwe mahofisi maviri muguta guru. The International Development Bank (Moscow) yaitaura kutengwa uye kutengeswa zvisungo. Corporate nemakasitoma anopiwa ane chaiwo akagadzirwa mabasa, kusanganisira anomukweretesa uye mari ugari. Anokwereta kushumira kazhinji zvokutengeserana mabhizimisi. Private vatengi kuwana mabasa ose, kunze kwezvikwereti repair uye mortgages. In zvose, tsika nemari pane 5000 vatengi.

guta

The nemamiriro mambure yesangano ane chinokosha mugove inogarwa issuers Russian 'zvisungo (45%) uye chikwereti Portfolio (37%). Commercial Development Bank ane yakawanda reserves (48%) uye chikwereti (26%). Pakutanga wechitatu muzvina 2013 tsika yave kukwezvwa pamusoro chimwe muzvitatu munataisireva kubva interbank anomukweretesa pamusika. A kota abate nengaidzo pamusoro deposits ose yemakambani nemakasitoma, 4% murimo nokuti mari nevanhu. Pasinei zvinokosha Mipiro mu ari chepamusoro pamusoro Banks Russia CB "IDB" anopindura 373rd nzvimbo.

mhedziso

International budiriro mabhanga zvakasikwa paruzhinji uye pasiri masangano kuti pave kwenzanga mberi marudzi. Naivowo nokubatanidza chete mabasa. Asi chero chisarudzo kwesangano kwakadaro kunogona kugadziriswa kuti kubatanidzwa nyika pamwe soro nhamba mavhoti.