Muchangosangana - zviri kuitika sei uye? Double muchangosangana mu maruva

Muchangosangana - ndiwo muitiro kubatanidzwa nomumwe mbiri masero, zvichiguma nokuumbwa masero matsva, achipa pave neimwe muviri zvakafanana genus kana mhuka. Ndechipi muchangosangana mbiri mu maruva chirimwa uye sei zvaitika, verenga nyaya ino.

Musimboti pakusangana

Anouya somugumisiro wacho Fusion masero maviri, navarandakadzi, uye kubuda munhu diploid zygote. In peya imwe okutodza aripo mumwe yemadzibaba uye mumwe muchitokisi rwaamai. Musimboti muitiro wekusangana ndiko kudzorera diploid yakatarwa okutodza nokubatanidza majini zvinhu vabereki. vana vavo ichava musoro sezvo tichibatanidza zvikuru kubatsira unhu kubva baba vake namai.

Muchangosangana - chii?

muitiro uyu kuudzwa kukura mazai ari kwemapazi nuclei. Muchangosangana - chii? Ichi chinhu kusingarapiki muitiro kunoitika pamusana Fusion nokuda gametes ose Vanhurume nevanhukadzi siyana uye kubatanidza nuclei dzavo. The zai haisi pasi nzira iyi kechipiri.

Asi pane zvinomera kuti bereka chizvarwa chitsva chete hadzi gamete pasina muchangosangana. kubereka Izvi zvinonzi mhandara. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti izvi nzira maviri kubereka mune imwe mhando chirimwa chinogona interleaved.

Double pakusangana kuti maruva miti

Sex masero vose vakatanga kunzi gametes. Uye vakadzi ndivo zai, uye hono - dzisingaoneki kuti anosima mbeu wakaiswa, ukuwo spore - Mobile. Muchangosangana - chii? Ndicho nechitarisiko imwe kamuri - the zygote, ine nhaka unhu dzisingaoneki uye zai.

Flowering miti vane kunzwisisa fertilization, unonzi miviri, nekuti kuwedzera zai iri nourume neimwe sero chaiyo. Nezvekugadzirwa dzisingaoneki kunoitika muguruva tudonhwe mukume, uye kuibvisa kwavo rinoitwa munyika Stamens, kana pane zviri Mukume dzavo. Spot inotungamirwa ovules mazai dziri mu ovary nomutswi. Kana zai iri nourume dzisingaoneki, ovule kubvira pakutanga kutanga mbeu.

To pakusangana mu maruva harina unofanira kutanga pollinate muti, kureva, musi rusarura vanofanira kuwana rubanzu guruva mukume. Pakangotanga rusarura, vanotanga kukura mukati ovary, zvichiguma mukume chubhu. Panguva imwe chete, guruva PARTICIPLE achiumbwa pamusoro dzisingaoneki masero maviri. Havana usamira uye kutanga kufamba akananga mukume chubhu, izvo kupinda munharaunda yacho ovule. Pano, kuburikidza Vakagovana rimwe kamuri elongation uye paumbwe embryo zai.

Zvinonzi inodiwa nzvimbo zai mairi, uye kunyange sero rimwe chete, rinotaura miviri yakatarwa yokugara mashoko. Zvadaro mukume chubhu kumera rikaitika embryo zai uye Fusion kuti dzisingaoneki uye zai, zvichiguma nokuumbwa iri zygote, uye mumwe - imwe muchitokisi. Kugadzirwa embryo kubva zygote kunoitika. The Fusion wechipiri rinoumbwa nutritive rinenge endosperm kana zvakakodzera kuti zvinovaka muviri embryo panguva kukura nguva.

Zvaunoda kuti kuvapo imwe neimwe chirimwa?

• Chokutanga, unofanira kudzosera diploid yakatarwa okutodza, uye mukati maro - zvavo pairing.
• Ipai zvinhu chamazuva pakati kumarudzi, vachitevera kutevedzana.
• Zvinobatana kuumba chete mhando kana nhaka ehupfumi nevabereki vose.

Izvi zvose zvinoitwa majini chechetere. Kuti akaziva fertilization, kuibvisa rwaamai uye yemadzibaba gametes zvazvichaitika panguva imwe chete.

Muchangosangana mu angiosperms

Izvi chinorondedzerwa kekutanga musayendisiti wokuGermany Strasburger yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Muchangosangana kunoitika angiosperms kwemapazi gametes maviri nuclei dzakasiyana: pamwe mukono nehadzi musimboti. cytoplasm yavo haina mumabasa muchangosangana. Chaizvoizvo Fecundación kunoitika apo urume fuses pamwe zai musimboti.

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti urume ndiwo mukume zviyo kana mukume chubhu. Zviyo anotanga kukura pashure mapopoma ari rusarura. Nguva pakutanga iyi, chirimwa chimwe nechimwe yakasiyana, sezvo nguva muchangosangana. Somuenzaniso, bhiti mukume tsanga imere pashure pemaawa maviri, uye chibage - pakarepo. The chiratidzo chokutanga kumera - ayo nokuwedzera vhorumu. Kazhinji rimwe mukume tsanga rinoumbwa mumwe chubhu. Asi vamwe zvirimwa havasi pasi poutongi iyi uye anoumba handsets akawanda, mumwe chete izvo rinosvika pakukura kwayo.

Mukume chubhu pamwe dzisingaoneki paari ambulant inokura uye pakupedzisira kwatanga. zvirimo zvose zviri mukati embryo zai. Mumwe infiltrators pano dzisingaoneki iri chakaunzwa zai merges wayo haploid neerekitironi. Muchangosangana - chii? Fusion iyi nuclei maviri urume uye zai. The zai anotanga kugovera, vakawana masero mbiri itsva. Vari rakakamurwa zvina, uye zvichingodaro. Saka, pane vakawanda kupesana, umo chirimwa mudumbu.

Angiosperm zvinomera pashure muchangosangana anokwanisa kuva mberi muviri, anonzi endosperm. Ichi chimwe kunze inotonhorera svikiro mudumbu. At confluence dzisingaoneki wechipiri uye diploid neerekitironi aumbwa imwe yakatarwa okutodza, vaviri iyo - rwaamai mavambo uye mumwe - baba. Nokudaro, kaviri muchangosangana chirimwa zvinenge zviri kana urume fuses pamwe zai, uye mumwe - pamwe chinoumba masero, riri pakati.

Siyana zviri angiosperms

• Zvakawanda kwadzakabva kukura mune ezvinhu akasiyana.
• Double fertilization, izvo zvinoita kuti kugoverwa zvinhu zvakafanira kuti chakaipa kumera mbeu.
• Kuvapo triploid endosperm.
• Education ovules mukati ovary, sezvamakaropafadzwa carpel masvingo kuvadzivirira kubva kukuvara.
• Fetus angiosperms kubva ovary.
• Kuwana mbeu mukati muchero, masvingo ayo kudzivirirwa naro.
• Kuvapo maruva zvinoita kuti pollinate mbesa nezvipukanana.

Nemhaka iyi zvinhu angiosperms nenzvimbo hukuru nzvimbo munyika.

Feature muchangosangana pamusoro angiosperms

It anotevera kubva chokwadi kuti zvinomera izvi vane muchangosangana miviri. A rakasiyana chinhu inomiririrwa kutanga rinonzi Xenu. Zvarinoreva iri pakuti mukume anokanganisa zvakananga zvivako uye zvechadenga endosperm. Somuenzaniso, tora zviyo.

Zviri yero uye chena mbeu. ruvara kwavo kunobva Ruvara endosperm. Pashure pollination maruva hadzi pamwe mukume Belozernaya chibage mhando zheltozernogo wake kupenda vachange vachiri yero, ukuwo endosperm kukura kunoitika uri chirimwa pamwe bhinzi chena.

Chii basa maruva miti?

miriwo izvi pamusana 13 000 kuzvarwa uye 250 000 marudzi. Ivo anoshandiswa nevakawanda pasi pose. Flowering zvinomera - ndivo kuurongwa ari biosphere, kubereka Organic zvinhu kuti vasunge carbon dioxide inobvisa uye emit okisijeni. Painenge cheni chikafu kunotanga navo. Mazhinji ezvinhu maruva zvinomera munhu anoshandisa zvokudya. Izvi, kuvaka dzimba uye kuti siyana mhuri zvinhu.

Kuita pasina pavo, uye mishonga. Mamwe angiosperms vari simba munyika, vatambe mutsindo basa paumbwe uye kugadzwa zvinomera pechifukidziro chikuru chikamu pasi phytomass. Pakupedzisira, zviri zvirimwa izvi zviri pakutsvaga zvinoita nezvokuvapo murume panyika sechinhu mhando zvipenyu.