Vakanga yakawanikwa uye chii vari nenhungamiro of Neumann

Zvimwe handidi kukanganisa kana ndikati kuti vanhu vakawanda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva tinoona kuti kombiyuta uye zvose zvine chokuita nayo - zviri kubudirira kwesayenzi wekupedzisira emakore rokupedzisira remakore. Kutaura zvazviri, misimboti basa kombiyuta of Neumann kuti, nheyo kombiyuta networking yokungotaura, vave akagadzira mune yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

The chikuru yokuvaka kombiyuta nesayenzi panguva iyoyo aiva akakurumbira yemasvomhu Dzhon Fon Neyman muUnited States. Nenzira zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vamwe ichi chaitika chokuita mutsaona. Neumann muna 1944 waibatanidzwa tsvakurudzo boka iro akashanda pakusikwa wokutanga rambi yemagetsi kombiyuta ENIAC. Sezvineiwo panguva kugara achikurukura navo musayendisiti kudaro nechivimbo zvinganaka vanzwisise vangasimudzira hutsva pakusika kadambari mano. Chakashamisa Neumann, nemumwe wake G. Goldstein uye A. Burks Neumann vakatsigira pfungwa, uye paiva papepa nesayenzi mumakore maviri. Rinopa zvachose wamboonekwa Misimboti kadambari mudziyo, uye vakagamuchira zita "zvinotaurwa of Neumann." Patova hafu yezana remakore kubvira pakutanga pachena mharidzo pfungwa Neumann, asi kusvikira nhasi, zvinhu zvakadai kombiyuta mapurani dzemitemo of Neumann vanoita dzekare dzidziso kuvaka makombiyuta. Chinokosha kusiyana itsva pfungwa yakanga kuti zvakanzi aronga kuenda kure yaizivikanwa grade hurongwa mashoko okuchengetera uye kuti chinja kuenda binary. Zvakanga yamunenge kushandiswa kwakadaro uye zvinopa vakawanda mikana kuwedzera vhoriyamu mashoko aya, zvose maererano okuchengetera kwayo uye hutachiwana.

Uyezve, zvinotaurwa of Neumann akaita kuti zvibvire kuti ribude kwete chete mashoko kusanganiswa, asiwo rugwaro, inzwi nevamwe.

Chimwe chinokosha kuwanikwa Neumann aiva mhinduro yake kuchengetera mashoko. Kare, basa iri rakanga raitwa anenge manually, kubudikidza Kukunda anodiwa zvinoumba kombiyuta pamwechete nechokwadi kupanana ruzivo kuti kunochengetwa nerimwe nezvikamu izvi. On ichangobva kutaurwa ENIAC kombiyuta, nzira iyi kunoda kanenge dzakawanda mazuva, uye kazhinji kacho ari kuitisa ichi Nzira dzokuvhiya akaputsa - atadze kushanda zvakanaka chomwenje. Neumann zvakare zvinganaka nokuchinja chirongwa uyewo encoded muchimiro binary remitemo uye inochengetwa kombiyuta pacharo.

The musayendisiti haisi chete akagadzira pfungwa dzakazova kuzivikanwa sezvo nenhungamiro of Neumann, asi yakatangawo mabikirwo kombiyuta mamiriro, pfungwa iyi kakawanda vachinzi "mapurani kombiyuta". The chikuru zvinoumba munhu mapurani idzva, Neumann inofanira kuva:

- mumwe kudzora mudziyo;

- pfungwa chikwata;

- ine kugadzira chikwata;

- ndangariro hwakaoma dzine zvemukati uye zvekunze;

- I / O mudziyo.

In zvanzi kuvakwa chivako ari kombiyuta anoverengwa mirayiridzo inokosha kubva ndangariro, uye ipapo pane vakaurayiwa imwe processor. Murayiro Kuurayiwa mirayiro kunorondedzerwa purogiramu inokosha yemabhuku. Kuvapo mudziyo wakadaro zvino mumwe zvinhu kombiyuta mapurani, wakatangwa na Neumann.

Kazhinji, akakudziridza uye, chaizvoizvo, akaedzwa uye rakatangwa naye, sarudzo dziri mavakirwo makombiyuta, vava saka waifarirwa dzinokosha, kuti kunyange nhasi iri nyanzvi ezvinhu ari muchina akavaka maererano nenheyo izvi, inonzi - of Neumann muchina. Izvi hairevi avo kusina chirongwa yemabhuku chete.

Possible kubva nheyo idzi zvinogoneka chete mune ramangwana, kana hwaro kukura kombiyuta nesayenzi, pfungwa achaurawa pfungwa kugadzira.