Biography Ernesto Che Guevara, hupenyu hwehupenyu, chokwadi chinonakidza. Comandante Che Guevara

Ernesto Guevara akaberekwa musi June 14, 1927 mune rimwe remaguta pakukura Rosario kuArgentina. Akakurumbira "Che" chivakashure rakashandiswa zvikuru gare gare. Uchibatsirwa kwayo, kugara Cuba, mumwe echimurenga akasimbisa pachavo Argentine mavambo. "Che" - Munongedzo ane interjection. Kumba Ernesto chinhu chakakurumbira kurapwa.

Uduku uye zvaunofarira

baba Guevara akanga ane mapurani, mai vake - musikana kubva mhuri vasimi. Mhuri yakatama kakawanda. College inotevera Comandante Che Guevara chikoro muna Cordoba, uye dzidzo Aires. The Jaya akasarudza kuva chiremba. By dzakagadzirirwa, aiva chiremba uye dermatologist.

Nechekare mangwanani Biography pamusoro Ernesto Che Guevara inoratidza sei anoshamisa aiva unhu hwake. The Jaya aifarira kwete mushonga, asi dzakawanda nevanhu. kuverenga ake yaiva mabasa nevanyori dzakakurumbira: Verne, Victor Hugo, Dumas, Cervantes, Dostoyevsky, NdiTolstoy. Revolutionary mugovanisi maonero kuumbwa mabasa Marx, Shona, Bakunin, Lenin nevamwe theoreticians ari kuruboshwe.

A zvishoma-anozivikanwa chokwadi, izvo zvakasiyana Biography pamusoro Ernesto Che Guevara - aiziva French. Uyezve, iye aida nhetembo, nomusoro mabasa Verlaine, Baudelaire, Lorca. In Bolivia, apo akafira echimurenga, iye akatakura naye kufamba mukwende notibhuku enyu kufarira ndima.

Nechepakati America

Yokutanga akazvimirira rwendo Guevara mberi Argentina anotaura 1950, apo akashanda chikamu nguva mungarava inotakura zvinhu uye vakashanyira British Guiana uye Trinidad. Argentinian aida bikes uye mopeds. rwendo Next yakabata Chile, Peru, Colombia uye Venezuela. Naizvozvo remagandanga Biography Che Guevara achazara akagadzirwa kumishoni. In hwake mangwanani, akaenda dzakavakidzana kuziva nyika uye wokuwana matsva nefemero.

mudiwa Guevara muna rimwe yokufamba ake akanga Dr kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu Alberto Granado. Pamwe naye chiremba Argentine akashanyira nemaperembudzi muhutongi kunyika Latin America. Uyewo, murume nomudzimai vakashanyira matongo yekare Indian maguta akawanda (echimurenga nguva dzose ainyatsofarira munhoroondo zvizvarwa zvemo yeNyika Itsva). Apo Ernesto akaenda Colombia, uko War Civil akatanga. Randomly, iye kunyange akashanyira Florida. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Che sechiratidzo "aina chimurenga" kuchava chimwe chikuru vavengi White House kutarisira.

In Guatemala

Muna 1953, remangwana mutungamiriri ari Cuban chimurenga, Ernesto Che Guevara, pakati maviri makuru kufamba akapoteredza Latin America vakarwira kunyora nhoroondo hwakatsaurirwa pakudzidza Kurwara. Kuva chiremba, jaya vakasarudza kutamira Venezuela uye kunoshanda ine kunochengeterwa vane maperembudzi imomo. Zvisinei, munzira kuenda reCaracas mumwe runozivikanwa kufamba Guevara akanyengetedza kuenda kuGuatemala.

The mufambi akanga ari Central America nyika pamusoro avaida nechisimba kuti mauto Nicaragua, zvakaronga ne deginamajai. Guatemala City wakabhombwa, uye purezidhendi Socialist Jacobo Arbenz vakaramba nezviremera. New Mutungamiri Castillo Armas aifarira American uye vakatanga zvaisarudza pamusoro nevatsigiri vaigara munyika kuruboshwe-bapiro pfungwa.

MuGuatemala, ari Biography pamusoro Ernesto Che Guevara yakatanga chokuita hondo zvakananga. The Argentinian akabatsira kutsigira zviri vakazodzingwa hurumende kuti kutakura zvombo, vaiitawo nokudzima moto panguva mhepo vachirwisa. Kana Socialist vakatambura kokupedzisira kukundwa, zita Guevara kuti kupfeka ndandanda vanhu vakanga vakamirira udzvanyiriri. Ernesto akakwanisa vatizire rekupinda yake yaakaberekerwa Argentina, apo akanga pasi nedzenyu kudzivirirwa. Kubva ipapo, muna September 1954, akatamira kuMexico City.

Kujairirana Cuban kuipandukira

Munguva Mexican guru, Guevara vakaedza kuwana basa wenhau. Akanyora imwe nyaya pamusoro yavasina Zealand zviitiko, asi zvino haina akapfuura. Mwedzi mishomanana ashandira Argentinian mifananidzo. Akabva aiva murindi iri kubudiswa imba chivakwa. Muzhizha 1955, Ernesto Che Guevara, ane pachake upenyu yakavhenekerwa munhu yaifadza, akaroorwa. MuMexico City, kwaari kubva nyika yasvika mwenga Hilda Gadea. mabasa Odd zvakaoma chakabatsira mubvakure kuti vawane chouviri. Pakupedzisira, Ernesto akagadzirisa nemakwikwi muguta muchipatara, apo akatanga kushanda muDhipatimendi sema.

Muna June 1955, Guevara kuna chiremba kugadzwa varume vaviri vaduku. Yaiva Cuban kuipandukira vakanga vachiedza kupidigura chizvarwa chitsuwa ari mudzvanyiriri Batista. Mumakore maviri yekare hurumende vavengi pamberi vakarwisa Moncada yemauto, pashure vakaedzwa uye mujeri. Pausiku ane ruregero chakabvumwa, uye kuipandukira vakatanga kudirana vachienda kuMexico City. Panguva nezvedambudziko rake Latin America Ernesto akasangana zhinji Cubans Socialist. Imwe shamwari dzake kare vakauya kuzomuona, akakoka kubatanidzwa kuuya muchiuto rwendo kuchitsuwa Caribbean.

Mazuva mashoma gare gare Argentinian wokutanga akasangana Raul Castro. Kunyange ipapo, chiremba akanga akatsunga munobvumirana kwavo kutora chikamu mune bvuta. Muna July, 1955, muMexico vanobva kuUnited States mukoma guru Raul. Fidel Castro uye Ernesto Che Guevara vakava protagonists Kusaona chimurenga. musangano wavo wokutanga akatora nzvimbo mune rimwe yakachengeteka dzimba Cubans. Zuva rakatevera, Guevara akava nhengo rwendo ari chiremba. Achifunga kuti nguva, Fidel Castro akazobvuma kuti Che Cuban mamwe masoja nani vakanzwisisa yokungotaura uye pfungwa mibvunzo yacho chimurenga.

guerilla hondo

Kugadzirira hwokuenda Cuba, nhengo "July 26 Movement" (musoro sangano, akatungamirirwa Fidel Castro) takatarisana nezvinetso zvakawanda. Mune panhengo kuipandukira infiltrated provocateur uyo akaudza vakuru pamusoro kunyumwa mabasa vatorwa. Zhizha 1956, mapurisa Mexican akavhiringidza pashure iyo vamukira, kusanganisira Fidel Castro uye Ernesto Che Guevara, vakasungwa. Panguva Batista hurumende vashori vakatanga kupinda kuzivikanwa pachena uye tsika nenhamba. Somugumisiro, mashoko kuipandukira vakasunungurwa. Guevara akapedza muchitokisi kupfuura vamwe mamwe masoja (mazuva 57), sezvo iye akapomerwa zvisiri pamutemo kuyambuka muganhu.

Pakupedzisira, expeditionary simba akasiya Mexico uye chikepe vakaenda Cuba. Kuenda kwakaitika November 25, 1956. Mberi aiva nemwedzi-refu remagandanga hondo. Kusvika Castro vatsigiri pachitsuwa zvikanganiswe akaparara. Yokuzviparadzanisa, zvinosanganisira 82 varume akaonekwa Mangroves. ndege yayo akarwisa hurumende. Under moto akauraya hafu rwendo, vaviri gumi nevaviri vanhu vakasungwa. Pakupedzisira, kuipandukira vakatora utiziro Sierra Maestra. Dzematunhu vanhuwo zvavo vakatsigira guerrillas, akavapa pokugara uye zvokudya. Chimwe yakachengeteka Pakanaka vava mumapako uye kuenzana pemipata gomo.

Pakutanga 1957 vavengi Batista vake vakakunda kutanga kukunda, achiuraya masoja ehurumende mashanu. Nokukurumidza, dzimwe nhengo kukupfura akaburuka nemarariya. Ndaive pakati pavo, uye Ernesto Che Guevara. Remagandanga hondo kumanikidzwa kujaira kuti norufu. Zuva nezuva, varume vakanga vachienda kuva mumwe dzinouraya kutyisidzira. Che akarwa unokuvadza chirwere, otlezhivayas vari mumatumba pakati vanhuwo zvavo. Mamwe masoja kazhinji akamuona agere pamwe mukabhuku kana rimwe bhuku. Blog Guevara akazova hwaro yake ndangariro emagandanga hondo, rakabudiswa pashure mukukunda chimurenga.

Pakazosvika 1957, vapanduki havana aidzora pamakomo Sierra Maestra. The kukupfura akanga akandipa nevazvipiri vatsva kubva zvomunharaunda munharaunda vari vasingagutsikane Batista hwechiKomonisiti. Panguva iyoyowo, Fidel akaita Ernesto Major (Mutungamiriri). Che Guevara wakarairwa ari oga mbiru, rwaiumbwa vanhu 75. Pachivande akanakidzwa rutsigiro kunze. Ivo hwapinda kumakomo American venhau, inowanika muUnited States rinoshuma pamusoro "July 26 Movement".

Comandante kwete chete yakatungamirira vachirwisana, asi akatungamirira Advocacy. Ernesto Che Guevara aiva mukuru mupepeti "Free Cuba". nhamba yaro yokutanga akanyorwa noruoko, ipapo vapanduki akakwanisa kuwana hectograph.

Victory pamusoro Batista

Muchirimo 1958 iye yakatanga chitsva remagandanga muhondo. Vatsigiri Castro vakatanga kuenda kumakomo uye mumipata chiito. Summer hwakagadzwa mudanga ukama Cuban vaKomonisiti mumaguta apo wavanozvisunga akatanga kubuda. Yokuzviparadzanisa pakati Che Guevara mutariri tsamwisa muna Las Villas Province. Mberi urefu makiromita 600, muna October hondo iyi kusvika Escambray gomo siyana uye akavhura mberi itsva. For Batista mamiriro ezvinhu ari kungoramba - US zviremera vakaramba kupa nayo nezvombo.

In Las Villas, iyo pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa simba vapanduki, yakabudiswa mutemo pamusoro agrarian kuchinja - kubviswa pakati landlords 'Estates. Course nokuti scrapping tsika yekare ateteguru mumusha kukwezvwa kuhondo pakati kuipandukira varimi vatsva. The initiator chakakurumbira kuchinja kwakanga Ernesto Che Guevara. Makore ake upenyu yaaipedza ari yokungotaura zvakanyorwa Socialist, uye ikozvino honed kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi ake, kukurudzira zvavo Cuba nenzira yakarurama, izvo zvakabayirwa nhengo "July 26 Movement".

Rokupedzisira uye yairwirwa hondo yaiva hondo Santa Clara. Zvakatangira musi December 28 uye hwakaguma mukukunda vapanduki January 1, 1959. A maawa mashomanana Kuregwa boka ravarwi Batista akasiya Cuba uye akapedza upenyu hwake hwose kuutapwa. Kurwa nokuti Santa Clara akatungamirira zvakananga Che Guevara. 2 January mauto ake vakapinda Havana, apo kuipandukira vaimirira rworukundo kwevanhu.

upenyu hutsva

Pashure pokukundwa Batista kwakaita mapepanhau kupota nyika vakabvunzwa kuti Che Guevara pane yakakurumbira mutungamiri mupanduki uye chii ramangwana rake enyika? Muna February 1959, hurumende Fidel Castro aiva akadaro emarudzi Cuba. Ipapo Guevara akatanga kushandisa zvikamu zvavo yakakurumbira chivakashure "Che", zvaakatadzisa akaburuka munhau.

Kana itsva hurumende nezuro evapanduki purezidhendi National Bank (1959 - 1961) uye gurukota Industry (1961 - 1965). Mugore rokutanga gore pashure mukukunda pokuchinja, iye ave mukuru aiva yose rwavakaita nyika, panguva yaakanga akashanyira Egipita, Sudan, India, Pakistan, kuCeylon, Indonesia, Burma, Japan, Morocco, Spain uye Yugoslavia. Uyewo June 1959, Mutungamiriri vakaroorazve. Nomudzimai wake vakava nhengo "yaJuly 26 Movement" Aleida March. Vana Ernesto Che Guevara (Aleida, Camilo, Celia, Ernesto) vakaberekerwa mumba nomukadzi uyu (kunze mwanasikana mukuru Hilda).

State basa

Muchirimo 1961, pakupedzisira radonha pamwe Castro vatungamiriri American yakatanga kushanda muna Bay renguruve. On Liberty Island, iye asvika muvengi kumhara. Kusvikira pakuguma oparesheni Che Guevara akatungamirira mauto rimwe mapurovhinzi Cuba. Urongwa American vakatadza, uye mugovanisi hurumende iri Havana hwaponeswa.

In kuwa Che Guevara akashanyira East Germany, Czechoslovakia uye USSR. MuSoviet Union, nhume yake chibvumirano pamusoro romugove Cuban kweshuga yomuropa. Moscow akavimbisawo kuti Liberty Island zvemari uye michina rubatsiro. Ernesto Che Guevara, vanonakidza zvinhu izvo zvinogona vanoumba yoga bhuku, muchirongwa kwakawanda, yakatsaurirwa musi unoenderana October Revolution. Cuban vakakokwa akamira pachikuva ari mausoleum pedyo Nikitoy Hruschevym uye dzimwe nhengo Politburo. Zvadaro, Guevara rave vakashanyira Soviet Union.

Somushumiri, Che zvakakomba afungezve mafungiro avo kuti hurumende mugovanisi nyika. Akanga akatsamwira chokuti guru mukomiyunisiti inoti (zvikurukuru Soviet Union uye China) makasimbisa ravo rakaoma ita mutengano usakurirwe subsidized nevadiwa zviduku, zvakanga Cuba.

Muna 1965, pakashanya kuna Algiers, Guevara akaita yakakurumbira kutaura umo akashora Moscow uye Beijing kuti varanda atinoitwa munyika rwehama. Chiitiko ichi akaratidza kamwe zvakare kuti Che Guevara pane rakakurumbira uye waiva nomukurumbira echimurenga ichi. Haana waive mitemo yavo, kunyange kana aifanira kuenda kunetsana pamwe dzairwisa. Chimwe chikonzero yokusagutsikana Comandante aiva kusada ari mugovanisi kumisasa vachishingaira kupindira itsva remunharaunda chimurenga.

Rwendo kuna Africa

Muchirimo 1965, Che Guevara aiva Democratic Republic of Congo. African nyika iyi nechepakati akanga achipfuura enyika dambudziko, uye mune mumatondo ayo partisans, kunoda pakagadzwa gutsaruzhinji vari kumusha. Comandante akasvika Congo pamwe nemazana yakawanda Cuban. Akabatsira pakuronga pachivande, vaiita navo yake ruzivo runowanikwa panguva kurwa Batista.

Kunyange zvazvo Che Guevara kuiswa kutsika itsva simba rake rose, nhanho dzake dzose kumirira akundikana itsva. Vapanduki akatambura vakakurirwa akawanda, uye Cuban ukama mutungamiriri mamwe masoja African Kabila chakakanganisika kubva pakutanga. Pashure pemwedzi inoverengeka hurumende ropa Congo, vaishora nokuda Socialist, akaita mamwe kutsauswa uye kusawirirana. Chimwe akarova kuti vapanduki vacho aiva kurambirwa Tanzania kupa navo shure zvigadziko. Muna November 1965, Che Guevara akabva Congo, uye haana kusvika zvinangwa wakaisirwa chimurenga.

Plans ramangwana

Kugara Africa munokosha Che inotevera marariya. Uyezve, kuwedzerwa asima, kubva raakanga atambura kubvira achiri muduku. Wokutanga hafu 1966 Comandante vakabata pachivande muCzechoslovakia, apo aiitirwa mune rimwe plesieroorde of Czechoslovakia. Nekuzorora kubva hondo, Latino akaramba kushanda kuronga kuti kumukira matsva munyika yose. Fame awana mashoko ake nezvokukosha chokusika "Vietnams vazhinji", iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva pakati Kurwisana enyika maviri makuru nyika ino.

Muzhizha ra1966 Mutungamiriri vakadzokera Cuba ndokunanga kugadzirira nokuda emagandanga chirongwa muBolivia. Somugumisiro, hondo iyi yaiva rokupedzisira kwaari. Muna March 1967, Mutungamiri Bolivia Barrientos nehana kudzidza pamusoro chiito chake nyika guerrillas, akasiya mumasango pakati mugovanisi Cuba.

Kubvisa mashoko "kutyisidzira mutsvuku", wezvematongerwe enyika akakumbira rubatsiro kubva Washington. Panguva White House, kwakasarudzwa kushandisa pamusoro Che kwakaita chikwata chaiyo deginamajai dzakabatana. Nokukurumidza pamusoro dzematunhu mumisha iri pedyo iyo partisans akatanga kuonekwa mapepa vakapararira kubva mumhepo nemashoko mubayiro zvikuru kupondwa munhu Cuban echimurenga.

rufu

Total Che Guevara muBolivia akapedza 11 months. Yose paakanga akachengetawo zvinyorwa, iyo pashure porufu rwake dzakabudiswa mubhuku fomu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, hurumende Bolivian vakatanga kurambidza vapanduki. anokwana zviyero zviviri, pashure iyo Mutungamiriri akagara anenge zvachose ega zvakaparadzwa. October 8, 1967, iye neshamwari dzakawanda akanga akakomberedza. vapanduki vaviri vakaurayiwa. Vazhinji vakakuvadzwa, kusanganisira Ernesto Che Guevara. Akafa ari echimurenga, zvakazivikanwa kuburikidza Kuyeuka anoverengeka zvapupu.

Guevara pamwe mamwe masoja ake pasi perekedza yakatumwa kumusha La Higuera, apo vasungwa paiva nzvimbo mune zvisina kupiswa duku Chivako ichi chikoro womunharaunda. Pachivande akabata Bolivian kukupfura, izvo akapedza usiku hwokupedzisira yokurovedza yarongwa vemauto mazano akatumwa deginamajai. Che akaramba kupindura mibvunzo vakuru akataura chete nemauto neapo akakumbira kusvuta.

Mangwanani eOctober 9, murairo wakasvika kumusha kubva muguta guru reBolivia kuzoita shanduko yeCuban. Pazuva rimwe chete iye akafuridzirwa. Mutumbi wakatakurwa kune rimwe guta pedyo, apo chitunha cheGuevara chakanga chichiratidzwa kune vagari vemo uye vatapi venhau. Maoko akadzingwa kubva mumuviri kuitira kuti atsigire zvakajeka rufu rwemupanduki kuburikidza nekubatsirwa neminwe yeminwe. Masara akavigwa mumakuva akavanzika.

Kuvigwa kwakawanikwa muna 1997 kuburikidza nekuedza kwevatapi venhau veAmerica. Zvadaro zvakasara zveKe nevakawanda vemajaya vake vakaendeswa kuCuba. Ikoko vakatengeswa nerukudzo. Iyo mausoleum apo Ernesto Che Guevara yakavigwa iri muSanta Clara, guta iro mutungamiri mukuru muna 1959 akakunda kukunda kwavo kukuru.