Chii chinonzi bhomba bhomba?

Pasi peshoko rokuti "carpet bombing" ("kubhamba bhomba") rinonzwisiswa sehupenyu hunogara huchienderera mberi, huri kwenguva refu, hunoita bhomba nekukundikana kwenharaunda.

Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvose kuparadza chikamu chemuvengi, pamwechete nevashandi varo, uye kuparadza dzimba, magwagwa ezvitima, mabhizimusi kana maturakiti makuru emasango kubva pachiso chenyika . Nokuda kwekuparadzwa kwakazara kwechinhu chakasarudzwa kumabhomba anowanzoitika, kupisa, zvakasungwa ne phosphorus, napalm, nezvimwewo zvinowanzowedzerwa.

Nhoroondo yechitarisiko chebhaputi bhomba

Kuvhara mabhomba kwakafanotaurwa nguva refu vasati vasvika. Semuenzaniso, munyori wenhau dzakazivikanwa wezvinyorwa Herbert Wells mubhuku rake "Kuonekwa kweMangwana" akarondedzera kuparadzwa kweguta pavakarwiswa nengoro. Iko kufungidzira kuti munguva yemauto emangwana mapato acharwisana nemaguta evavengi nechinangwa chokuparadza zvachose, akaratidzwa muna 1921 mutungamiriri wekuItaly anonzi ainzi Giulio Douay.

Chokutanga chibharo chebhomba chakaitwa nekubatanidzwa kwenhamba yakawanda yebhomba. Somuenzaniso, apo magetsi ekuGermany akaparadza guta reGuernica (1937, Spain), zvakatora boka rose regiyoni. Vanopfuura 100 vagari vanoonekwa sevakafa.

Sezvo iri sarudzo yakashanduka, maGermany akadzidza kuti panguva imwe chete awedzere kuwedzera kwenhamba dze ndege, kupfuurira kushanda kwenguva yakareba sezvingagona. Iwe unoziva, somuenzaniso, mazuva mashoma sei bhomba rekutengesa reSalalingrad rakagara Uye ndeapi ndege dzakabatanidzwa mariri?

Stalingrad

Izvi zvakaitika musi waAugust 23, 1942. Pazuva rino, nemauto e 4th Air Fleet, maGermany akaita soro refu uye yakaipisisa mabhomba bhomba munhau. Yakapedza anenge mazuva matatu. Panguva iyoyo, kurwisana kwaiva kumucheto kweguta, uye vagari varo vairarama hupenyu hune rugare zvachose: mafekitari, mafekitari, mabhizimisi, kunyange zvikoro uye kindergartens vakashanda nenzira yakajairika.

Ndege dzekutanga dzakabuda pa18.00. Maererano nehurongwa hweStvka, inenge yose inopesana nemapurisa aibatanidzwa mukudzosa matanho ematangi, iyo yakatevera iyo yaiva panguva iyo yakangotungamirira 169th Panzer Division yevaGermany, vachitsvaka kubata kumaodzanyemba kweguta racho. Zenitch dzairambidzwa kupisa moto paine ndege, kuitira kuti matangi akawana mamwe mabhomba. Ichi chiitiko chakasarudza kushandisa muvengi.

Mapurisa acho akafamba nemapoka evanhu makumi matatu nemakumi matatu. Imwe yemotokari yakakwanisa kuita maitiro akawanda mumazuva. Mushure mokurwiswa, zvinopfuura hafu yeimba yedzimba yedzimba zvakaparadzwa. Guta risati raitika hondo rakashandurwa rikava dongo rinopisa. Zvinhu zvose zvakatsva. Mukuwedzera kune zvivako uye zvivako, nyika, uswa nemvura zvinopisa - maGermany akaparadza matangi ane mafuta asina kuchena, uye akaderera mumvura. Mumugwagwa pakanga paine kupisa kwakadaro izvo zvipfeko zvakaputika nevanhu vanotya. Sezvo mvura yepombi yakanganisa, pakanga pasina mvura, saka pakanga pasina chinhu chaicho chokudzima moto. Pazuva iro, vanenge zviuru makumi mana vakafa.

Kuputika kweGermany

Sezvo nzira yekutyisidzira uye nechinangwa chokudzivisa kuda kwevanhu vanogara muGermany kuti varwise, bhomba rebhaputi rakashandiswa neRoyal Air Force yeBritain uye United States Air Force.

Kuti zvive nemigumisiro yemhepo inopisa moto, mapurisa akabatanidzwa mumakironi akawanda, rimwe nerimwe raitakura motokari mudumbu rayo nemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhomba: fugaski, konti, kupatsanurwa, nezvimwewo.

Kuputika kwebhomba kunoparidzirwa neBritish

The Allied Carpet Bombing yeGermany Zvaiva nezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Ndege dzeBritish dzakaputika zvikuru dzimba dzekugara dzemaguta eGermany kuitira kuti dzidzivise tsika dzevanhu vasiri vanhu, zvikurukuru vashandi vezvigadzirwa. Nenguva yaSeptember 22, 1941 pahofisi yeBritish Air Force yakagamuchira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekuparadza maguta makumi mana nemazana mashanu eGermany.

Maererano nekufungidzirwa kweBritish, basa revanhu rinofanira kunge rakaputsika zvachose mushure mokunge mabhomba matanhatu achishandisa 1 ton ye mabhomba ne800 vanogara. Kuita kuti vanhu vagare vachitya nguva dzose, zvakakosha kudzokorora mwedzi mitanhatu.

Muzvokwadi

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa, nepo chiGermany "Luftwaffe" yakarwisa zvakanakisisa pakurwisana neRussia Army, VaBritish vakarova zvese pasina kushorwa. Izvo simba reBritish air strikes rakaramba richiwedzera. Zvinotendwa kuti mamwe emaguta akaparadzwa, nokuti pasi pesungano yeYalta mushure mehondo vaifanira kuwira pasi pebasa reSoviet.

Muenzaniso ndiyo bhomba yebhopiti yeDresden. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwairi, pakanga pane Magdeburg (yakaparadzwa kusvika 90% yenharaunda), Stuttgart, Cologne (65%), Hamburg (45%), nezvimwewo. Kazhinji shanduro yakashambidza misha miduku yakanga isingakwanisi kudzivirira. Imwe yevaya inogona kuonekwa seWurzburg.

Kuputika kwebhomba kunoparidzirwa nevaAmerica

Kusiyana neBrithani, maEviation yeAviation yakashandiswa zvikurukuru kuparadza zvivako zvemaindasitiri uye kutakura kutaurirana. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kwakagadzirirwa maererano nemitemo: nzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru mune zvehupfumi, ukama huri pakati pemikana uye zvinoda, nzvimbo yezvinoshandiswa mumabhizimusi, chiyero chezvinhu zvinogadzirwa, nezvimwewo. Somugumisiro, urongwa hwezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kuputika zvakagamuchirwa. Yakanga ine zvinhu 76.

VaAmerica vakanga vasina kushingaira mukubhomba seBritish. Uye hazvisi zvekupa rupo kana chimwe chinhu chakadai. Zvichida panguva yebhombe bhomba yezvivako zvemashizha muDarmstadt, Schweinfurt neRegensburg, vakagamuchira kuraira kwakadaro zvokuti vakarasikirwa nechetatu chezvikwata zvavo, zvichibva pakugadzirwa kwevashandi vevasara vakatsvaga gomba rechokwadi.

Chinangwa chikuru chekuputika kwemaguta uye mabhizimisi muGermany kwaiva kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo ekupindira kwakatevera kwevashandi muEurope.

Kuvhara mabhomba mushure meHondo Yenyika II

VaAmerica vakaramba vachishandisa tsika yakagadzwa kunyange pashure peHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuuya nebhaputi bhomba yemaguta eNorth Vietnam, zvakadai seHanoi neHaiphong. Nekuvandudzwa kwemafiriya uye kuparadza kwemabhomba, migumisiro yemabasa akadaro yakaramba ichiwedzera. Maererano nemushumo wekubhomba kweIndochina, iyo Mutungamiri weAmerican B. Clinton akapa kuVietnam mugore ra2000, mamirioni matatu chete (mamiriyoni matatu) emabhomba akasiyana-siyana akadonhera kuCambodia oga. Inenge 500 kg kune vagari vemunyika.

VaAmerica havana kukanganwa pamusoro pemakumbo ebhomba nhasi. Kunyanya, Washington inotumira ndege dzeB-52 kuMiddle East kurwisana neGIL. Vachafanira kutakura mabhoti muSiriya uye Iraq. Ichatsiviwa ne-bombers B-1, iyo iripo panguva ino.

Kuvhara mabhomba muRussia

Iyo inozivikanwa pamusoro pezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvebhaputi kuB Afghanistan. Mutungamiri uye musimudziri wegadziriro iyi muSoviet airways vainzi Dzhokhar Dudayev. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mumakomo eAustralia zvakaratidza kuti hazvina kubudirira. Duskmen akatora mapurisa kubva kure uye akakwanisa kuvanza mumapako akasiyana-siyana uye mamwe mapuranga enyika.

Mumakore ekupedzisira ehondo, imwe nzvimbo yakashandurwa yakaratidza hutano hwakanaka-hunoti bombardment nemabhiza makuru-caliber. Kushandiswa kwavo chaizvoizvo kunoparadza gorges, kudzivirira mujahideen kubva mukana wokutiza.

Paivawo zvakare Kuvhara mabhomba muChechnya . Unyanzvi hwakagadzirwa muAfghanistan hwakakoshawo munyika yavo yekuzvarwa. Kunyanya, chokwadi chekuputira mabhomba kubva kumativi makuru emusha weElistanzhi musi waOctober 7, 1999 inozivikanwa. Vanhu 34 vakafa, kunyanya vakadzi nevana.

Nzira yekugadzira mabhomba inoenderera mberi ichivandudza. Iyo ichashandiswa nguva inotevera, ichiri chikonzero.