Ancient mhangura Russian mari polkopeyki: mavambo uye nhoroondo

Munguva dzekare, Russ bepa mari vasingazivi. Yakaenzana Banknotes nhasi vaiva specie, uye vane yakasiyana siyana nzvimbo munyika yekare: dzisakarurama aiva nechiyero, uremu uye chezita ukoshi. Old Russian mhangura mari mu polkopeyki kwakanga kusino whimsical kana kunyanya kukosha. Chinozikamwa zita rayo chete mariri.

Mukutonga Yechinwiwa Horde wavo Banknotes zvemisoro Russian havana wapiwa, asi Kutama raiva wechiTatar. Mushure kuderedza matambudziko ari Horde munyika Russian munyika dzakawanda munzvimbo mari vakanga yakagadzirwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, uye mazita Banknotes izvi kazhinji aitaurwa kunzvimbo yavo gadzira. Saka, mari idzi vanozivikanwa se Novgorodka, pskovka, Tit uye nevamwe.

Penny uye sablyanitsy

Kudzokororwa kuedza centralize Tichitarisa kusingadzoreki mari nerubatsiro vakabudirira chete panguva Elena Glinsky - mai Ivana Groznogo, uyo achiri muduku muna chokwadi utongi Muscovy. Mukadzi uyu imperious kudzorwa akarirasa hurongwa ehurumende, batanidza nayo akaiisa muhurongwa. Maererano vanowanika kubatana Russian mhangura mari mutana polkopeyki akanga mhando mbiri.

1. mari Novgorod - old mari, anonziwo novgorodka kana mari kopeynymi. Payment chikwata zvakagadzirwa Novgorod, uye zita rake Russian mhangura mari yekare izvi polkopeyki akagamuchira kubva mufananidzo pamusoro obverse ari mutasvi nepfumo.
2. Moscow mari zvinoberekwa nomudzimu Mint of Moscow weutungamiriri. Izvi polkopeyki yekare inonzi sablyanitsami uyewo nekuti chifananidzo pamberi divi mutasvi nomunondo vanomutswa pamusoro musoro wake.

Mari idzi zvakanga zvatova panguva imwe chete, kunyange zvinofungidzirwa munzira dzakasiyana - mumwe vakaenzana maviri Novgorodka Tit.

In emakore mashomanana ariko akarirasa hurongwa zvakasimbisa masangano aya vanoshandisa mari: remazana imwe Ruble inonzi sendi. Zviri varipowo hwezuva nezuva muupenyu yekare Russian mhangura mari iri polkopeyki, mitengo yakanga 1/200 ari Ruble.

The mari nadzurudzo Petro

Paitonga Peter I akare Russian mhangura mari mu polkopeyki zvabatwa kukosha kwayo uye zita rayo. Panguva iyoyo yakasimbiswa yaro zita yokupedzisira - mari. Gare gare, mari chainzi "mipiro", vaiva zvakare rimwe zita - "polkopeyki". Vintage polkopeyki dzimwe nguva yakachinja zita rayo kubva remakore remakore, asi akaramba chete sangano. In zvarinoreva akanga mari iyi anotengeswa kusvikira 1917.

½ sendi muna USSR

simba Soviet rakavambwa nehurumende akabata zvayo mari kuchinja yokutanga muna 1925. Sangano yekare mari yakaramba chete - ½ sendi. Rakanga akabudiswa pamwe chete uremu uye akanga akafanana dhayamita se ayo "hanzvadzi" pre-echimurenga nguva. Muna August 1925, Mint yakatanga nyaya dzinotevedzana mari ½ sendi wokutanga. By October, ari turnover Mari idzi yaiva 160 zviuru rubles. Unorema akasara hafu-Copecks yakatanga kusvika 1925, asi inozivikanwa, uye pamusoro apiwa kusunungurwa mari - muna 1927 uye 1928.

Anoonekana mari

Mushure Second World War kwaidiwa kuzodzosera vashandure mari hurongwa. Muna 1961, kuti Mint vakatanga kutongwa kusunungurwa yoku- mari ½ sendi. A kusvikira kuchengeta zvidimbu hapana anopfuura gumi zvemhangura mari kuti sangano. Pashure pokutaura Yatanga Kuongorora kwakadaro, zvakava pachena kuti vakawanda kugadzirwa run kwavo hakuna kufanira - yakanga yakawandisa kugadzira Mari chairema mari. Naizvozvo, dambudziko mutengo, kwakasarudzwa kuti kumativi uye mari kupinda ½ sendi mubve wechiGeorgian.