Mhando nembatatisi muna Belarus: yokutanga, Medium mangwanani, pakati-mwaka, srednepozdnie, rokuti, tsananguro, negoho

In Belarus mbatatisi kurimwa rakatanga yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore. Maererano nhoroondo data, ari kudiwa ikakura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kutanga XIX remakore mbatatisi raiva widest kufambiswa. chirimwa nzvimbo rakakura nokukurumidza. Pakazosvika pakati pezana XIX remakore, mbatatisi akava chikuru achishandisa mari Belarusian Varidzi. The chigadzirwa iri aivigirwa kuRussia, Germany, kuBaltic nyika. Nhasi Belarus rinokudzwa nzvimbo rechinomwe pakati bhizimisi pakukura nembatatisi mumusika nyika.

Belarusian mbatatisi Chakavanzika Kubudirira

Maererano nenyanzvi, budiriro iri mbatatisi muna Belarus anogona kutsanangura:

• ivhu zvakanaka uye okunze;
• kuvapo tsika refu vari zvinobva kurima;
• refu azvipire rutsigiro nesayenzi;
• Technical midziyo zvitsigiro;
• ruzivo zvakadzama agronomists;
• yakanaka nenzvimbo chinzvimbo, zvikaita kuti anobudirira yokutengesa zvibereko.

basa Breeders

New mhando vave wakasuduruka nokuda Belarusian Research Institute for Potato. Vanouya dzakasiyana mapoka okusimba uye vane zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Zvikurukuru akawanda akanga atendeuka mangwanani uye Medium mangwanani akasiyana-siyana ari Belarusian mbatatisi maberekero.

Vane mukurumbira chaizvo pakati varidzi peminda, sezvo vanobvumira kuwana chirimwa munguva pfupi. Zviri nyore kuunganidza mumwaka matatu mbatatisi chirimwa, pane kumirira achikura mushakabvu-mhando zvikuru asina musoro.

New akasiyana nembatatisi muna Belarus zvakazara kusangana nyika mureza zvinodiwa.

Potato mhando ndiwo:

• Early. Ya kukura uye uswa ivo pfupi. Dyarai Midzi mukutanga April. Kumorwa muna 2 months. The Zvakashatira ichi mhando ndechokuti pasherefu upenyu hupfupi.
• Medium mangwanani. Havanyanyi zvakanaka conserved uye whimsicality. Zvinomera nguva kunotora mazuva 60-80.
• Ko pakati. The inonyanya mhando. Kumorwa mukutanga August. Duration zvinomera kubva pamazuva 80 100. mhando Ndivo zvikuru nevanhu, uyewo kuchengeta uye vane kwazvo kuravira.
• Srednepozdnie. Vane vane mwero. mhando izvi zvinogona kutambura chando chekuchengeta. Zvimwe kumera haina kuzvireva. Duration zvinomera zviri pakati 100 kusvika 120 mazuva.

Belarusian Research Institute for Potato

The Institute yakavhurwa muna 1956. Nanhasi, kuti mbatatisi mhando muna Belarus inoratidza nyanzvi yacho. Nokuti zvose nguva kuvapo Institute akagamuchira 100 Breeders emarudzi matsva. Usati watanga kurima itsva rudzi, ichiidzwa kwemakore matatu. A rekodhi masayendisiti raiva gore 1970 apo Belarusian akasiyana "aika" uye "Loshitsa" yakanga yakadyarwa kota inosvika yaimbova Soviet Union. Last hwokurara tichifunga Institute rinonzi "Manifesto".

Iye zvino, yezvirwere ane itsva chigadzirwa ivhu vanopfuura zviuru 100. Selection miedzo zvinoitiswa kwemakore 12, uye ipapo sarudza yakanakisisa-siyana. Maererano zano iri, kusarudzwa zviri kuitwa Belarus kubva 1927.

Zvachinja mumakore 20 makore Belarus. Kwekutanga matapiri kumhara May 5 akatanga. Zvino kutanga 2 weeks adarika. Naizvozvo pane chikonzero kusika mhando itsva dzakashandisa mukuru tembiricha ambient.

Ndezvipi akasiyana matsva yatinotarisira?

mhando Universal pamusoro nembatatisi muna Belarus hazvizozivikanwi kusikwa. Masayendisiti vakaramba pfungwa iyi. Zvisinei, vari kwangu kwete ndoga. chipo ichi hakunganzi nemasayendisiti rose.

Pfungwa iri inobhadharwa Belarusian masayendisiti mhando kuti kugadzira. It watopiwa yakagadzirwa mbatatisi maberekero, riri yakakodzera pagadzirwe machipisi. Pane basa basa pakusikwa mudzi nokuda fries.

Hutsva mirayiridzo - mbatatisi kubviswa kubudiswa pasina pre-kudziyisa. Nhasi, vagadziri nezvinoda kusarudza kuchengeta chigadzirwa ari tembiricha 8 C °, kuburikidza zvichivhiringidza ikure FIs kana kuchengetera pasi zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri tembiricha kuti mudzi 2-4C °. Muchiitiko chino, asati processing matapiri zvinofanira neshungu panguva tembiricha kuti 14-18S ° kwevhiki mbiri. Izvi kunoderedza shuga kugutsikana. Belarus nyanzvi kushandisa zvose zvavanogona kuti kusika giredhi zvokuti inoda kuchengetwa ari kudziya 2-3S ° pasina kudziyisa.

Kuedza kuumba inobudirira mbatatisi transgenic mhando vasiri korona

Asi kuedza kusika akasiyana mbatatisi muna Belarus, havasi pasi kukurira Colorado mbatatisi beetles, havasati vabudirira. Maererano masayendisiti, kuti chipembenene anokwanisa kuchinjira kumamiriro transgenic mbatatisi kunyange, kubudisa chepfu. masangano akawanda munyika vakarega kushanda mirayiridzo iyi, tichifunga izvozvo maturo.

The chikuru Mutungamiri mbatatisi maberekero dhipatimendi panguva Institute of Potato Growing pamusoro Belarus Vadim Mihanko dzinofunga kuti nemishonga mbatatisi beetles haako. The kumhara zvinoitwa nenzira yakadai kurambidza chipembenene ajairire mugwaro itsva. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, 80% chakasimwa transgenic mbatatisi hwakakanyiwa 20% dzose. Masayendisiti vakaperekedza kumwe kuedza. Ukoshi transgenic mbatatisi chete, izvo Colorado mbatatisi kovakuoriainen agoverwa. 98% kuti tupukanana vakaurayiwa uye 2% akapona uye vachiwanda. The mhedziso ndechokuti pakutsvaka mushonga masayendisiti zvinobatsira kuti pave itsva mhando zvipembenene.

Matapiri "uladar"

Miti iyi ndohwaJehovha itsva mhando mangwanani. Pane yokudyira rwendo. Kukwirira dzakanzi pakati paavhareji, nehafu-dhiramu. Madzinde mutete. Kunosiya svikiro kadikidiki zvirimwa, kumicheto vasina meno. Matapiri "uladar" rinopa maruva pepuru.

Tubers kubva mbatatisi vane denderedzwa chimiro. The ganda iri tsvuku. Zvibereko inotsvedzerera, nameso diki. The pulp zvakare tsvuku. The starch zviri 17%. goho pamwero ndiyo 130-350 quintals por hectare.

Matapiri "uladar" vane mwero, ane yakakwirira azvipire kurwisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokudyara kwakadai kusvika ose nevhu. Cultivar akanga akatunhidzwa Belarusian Breeders. Matapiri zvinonzi nevakawanda kunyenga Russia. Tasters vakaonga kworudzi urwu 7 pfungwa.

Grade "Zvinhu"

Matapiri "zvinhu" kunokonzerwa nebasa Belarusian Research Institute for Potato Breeders. Shoko pacharo rinoreva pfuma. Asi mutauro Belarusian aiva yakasiyana - upfumi. Pakusarudza zita iri hakusi netsaona. Kana anochera mbatatisi tubers vakafanana zvinokosha goridhe. Tubers vari denderedzwa yellow ganda.

Rinoreva patafura mhando. Potato nemaruva chena. chimiro ichi chine kusvika 17% starch. Kana achibika hakusi rima. Zviri husingakwanisi chirwere. The siyana anonyatsorayiridzwa vakachengetedzwa. Inogona kupa matani 650 paminiti hectare.

Breeders Vazhinji vari pfungwa yokuti "zvinhu" matapiri zvinogona kushandiswa senzira zvipenyu chirungiso muvhu nechinangwa kucheneswa kubva siyana mabhakitiriya anokuvadza uye hunokuvadza kuti zvirwere miti.

Grade "Zhuravinka"

Matapiri "Zhuravinka" rinoreva rudzi svikiro mbatatisi. Grade akagamuchira Belarusian Breeders. Chirimwa ine avhareji pakakwirira. The maruva rwehute kwaari. Tuber Rakaumbwa denderedzwa. Zvibereko akafukidza tsvuku ganda. Nyama ine creamy ruvara.

starch zviri chigadzirwa yaiva 19%. negoho indekisi iri 640 quintals por hectare. Matapiri "Zhuravinka" rine zvakanaka kuravira. kugozha Izvi husingakwanisi kuvhundutsa utachiona siyana. Nokuti vagari Belarus, akava chingwa wechipiri nokuda mukuru uye akatsiga goho.

Matapiri "mhepo"

Miti iyi ndohwaJehovha yokudyira pakati-mugiredhi. Nokuti kwayo kurimwa anonyatsoenderana chero rwevhu. The hunde ari anosvikirwa yakakwirira, hafu-mutsetse. Mashizha mbatatisi Greens guru. pamusoro yehombodo mafungu vari munyoro. Beater ane avhareji kukura uye Violet ruvara.

Matapiri "mhepo" rine maruva chiedza rwepingi guru. Tuber ane denderedzwa chimiro. Unobwinya nameso avhareji udzamu. The svuura iri zvishoma mafungu, yellow. The pulp zvakare tsvuku. starch pamwero ndiyo 15%. It ane zvinoshamisa kuravira. Kana kubika matapiri regai svibirika.

Matapiri "kamhepo" Exhibits kuramba zvirwere zvakadai kenza, panofunuka, rugose waMosesi, asi zviri nyore akadaro utachiona hwakakura chirwere sezvo Globodera rostochiensis.

Grade "Lileya"

Matapiri "Lileya" rinoreva Medium mangwanani tafura mbatatisi mhando. Iyewo akagadzira Belarusian Research Institute for Potato Breeders. Chirimwa ine avhareji yakakwirira. girini pakati mashizha. Flowers chena.

The tubers kusiyanisa ichi vari denderedzwa iri chimiro. Ivo akafukidzwa tsvuku ganda. Nyama unotemwa nechiedza tsvuku ruvara. starch pamwero ndiyo 17%. Matapiri anonaka.

The-siyana nemishonga zvirwere zvakadai kenza. It zvinoenderana zvakakwana zvose ivhu mhando. mbatatisi Izvi zvakakodzera mupfudze zvicherwa. Izvi inotsanangura yakakwirira nenhanho yauinayo. Avhareji nhamba iri makirogiramu 400 paminiti hectare. Kana kubika matapiri vari crumbly.

Grade "Zorachka"

Matapiri "Zorachka" rinoreva mangwanani ichiibvira tafura mhando. Hunde ane chirimwa avhareji. Small mitema bepa. zvibereko pamwero 254-316 quintals por hectare. Tuber ane denderedzwa chimiro, akafukidza nameso diki.

The ganda iri tsvuku. Nyama chiedza tsvuku ruvara. kworudzi urwu zvakakwana vakachengetedzwa. Husingakwanisi zvirwere zvakadai kenza uye kunopera nenyunje, neapo kwakakanganisa Globodera rostochiensis.