Ndivo Khmer Rouge Ndiani?

Muna 1968, zvinopesana raitonga Communist Party pakati Kampuchea (CCP) hwakagadzwa mukati paramilitary, rwakazokura mumwe kumativi hondo yevagari muCambodia. Raiva Khmer Rouge. Vakaita Cambodia rimwezve nhare kuti gutsaruzhinji kuSoutheast Asia.

Kwakatangira kuerera

Lamentably nomukurumbira "Khmer Rouge" akazviratidza gore pashure pakutanga murimi mudiki vachimupandukira Battambang Province. Anopamba vakanga vachipikisana hurumende uye Mambo Norodom Sihanouk. Murimi mudiki Kusagutsikana rikasimudzwa uye yaishandiswa CCP. Chokutanga, mauto dzakapanduka vaiva duku, asi panyaya mwedzi Cambodia mukusanzwisisa mhirizhonga yehondo yevagari, iro zvakakodzera sechinoitika rimwezve yechiitiko kweHondo Yemashoko uye hondo pakati enyika maviri hurongwa - komiyunizimu uye capitalism.

Kwapera makore mashomanana akapidigura Khmer Rouge hurumende hwakasimbiswa nyika kubva kwayo rusununguko kubva kuFrance. Zvadaro, muna 1953, Cambodia akaziviswa umambo ane vatongi vakava Norodom Sihanouk. Pakutanga, iye kunyange vakanakidzwa kukurumbira pakati vomunzvimbo. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu kuCambodia destabilized hondo iri pedyo Vietnam, apo kubva mukupera 1950s., Daka nebope pakati vaKomonisiti, vachitsigirwa China uye USSR, uye democratic aifarira-American hurumende. "Red tyisa" yakavanzwa norudo dzakawanda muCambodia. Local Communist Party yakaumbwa muna 1951. Pakazosvika nguva Civil War, chakava mutungamiri Pol Pot.

Ndivanaani Pol Pot

Zvinotyisa zviitiko muCambodia muna 1970 mune ruzhinji pfungwa (kusanganisira nyika yedu) zvinonyanya chokuita mifananidzo miviri. Pol Pot uye Khmer Rouge vakava zviratidzo utsinye uye kwevanhu. Asi mutungamiri chimurenga rakatanga chaizvo achizvininipisa. Maererano pamutemo Biography, akaberekwa musi May 19, 1925 mune unremarkable Khmer musha muduku, zvakavigwa kumwe mumasango kumabvazuva kweAsia. Pakuzvarwa, hapana Pol Pot haana. zita Real mutungamiri Khmer Rouge - Salote Sar. Pol Pot - webato rekunyepedzera, uyo akatora wechidiki echimurenga mumakore ake rezvematongerwe.

Social erevheta mukomana kubva mumhuri mwero akatendeuka dzidzo. Muna 1949, wechiduku Pol Pot akatambira hurumende bhezari, izvo akamutendera kutamira France uye akanyoresa Sorbonne. MuEurope, mudzidzi akasangana vaKomonisiti uye akatanga kufarira echimurenga pfungwa. In Paris, akabatana ari Marxist denderedzwa. Education, zvisinei, Pol Pot haana kuwana. Muna 1952, akanga pekuwanikwa murombo mamakisi kubva yunivhesiti uye akadzokera kumba.

In Cambodia, Pol Pot akatora vanhu Revolutionary Party pamusoro Cambodia, iyo gare gare akanga kuva muKomonisiti. Basa rake rakatanga sangano Asava mutendi mutsva ari dhipatimendi nevazhinji anoparadzirwa. Revolutionary zvakazivikanwa rakabudiswa kudhindwa uye nokukurumidza akava nomukurumbira chaizvo. Pol Pot nguva dzose aiva vavariro zvinoshamisa. Zvishoma nezvishoma Akakwira bato pamanera, uye muna 1963 akava ayo munyori mukuru. Yaiurayiwa Khmer Rouge achiri kure, asi nyaya aita basa rayo - Cambodia akanga pedyo yehondo.

The dzematongerwe of Khmer Rouge

VaKomonisiti gore negore, kuva nesimba. Mutungamiriri mutsva akateya itsva nheyo pfungwa, zvaakanga adzidza kubva Chinese mamwe masoja. Pol Pot uye Khmer Rouge vaiva vatsigiri maosizma - pfungwa dzakaoma ave dzidziso pamutemo kuMiddle Kingdom. Kutaura zvazviri, vokuCambodia vaKomonisiti aiparidza kukuru leftist maonero. Nokuda kweizvi, Khmer Rouge zvakasiyana manzwiro vaiva Soviet Union.

Kudivi rimwe, Pol Pot akabvuma USSR kuumba yeutongi wokutanga October Revolution. Asi vokuCambodia kuipandukira uye vakanga zhinji dzinofunga kuMoscow. Chikamu Pfungwa yakateurirwa kwamuka chete chikonzero pakati USSR uye China.

The Khmer Rouge kuCambodia vakatsoropodza Soviet Union kuti mutemo revisionism. Zvikurukuru, vakanga pamusoro ndichengetedze mari - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviri capitalist ukama munzanga. Sezvo Pol Pot aidavira kuti Soviet Union nekuda kumanikidzwa kwemaindasitiri akanga havaratidzi dzakabudirira kurima. In Cambodia, rokurima chinhu kwainge rakakura basa. Vanhuwo zvavo vaiva munyika iyi, vakawanda vemo. Somugumisiro, apo simba iri kuPhnom Penh kuuya "Khmer Rouge" hurumende, Pol Pot haana kukumbira rubatsiro kubva Soviet Union, asi zvikuru nezvatinovavarira China.

Race nokuti simba

Munguva yehondo yevagari venyika Khmer Rouge akatanga muna 1967 vakatsigira nehurumende North Vietnam. vavengi vavo vakanzwawo vatsigiri. Hurumende vokuCambodia yaitungamirirwa United States uye South Vietnam. Pakutanga, chehurumende aiva mumaoko King Norodom Sihanouk. Zvisinei, pashure pokunge ropa nevapanduki muna 1970, iye rakakundwa uye hurumende yakanga mumaoko Prime Minister Lon Nol. With payo, mamwe makore mashanu Khmer Rouge akarwa.

Nhoroondo hondo yevagari kuCambodia muenzaniso ane womukati kurwisana, izvo achishingaira akapindira mauto dzavatorwa. Panguva iyoyowo, pavanotaurirana yokuVietnam. America vakatanga kupa nouchapupu zveupfumi uye mauto rubatsiro kune hurumende Lon Nol. The US aisada kuva kunyika Cambodia, izvo angaenda rokuzorora uye rive muvengi nemauto Vietnamese pasina zvinetso.

Muna 1973, US ndege vakatanga kubhomba mafungiro ari Khmer Rouge. Panguva iyoyo US mauto akabva Vietnam uye zvino vanogona kuisa pfungwa pakubatsira Penh. Zvisinei, panguva inokosha rayo munoti Congress akati. Muchirwisa colour kuti hombe Anti-militarist pfungwa iri American muvanhu policies akabvunza neMutungamiri Nixon kumisa kubhomba pamusoro muCambodia.

Ezvinhu vairidza mumaoko ari Khmer Rouge. In ezvinhu aya, vokuCambodia vehurumende vakatanga shure. January 1, 1975 akatanga yokupedzisira tsamwisa of Khmer Rouge muguta guru Penh. Zuva guta rakanga kunyimwa zvose itsva PAKAPERA HONDO, uye rin'i kumativi rakapfuurira kuderedza. 17 April, kuti Khmer Rouge akasimbisa kudzora pamusoro guru. Mavhiki maviri asati Lon Nol yakazivisa yokurega ake uye akatamira kuUnited States. Zvaiita kuti hondo achauya munguva kugadzikana uye runyararo. Asi chokwadi, Cambodia akanga vava kuda kunyanya anotyisa dambudziko.

Democratic Kampuchea

Kamwe nesimba, vaKomonisiti kunzi nyika Democratic Kampuchea. Pol Pot, uyo akava musoro wehurumende, yakazivisa zvinangwa zvitatu inokosha hurumende yake. Chokutanga, iye chaizovatadzisa kuparadzwa miduku yokuruwa uye kusiya shure mhindu uye uori. Vavariro Chechipiri chaiva kubvisa kuvimba Kampuchea dzimwe nyika. Pakupedzisira, wechitatu: zvakanga zvakakodzera kudzorera hurongwa munyika.

masirogani zvose izvi zvaiita zvakakodzera, asi chaizvoizvo akatendeuka kubva pakusikwa yakaoma udzvinyiriri. Nyika vakatanga udzvanyiriri, dzakanga hwakaitwa neDare Khmer Rouge. In Cambodia, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, vakaurayiwa pakati 1 uye 3 mamiriyoni vanhu. Facts pamusoro mhosva chakazozivikanwa chete pashure pokuwa Pol Pot hwechiKomonisiti. Panguva yokutonga kwake, Cambodia akakombwa akabviswa nyika yose "simbi keteni". News zvakamupoteredza yomukati upenyu haisi leaked panze.

Kutyisidzirwa uye udzvanyiriri

Pashure pokukunda iri hondo, asi Khmer Rouge akatanga kugadzirisa vanhu Kampuchea rakakwana. Maererano kwayo kukuru dzematongerwe, vakaramba mari uye Kwakabvisa Kunoshandiswa capitalism. City vagari akatanga kusimuka chirwirangwe kumaruwa. Kuparadza kukonzerwa vazhinji zvatinosiita munzanga uye ehurumende nemasangano. Hurumende chakagumisa hurongwa zvokurapa, dzidzo, tsika uye musayenzi. Zvakarambidzwa mabhuku vatorwa mitauro uye. Kunyange kupfeka magirazi zvakakonzera asungwa vanhu vakawanda munyika.

The Khmer Rouge, ane mutungamiri chakagadzwa inokoshesa chaizvo, mwedzi mishomanana havana kusiya aitodada yekare. Udzvanyiriri vakatambura nezvitendero zvose. Nokurohwa akasimba akanga aitira kuti vaBhudha, uyo kuCambodia vaiva zvikuru kuchioneka.

The Khmer Rouge, mufananidzo migumisiro udzvanyiriri iyo nokukurumidza kupararira munyika yose, akaparadzanisa vanhu muzvikwata zvitatu. Boka rokutanga raisanganisira akawanda vanhuwo zvavo. In yechipiri vaiva vagere munzvimbo kwenguva refu akaramba yechiKomonisiti tsamwisa munguva Civil War. Zvinofadza kuti pavaiva vamwe maguta, kunyange US mauto akanga akavakirwa. Maguta ose aya pasi "apiwa dzidzo", kana, mune mamwe mazwi, vakawanda purges.

Boka rechitatu vaiva vakadzidza vafundisi vakuru vaivapo muna rinoitirwa akare nzira. Uyewo, vakanga vakabatana vatariri hondo Lon Nol. Nokukurumidza, panzvimbo vanhu ava vave vakaedza tyisa kurwadziswa of Khmer Rouge. The udzvanyiriri kuitwa pasi sirogani okutambura navavengi vanhu, vatengesi uye shanduka.

Socialism muna Cambodian

Nechisimba akafudza mumusha vanhu aigara communes, kusiyaniswa mitemo yakaoma. Kumboda vanobva kuCambodia vaiita vakanga wakasimwa mupunga uye vanopedza nguva vamwe basa shoma-unyanzvi. The utsinye of Khmer Rouge vaiva noutsinye chirango chero mhosva. Pasina kutongwa vakapfurwa mbavha nezvimwe Vanotyora mutemo zviduku pamusoro runyararo. The ushe inoshanda kunyange kukundikana muchero yecocoa, muridzi neHurumende. Chokwadi, nyika yose, uye mabhizimisi munyika dzakanga nationalized.

Gare gare, dzakawanda akarondedzera mhosva pamusoro Khmer Rouge kwevanhu. Vachiurayiwa rwaiitwa pamusoro evanhu uye madzinza nemitsetse. Zviremera akaurayiwa vatorwa, kusanganisira kunyange Vietnamese uye Chinese. Chimwe chikonzero mhirizhonga yakanga dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Kuenda vanoziva kwandakaita vatorwa, hurumende iri kure zvachose kubva kunze kwenyika Kampuchea. Nedzenyu contactsGoogle anochengetwa chete Albania, China uye North Korea.

Zvinokonzera kuti vachiurayiwa

Zvinodzidziswa Khmer Rouge kufanorongwa kwake nyika chizvarwa rudzi, zvichiita incredible kukuvara aripo uye ramangwana? Maererano pamutemo dzematongerwe enyika mamiriro kuvaka paradhiso mugovanisi vaida akagwinya uye vakavimbika vagari mamiriyoni, uye vamwe vanhu vose mamiriyoni akawanda vaifanira kuparadzwa. Nemamwe mashoko, kwevanhu haisi "vanobwembura pasi" kana mugumisiro maitiro pamusoro vaipomerwa vatengesi. Kwoumhondi vaiva chikamu enyika kosi.

Zvinofungidzirwa nhamba vakaurayiwa muCambodia muna 70s. zvikuru dzinopesana. Musiyano uri pakati 1 uye 3 mamiriyoni anokonzerwa hondo, mijenya vapoteri kuroorana Vatsvakurudzi uye zvichingodaro. D. Chokwadi, hurumende hazvina uchapupu mhosva dzavo. Vanhu vakaurayiwa pasina kutongwa, hazvibviri kudzosa enhoroondo zviitiko zvinenge kuburikidza zvitupa.

Kunyange mafirimu pamusoro Khmer Rouge haagoni chaizvo kutaura rapanzvimbo njodzi kuti akarova anotambudzika nyika. Asi kunyange zvipupuriro shoma dzakanga pachena kuburikidza kumatare dzakawanda, inoitwa mushure mokuparara hurumende Pol Pot, kwakatyisa. The chikuru chiratidzo udzvanyiriri kuCambodia rava mujeri Tuol Sleng. Nhasi kune miziyamu. Mumazuva okupedzisira makumi ezviuru evanhu kujeri iri. Vose vanofanira kuurayiwa. vanhu 12 chete vakapona. Vaiva raki - Havana nguva nhungirwa pamberi kuchinja hurumende. Mumwe vasungwa ivavo aiva kiyi chapupu panguva yavasina nyaya muCambodia.

Religious furidza

Udzvanyiriri pamusoro masangano ezvitendero zvakanyoreswa zviri enshrined mubumbiro, vakatora Kampuchea. The Khmer Rouge makaona chero dhinominesheni ngozi kuti simba ravo. Muna 1975, Cambodia akanga 82,000 dzechiBuddha yemamongi mamongi (mabhosi). Chete vashoma vavo kutiza uye atizire panze. Kuparadzwa mamongi akatora zvachose hunhu. Chokudzingwa hauna kuitirwa munhu.

Akaparadza nyika Buddha, mumaraibhurari muBuddha, temberi uye Pagoda (kusvikira paiva vanenge zviuru zvitatu Civil War, uye somugumisiro hakuna). Sezvo panguva iyo Bolsheviks uye vaKomonisiti muna China, iyo Khmer Rouge vakashandisa zvivako vezvitendero sezvo dzokuchengetera.

Kunyanya utsinye Pol Pot vatsigiri vaibata pamwe nevaKristu, nekuti vakanga vatakuri dzimwe zvinofurira. Udzvanyiriri ndavhiyiwa vose nevesangano nevapristi. Machechi akawanda ndavhiyiwa kuparadzwa uye nomukurasikirwa. Munguva chinotyisa, richiuraya anenge 60,000 nevaKristu uye mumwe zviuru 20 vaMuslim.

The hondo Vietnam

Kwemakore mashoma hurumende Pol Pot kuti Cambodia zvakakonzera zvoupfumi kuparara. mabhora akawanda emari munyika zvakaparadzwa zvachose. Huge vanotambura udzvanyiriri kwakakonzera Kuramba kwakaita hombe dzezvimwe.

Pol Pot, kufanana ose mudzvanyiriri, akatsanangura zvikonzero pokuwa Kampuchea aparadze mabasa vatengesi uye vavengi dzavatorwa. Asi, maonero ichi waitsigira bato. No Pol Pot pachena nzvimbo hariko. Aizivikanwawo "mukoma nhamba imwe" iri masere makuru bato nemifananidzo. Zvino zvinoita zvinoshamisa, asi muCambodia, mukuwedzera, vane akasuma newspeak yavo uye tsika dystopian yokufungidzira "1984". zvakabviswa mashoko mazhinji chaiko (vakatsiviwa itsva anotenderwa batch mangé) kubva mutauro.

Pasinei zvose pfungwa kuedza Party, nyika yakanga anosiririsa ezvinhu. By izvi zvakaguma nedambudziko Khmer Rouge uye Cambodia. Pol Pot, Zvichakadai, akanga akabatikana kukura zvaipesana Vietnam. Muna 1976, nyika vakabatana pasi pokutonga. Zvisinei, kuti napedyo ari mugovanisi hwoudzvinyiriri havana kubatsira kuwana mutauro nevakawanda.

Mukupesana, pamuganhu zvachose ropa skirmishes chakaitika. The pakukura yaiva tsaona mutaundi Batjuk. The Khmer Rouge yakarwisa Vietnam uye richivezwa musha wose, ndiko musha vanhuwo zvavo murunyararo vanenge 3 zviuru. Kusanzwisisana pamuganhu kwenguva dzakaguma muna December 1978, apo mune Hanoi akasarudza kubvisa hurumende dzose Khmer Rouge. Nokuti Vietnam basa kwakaitwa nyore chokuti kuCambodia kunzwa zvoupfumi akawisa. Pakarepo mushure nechisimba vatorwa akatanga yemuna vemo. January 7, 1979 Vietnamese akatora Penh. Simba zvakanga chete akasikwa Kampuchean United Front kuti National Ruponeso, inotungamirwa Heng Samrin.

zvakare guerrillas

Kunyange zvazvo Khmer Rouge akarasikirwa guta, kumadokero kwenyika yakaramba pasi pavo. Anotevera 20 makore, vapanduki vakaramba achinetsa musimboti zviremera. Uyewo, Khmer Rouge mutungamiri Pol Pot akapona uye akaramba kutungamirira chikuru paramilitary mauto, ukryvshimisya mumasango. Pakurwisana vaishungurudza kuurayiwa akatungamirira zvose zvakafanana vokuVietnam (Cambodia pacharo angova matongo uye vaisagona kubvisa ichi kutyisidzira zvakakomba).

Gore negore, akadzokorora rimwe chete rutsigiro. Vietnamese tsime contingent ane zviuru zvishomanana vanhu desyatuov yakarwisa vokumadokero enyika, kuchenesa, uye kuwa kudzokera kwavo yepakutanga nzvimbo. Autumn mwaka madutu akaita zvisingabviri zvinobudirira kurwisa pamwe guerrillas mumasango. Ndyaringo yakanga kuti panguva yevagari vayo hondo, iye Vietnamese vaKomonisiti vaishandisa chete mazano, iyo yava kushandiswa kuzorwa navo pedyo Khmer Rouge.

chokupedzisira kukundwa

Muna 1981, bato vakasundidzira aoma Pol Pot kubva simba, uye pasina nguva iye akazvisvibisa zvachose chikaparara. Vamwe vaKomonisiti vakasarudza kuchinja ayo itsika. Muna 1982, ivo Party pamusoro Democratic Kampuchea rakavambwa. Izvi uye nemamwe masangano akawanda vakabatana pamwe chete kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa, izvo nokukurumidza yakanga kuzivikanwa UN. Vadzvinyirire vaKomonisiti repudiated Pol Pot. Vakabvuma zvikanganiso rapfuura hurumende (kusanganisira zvarisingazivi asiri mari) uye akakumbira ruregerero nokuda udzvanyiriri.

Radicals, akatungamirirwa Pol Pot akaramba mumasango uye yacho nyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, musarudze enyika muna kuPhnom Penh kwakakonzera ndechokuti hurumende nechepakati wakasimbisa. Muna 1989 akasiya Cambodia nokuda Vietnamese nemauto. The Standoff pakati hurumende uye Khmer Rouge kwemakore anenge gumi. Kukundikana Pol Pot akaita seboka mupanduki utungamiri munhu kumubvisa simba. Kamwe inoita asingakundiki mudzvinyiriri pakuiswa pasi aigara mumba. Akafa musi April 15, 1998. Maererano neimwe shanduro, chinokonzera rufu kwakanga kukundikana mwoyo, pane dzimwe - Pol Pot akanga muchetura nevatsigiri vake. Nokukurumidza Khmer Rouge atambura kwokupedzisira kukundwa.