Alexander Golovanov: Biography uye pikicha

Alexander Golovanov - anozivikanwa mudzimba wemauto akashumira muuto reSoviet. Panguva Second World War, akatungamirira Soviet kumberi ndege, uyewo rechi18 Air Army. Pashure pehondo, iye akagadzwa kuti atungamirire rose kumberi avhiyesheni of USSR. Muna 1944 iye kwaitsigirwa kuna Mukuru Air Marshal. In nhoroondo Workers 'uye Varimi' Red Army akava gotwe yokukunda.

Uduku kuti mutyairi nezveramangwana

Alexander Golovanov akaberekwa muna 1904. Iye akazvarwa Russian Empire muguta guru - Nizhniy Novgorod. Vabereki vake vakanga anozivikanwa vagari veguta. Amai - muimbi dhanzi uye baba vake - mukuru Towing chikepe. -Gore 8-okuberekwa Alexander Golovanov akanga kudzidza Alexander kadheti Corps. Saka sezvinoita mwana, kwakasarudzwa kuti aizova muchiuto mune ramangwana.

The Red Guards akapinda gamba ino, kana ndichiri kuyaruka. Muna October 1917, aiva nemakore 13 chete okuberekwa. Zvisinei, maererano nechitarisiko zviratidzo akapiwa zvakawanda. Iye akatarira vose 16, uye kukura kwakanga pasi mamita maviri.

Pashure kubudirira October Revolution rakaitirwa simba yeSoviet. Nechekare muna 1918, akatanga kuwana raramo. Alexander Golovanov Molde kwemakore, akaenda kunoshanda rekutakura muhofisi "Profsohleb", vakarongwa panguva Food Commissariat.

Kuitawo Civil War

Akatora mugove Civil War, Alexander Golovanov. Akanga basa rimwe Scout muna 59th Infantry chemazana chehondo, uyo akashanda revarwi mishoni kumaodzanyemba mberi. Mune rimwe hondo akanzwa chipaparadzungu.

Muchiuto chete muna 1920. Golovanov Aleksandr akanga asarudza kuti muhurumende haana kwaari. Naizvozvo ndapinda Yaunoti Chung. Ichi chikamu chinangwa chinokosha. Sezvo mambakwedza USSR vakadanwa yechiKomonisiti nevarwi kuti aivapo panguva bato siyana masero. basa ravo rakanga kutakura murindi basa panguva yakaoma zvivako, nenzira yose kubatsira hurumende yeSoviet muna hondo yemabhuku-chimurenga.

Pakutanga Chun zvinzvimbo zvakaumbwa chete Party nhengo uye musarudzo veboka. Zvisinei, nokuda 1920, apo Chung akabatana Golovanov Aleksandr, ipapo akatanga kutora Koshanda nhengo vanoshingaira uye kunyange vasiri-party.

Muchiitiko chino, chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro hunhu nyaya yedu yepamutemo magwaro, chimwe asatenderwe rwake kunyora autobiography. In yokupedzisira hapana panotaurwa pamusoro basa Chọn. Alexander Golovanov, mufananidzo uri munyaya ino, anoti kuti mumakore iwayo aishanda basa rokutarisira nerubatsiro Red Army uye Navy ari pambiru rekutakura.

Danho rinotevera ake basa - muna Tsentropechat mumiriri, uye ipapo handyman pamusoro matanda kuyangarara pamusoro "Volgosudstroy" vachida. Pave paya aiva mumiririri uye zvemagetsi pane yechishanu Volzhsky pasherefu GPU, iyo yakavakirwa mumba guta rake - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Basa OGPU

Muna 1924 iye akabatana OGPU Golovanov Aleksandr Evgenevich. Biography of gamba ino yave chokuita muviri ichi inotevera 9 makore.

Decrypts ari GPU sezvo "United State Political Administration," iri kushanda pane imwe Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars. It rakaumbwa muna 1923 achishandisa NKVD.

Mumakore ose OGPU mangwanani akatungamirira Felix Dzerzhinsky, uye kubvira 1926 kusvika 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau vaiita operative basa uye aishanda chaihwo mumadhipatimendi. Ndakaenda rurege chiremera pamusoro dhipatimendi.

Aiitawo kaviri kure mabhizimisi achienda China. Zvikurukuru muna Xinjiang province. At pakutanga 30s. Nguva pfupi asati yakava nhengo All-Union Communist Party pakati Bolsheviks.

The Kusungwa Savinkov

Chakajeka peji basa rake kusvikira GPU vakava kubatanidzwa kusungwa Borisa Savinkova. Uyu ndiwo mumwe vatungamiri Russian Social kuipandukira, mumwe White Guard. A gandanga uye echimurenga.

Mushure Bourgeois chimurenga yaFebruary 1917, iye kwaitsigirwa kuna Commissioner of dikidiki Government. Muna August, pamusoro panowanikwa Kornilov musi Petrograd akava gavhuna uto kweguta. General zvinganaka kuteerera dikidiki Government, asi pakupedzisira akabvuma kukundikana kwake.

October Revolution haritsigiri. Aiitawo pavanotaurirana pamwe Bolsheviks, akaumba uto muzvipiri pamusoro Don, vakatsigira Denikin. Somugumisiro, iye vakatama kubva munyika, kuedza kumisa akwirwe pamwe vezvourudzi, asi pakupedzisira ndokuwira zvizere enyika nevamwe.

Pasinei neizvi, nokuti zvibviswe Anti-Soviet pevhu savinkovskogo OGPU chinozoiswa kuti "Combine-2". Mukati maro uye chikamu Golovanov. Muna August 1924 Savinkov asvika pachivande Soviet Union, coaxed Operatives.

Iye rakaitirwa Minsk nokusungwa kwake. At Savinkov dare conceded kukundwa mukurwisa reSoviet hurumende uye pokuwa pachavo zvinangwa zvavo. Akatongerwa rufu, mutongo wacho nokukurumidza mitigated nokutsiva rimwe mujeri-gore 10.

Maererano pamutemo shanduro, muna 1925, akanga vakazviuraya nokusvetukira kubva wechishanu pauriri hwindo. The nzvimbo akatorwa kuti anobvunzwa, kwakanga kusina mizariro pamusoro mahwindo. Pane imwe nzira shanduro, maererano chaainge vakaurayiwa OGPU. Zvikurukuru, uine Alexander Solzhenitsyn mu yokufungidzira yake "The Gulag Archipelago."

Golovanov - rehurumende mutyairi wendege

Muna 1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha akanzi zvevanhu commissar pamusoro Heavy Industry, apo akanga ari rokuva munyori. Gore rakatevera, akatanga vanoshingaira kuongorora kupupura vendege vezvikepe. Akapedza kudzidza kubva School Osoaviahima (analogue pamusoro DOSAAF ano).

Muna 1933 akatora basa pa "Aeroflot". Saka akatanga basa rake mhepo. Kusvikira pakutanga pavanotaurirana pamwe Nazi vakapinda nechisimba, iye vakamhanyira vehurumende ndege. Akashanda nzira yake achibva zvake mutyairi wendege kuti musoro wedhipatimendi uye, pakupedzisira, mukuru mutyairi wendege.

An chinokosha chinokosha basa rake raiva gore 1935 apo Golovanov akasarudzwa kuti atungamirire East Siberian Department of Civil Air Fleet. Zvaibva muna Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov akavaka basa kwevagari avhiyesheni.

Muna 1937, panguva purges pakati vaKomonisiti, Golovanov adzingwa mubato. Zvisinei, iye akakwanisa kunzvenga kusungwa. Uyezve, akaenda kuMoscow, sezvaakataura, - ". Kutsvaka chokwadi" Uye akabudirira. Metropolitan Commission kudzora webato, akasarudza kuti kudzingwa kwake kwaiva kukanganisa. Zvisinei, muna Irkutsk, haana kudzokera kare akatanga. Akanga asara muMoscow pamusoro pambiru mutyairi. Akaita zvakanaka guru. Chinguvana pashure Golovanov zvakurukurwa rimwe yakanakisisa vezvikepe enyika munyika vehurumende avhiyesheni, waiva mukuru mutyairi wendege dzechikwata chinangwa chinokosha.

Muna 1938, redu gamba nyaya akasimbisa ane enviable chinyorwa. ndege yake zvachose ruzivo vakasvika makiromita miriyoni imwe. Mapepanhau Soviet akatanga kunyora nezvazvo se "mutyairi-shoroma." Nokuti ichi akanga paakavapa ari "Excellence Aeroflot". Uye Vols ayo ose akanga dambudziko-vakasununguka, kuti pamazuva iwayo, kana munhu akarurama kutanga kukunda airspace, aiva kubudirira kukuru. It anova mukurumbira zvechokwadi munhu munyika. mufananidzo wake kunyange kubudiswa pabutiro remagazini "Ogonyok".

Panguva Great Patriotic War

Zvakaitika kubatanidzwa vaimbopota Golovanov vakagamuchira vanopinda nechisimba German yechiFascist asati vakarwisa Soviet Union. Muna 1939 akatora chikamu hondo panguva Khalkhin-. Yaiva unannounced omunharaunda kurwisana nezvombo, urwo rwakatora inoverengeka munharaunda kuMongolia. It chikamu rimwe ruoko, mauto eSoviet uye eMongolia, uye mumwe - the Empire kweJapan.

The kunetsana yakaguma wakakwana kukundwa vokuJapan kupesana. Uyezve, Soviet Union uye Japan nemafungiro akasiyana zviitiko izvi. Kana National historiography kunzi munharaunda muchiuto kupesana, vokuJapan nokuataura sezvo hondo yechipiri Russian-Japanese.

Papera chinguva, Golovanov akaenda pamberi Soviet-Finnish hondo. hondo iyi yakatora zvishoma pane mwedzi mitanhatu. Zvakatanga nepfungwa yokuti Soviet Union vakapomera Finland kutokonora. Naizvozvo, Council zvakazara mhosva kurwa pamusoro Air nyika. Zvakaguma kuguma runyararo chibvumirano, pasi izvo Soviet Union akabva 11% muFinland. Zvadaro, nenzira, Soviet Union kwainzi atadza uye akanga adzingwa League of Nations.

Zvaakanga chikamu mukurwisana izvi zvose, Golovanov akasangana Great Patriotic War zvaisangana mutyairi wendege zvechiuto. Kare mangwanani 41 vakasuwa pamberi kurwisa Hitler, akanyora tsamba kuna Stalin, izvo wakarurama kudiwa zvakananga kugadzirira vezvikepe kubhururuka refu-Range bhomba. Kunyanya ekunze akaipa, kuti chete uye kuti yakakurisa dzakakwirira.

Muna February, akanga musangano hwepedyo Generalissimo, migumisiro raakanga akagadzwa mukuru siyanei hondo pakati kumberi avhiyesheni. Muna August, akapiwa pambiru mutungamiri Air Division mamwe matanho. Uye mumwe musoro Chakabvumirwa muna October. Major General Aviation Alexander Golovanov akagamuchira. Hondo Yenyika II vakamborwa akwanise kuratidza pachake mumhepo fronts. Pausiku itsva 1942, akava mukuru avhiyesheni weboka refu-siyana pamwero wenyika Mukuru Wehondo.

mhepo Marshal

Muna 1942 ino akava gamba kutungamirira kumberi avhiyesheni. Muna May, yakapiwa pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi mukuru. Kubvira ipapo, uye kusvikira pakuguma hondo yakanga guru iri yose Soviet kumberi avhiyesheni. Panguva iyoyowo ainakidzwa tsitsi, kuremekedza uye chivimbo pamusoro chikamu Stalin mukuru. Saka kurovedza muchiuto pokutanga haana refu kuuya.

Sezvo March 1943 - Colonel-General. Uye August 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Marshal. Panguva yehondo iye akagadzwa mutungamiri rechi18 Air Army, mune yayo yose kumberi Ndege munyika yakanga zvakananga akaisa pfungwa iyoyo. Pasinei zvepamusoro, Golovanov aigara vaiitawo muhondo mishoni. Zvikurukuru, akaenda kure kubhomba vachirwisa pakutanga hondo. Kana chirimo cha1941, mukati mwedzi mumwe, vezvikepe Soviet rinoitwa dzakatevedzana aviabombardirovok Berlin.

Izvi pashure hombe bombardment of Moscow, iro rakatanga anenge pakarepo pashure pehondo kwakatanga. Nepo Goebbels kunyange aiva nguva kutaura kuti Soviet mhepo simba akakundwa chose, uye Berlin haazombofi akadonhedza rimwe bhomba. Golovanov sowakajeka akaramba ichi kwakasimba.

Ndege yokutanga Berlin rakaitirwa 7 August. ndege Soviet nendege pagungano kukwira pamusoro 7000 mamita. The vezvikepe vakanga haana kubviswa yakachena chifukidzo, uye kuwana sai rakarambidzwa. Kana richibhururuka pamusoro ndima German Ndege eSoviet akanga kakawanda kuwana, asi vokuGermany saka vakanga vasingagoni kufungidzira mukana kurwiswa vaiva nechokwadi kuti akanga ndege yavo. Over Stettin kunyange zvaisanganisira Spotlights kwavari, akatora kwevaya ndege yacho Luftwaffe. Somugumisiro, vazhinji shanu ndege aigona kudonhedza mabhomba Berlin uye yakanyatsojeka lossless vakadzokera kwavaiwanzogara.

Golovanov akagadzwa mukuru kusimuka izvi mushure kuedza wechipiri, kwakaitika musi 10 Nyamavhuvhu. It hakuna kubudirira zvakadaro. Pakati 10 motokari kudonhedza mabhomba Berlin aigona chete 6, asi vaviri chete adzoka. Pashure paizvozvo, gamba Soviet Union Vodopiyanov kubviswa pambiru yake mukuru weboka, chikatsiviwa Golovanov.

The gamba kuti nyaya dzedu akadzokorora nendege pamusoro muvengi guru. ruzivo German panguva yakati kuti akanga pakati vashoma vane rakasiyana kodzero pachake vawane Stalin. Zvapedzisira rinomuti chete nezita rinokosha chiratidzo chivimbo.

With zvakaitika makore iwayo uye akabatanidza ndege Stalin panguva Tehran Conference, uyo pachake akarongeka Golovanov. Nzira akaenda ndege mbiri. Zvinokonzera vhiri rechipiri, capping aiva Golovanov. Uye Stalin, Voroshilov uye Molotov akaronzesa kutakura refutenendi General Aviation Viktor Grachev.

Muna 1944, Golovanov utano zvakakomba hwakaipa. It kwakatanga kuvhiringidza kurwadza kwacho, disruptions mumwoyo, kufema kusungwa. Maererano vanachiremba, mhaka ichi chaiva dzose kushaya hope, izvo chaizvoizvo zvakatungamirira kuparadzwa nechepakati tsinga. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti munguva yehondo pamwe Nazi Germany Golovanov akasiyira chinyorwa nokuda Soviet muchiuto, achifumira kubva chinzvimbo wevarwi kune mukuru mhepo yokukunda.

Fate pashure pehondo

Pashure pehondo, muna 1946, Golovanov akagadzwa mukuru kumberi avhiyesheni of Soviet Union. Zvisinei, pashure pemakore maviri akabvisa ake pambiru. Maererano vakawanda, chikonzero chaiva utano, izvo kutambura zvikuru pashure pehondo.

Golovanov kudzidza kubva Academy of General Staff. Asi zvino havana kugona kudzokera mauto. Pakanga pasina chinangwa. Hapana vainyara Alexander E. zvakare tsamba Stalin. Uye kare muna 1952 akarayira mumwe kuenda neherikoputa Corps. Yaiva chinoshamisa kwazvo chisarudzo. Never kare munhoroondo avhiyesheni Corps akarayira haana yokukunda bazi. Nokuti iye, zvakanga zvakare shoma. Golovanov kunyange akakumbira maererano nyora chikumbiro musi achideredza chinzvimbo konoro mukuru, asi iye akaramba.

Muna 1953, pashure pokufa Iosifa Stalina, gamba ino pakupedzisira akatuma Reserve. Pashure 5 years, akagarisa pamusoro pambiru mutevedzeri mukuru Research Institute of Civil Aviation yokutizira basa. Iye pamudyandigere muna 1966.

Bhuku nendangariro

Mushure pamudyandigere, gamba ino wakazviratidza ari munyori, memoirist. Ibhuku nendangariro akanyora Golovanov Aleksandr. "Long-siyana bhomba" - sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi. Munzira dzakawanda, Biography ichi chakatsaurirwa kumisangano pachavo uye kutaura Stalin. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, muupenyu hwake akabuda zvinokosha maronda. Uncensored chinyorwa vaverengi takakwanisa kuona chete mukupera 80s.

Muna 2007, ichangoburwa panguva nguva racho netsamba Aleksandra Golovanova. Bibliographie nemunyori, nenzira, ane bhuku chete. Asi nekuda kwaizvozvi haina kuva zvishoma zvinokosha.

Golovanov pachake akafira muna 1974. Akanga ari '71. The mariro kwakaitika panguva Novodevichy Cemetery.

upenyu Personal

Alexander Golovanov, vane mhuri hwagara akatsigira, akaroora muduku kumukunda unoshambadzirana wokutanga chikwata. Zita rake raiva Tamara. Akanga ari chizvarwa Vologda Province. Iye akapukunyuka murume wake nemakore anopfuura 20. Akafa muna 1996 chete.

Vaiva nevana vashanu. vanasikana vana - Svetlana, Tamara, Veronica naOlga, uye mumwe mwanakomana - Sviatoslav. Akanga muduku.