Meister Eckhart: Biography, mabhuku, mharidzo uye pfungwa pakunamata

Meister Eckhart (1260 - 1327) - husinganzwisisiki German, nyanzvi uye muzivi uyo akadzidzisa yakakura Uzivi rechitendero: kuona Mwari zvose. Esoteric ruzivo uye anoshanda. Uzivi zvokunamata akamuita dzakakurumbira, asi zvakaita kuti kupomerwa nhema neDare Raibvunzurudza vemo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvaainyora kwakarambidzwa sezvo vemanyepo, vanoramba chinokosha tsime usingaonekwi ruzivo mukati tsika dzechiKristu, vamiririri zvacho Silesius, Nikolay Kuzansky, Beme Yakob, Ekhart Meyster, Kierkegaard, Frantsisk Assizsky, uye vamwe.

kwakarongwa vitae

Eckhart Von Hochheim akaberekwa Tambahe pedyo Gotha muThuringia nechepakati Germany nhasi. Rwave chikamu nesimba enyika kufamba mu Ages Europe dzechitendero. Other anozivikanwa nhamba vechitendero vakanga vakaberekerwa ikoko, muri Mechthild pamusoro muMagdeburg, Tomas Myuntser uye Martin Lyuter.

Yakaramba isina zvakawanda zvakavimbika mashoko ari okutanga upenyu Eckhart, asi, sokuti, nemakore 15, akasiya musha kukumbanira Dominican Order ari pedyo Erfurt. Order rakaumbwa kumaodzanyemba kweFrance muna 1215 St. Dominique wakatongofanana kuparidza, ane nhengo vakadzidziswa kuva mudzidzisi uye mutauri. Muna 1280 Eckhart akatumwa Cologne kugamuchira zvinhu yepamusoro, kusanganisira 5 makore kudzidza uzivi uye dzidziso 3 years. Pakati mumakirasi ndiwo maawa 3 pazuva kuverenga yemamongi upenyu, munamato, Orationes Secretae uye wakanyarara kwenguva refu. In Cologne Urquhart akasangana dzezvemidzimu-yepamusoro Albert Mukuru, Dhokotera Science uye mudzidzisi Fomy Akvinskogo - yakakurumbira webhaibheri chechi. By 1293 Eckhart pakupedzisira akagadzwa mumongi.

Kudzidza muParis

Muna 1294 akatumirwa kudzidza "mitsetse" Petra Lombardskogo muParis. University of Paris yaiva musimboti Ages dzidzo, apo akakwanisa kuwana kupinda ose basa rinokosha uye, sokuti, verenga vazhinji vavo. In Paris, akava mudzidzisi panguva Dominican chechechi pakati Saint-Jacques, uye gare gare akanga akagadzwa abbot of yemamongi Erfurt haana kure yokwaakazvarirwa. mukurumbira wake sezvo webhaibheri uye Vasati anofanira kunge akanaka, nokuti akanzi kutungamirira nharaunda Saxony, umo maiva 48 dzemamongi. Eckhart kwainzi akanaka uye vakarongeka mutariri, asi zvaainyanya chido chaiva pachena murayiridzo kuparidza.

In May 1311 Eckhart akakokwa kudzidzisa Paris. Zvakanga kumwezve Kusimbiswa mukurumbira wayo. Vatorwa kashoma kupiwa ropafadzo kukokwa kaviri kudzidzisa Paris. This post akamupa musoro Meister (kubva muchiLatin Magister - "tenzi", "mudzidzisi"). In Paris, Eckhart kazhinji munyaya inopisa nharo dzechitendero Franciscans.

The chikuru Chikamu mabasa ake akanga kudzidzisa nhengo Dominican Order, uye kudzidza voruzhinji. Iye akawana mukurumbira somudzidzisi chakasimba inotokonya pfungwa vadzidzi vake. Meister Eckhart mharidzo nziyo uye asinganzwisisiki zvekupfakira chaikosha dzisina kutaurwa kana kurerutswa mune zvetsika mubhaibheri uye chechi dzidziso. Aivawo nemano husava pfungwa dzakaoma uye tsanangura mumutauro pachena kuti vanhuwo vanoda. Izvi zvakawedzera ake mukurumbira pachake uye mharidzo yake vakanga dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Muna 1322 Eckhart, muparidzi inozivikanwa kwazvo nguva, akakurudzirwa Cologne, apo akapa hurukuro yake yakakurumbira zvikuru.

huMwari murume

uzivi Eckhart kunosimbiswa huMwari murume. Kazhinji akataura pakunamata richibatanidza mweya uye Mwari. Mumwe wake mashoko yakakurumbira inoti: "Ziso chandinacho kuona Mwari ndiye chete ziso nawo Mwari anondiona. Meso angu uye meso Mwari -. ziso rimwe uye ziso rimwe, uye imwe zivo, uye mumwe rudo "

Izvi nowenyika mashoko aJesu kuti iye baba vake - mumwe. Eckhart okuti rinoratidzawo kuti uzivi rwake maererano zvitendwa Eastern, kusimbisa pedyo naMwari.

capacious pfungwa

Meister Eckhart aiva vakaita husinganzwisisiki, nokuti akadzidzisa kukosha Anyarara pfungwa kuti ungagamuchira kuti pamberi paMwari. "Kundokumbira nyasha pfungwa zvose zvinobvira. Chii chinonzi wakadzikama pfungwa? Kudzikamisa pfungwa hapana kunetseka chinhu uye kwete achipfuura, vakasununguka kubva zvisungo youdyire uye zvachose merges pamwe kwaMwari uye ndiye akafa pamusoro yake. "

yokuzviparadzanisa

Eckhart vakadzidzisawo kukosha yokuzviparadzanisa. Kufanana nedzimwe dzidziso esoteric, uzivi Meister vakafunga kuti inotsvaka kuparadzanisa pfungwa kusatsauswa enyika, zvakadai sokuda somuenzaniso.

Hwakasimba yokuzviparadzanisa anotungamirira munhu akafanana naMwari. "Kuti achazadzwa zvinhu kuva chinhu Mwari; kuti chiro zvinhu zvinoda muzadzwe Mwari. "

Mwari pose pose

Meister Eckhart aidavira kuti Mwari ari zvose zvipenyu, kunyange akasiyanisa pakati Wamazvirokwazvo Mwari, kuti zvakanga mhiri kwose uye kuratidzwa Mwari munyika. "Tine kuwana Mwari chete pazvinhu zvose uye nguva dzose kuwana Mwari chete pazvinhu zvose."

Kunyange zvazvo Eckhart aiva kumunzwisisa, iyewo aridzirwe udyire basa munyika kubatsira kukunda noudyire hunhu wemunhu.

Kupomerwa nhema

With kuwedzera ayo mukurumbira, vamwe vakuru vakuru vechechi nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vakatanga kuona dzidziso dzake vanyengeri zvinhu. Kunyanya, bhishopu mukuru Cologne, ainetseka kuti akakurumbira mharidzo Eckhart nyore uye kudzidza vanhu vari kutsausa, "izvo zviri nyore kuita kuti kukanganisa vateereri vake."

Muna 1325, mumwe mumiririri Pope Nicholas muStrasbourg, akumbirwa Pope John XXII akaongorora basa muparidzi uye akazivisa vakatendeka avo. Asi muna 1326 Meister Eckhart akanga pamutemo mhosva chitendero, uye muna 1327, bhishopu mukuru Cologne arayira inquisitorial muitiro. In February 1327 muparidzi wokutanga akaita vaneshungu kudzivirira zvavaitenda. Akaramba kuti akanga achiita chinhu chakaipa, uye kuratidza pachena ake mhosva. Sezvo Meister Eckhart vaiti mharidzo pakunamata uye musingaitirani nharo akanga achida kukurudzira vanhuwo uye mamongi vanoedza kuita zvakanaka uye kuva norudo Mwari udyire. Zvichida akashandisa mutauro unorthodox, asi vavariro dzake dzakanga dzakanaka uye akanga achida kudzidzisa vanhu kukosha Dzidziso dzidziso dzaKristu zvokunamata.

"Kana kuti murege kudzidzisa vasingazivi, havazombofi kudzidza, uye hapana achazomboziva unyanzvi vapenyu uye kufa. Vasingazivi kundodzidzisa tariro akatendeuka kubva vasingazivi kuti chinoziva vanhu. "

"Ndinoonga rudo yakakwirira upenyu hwose hwevanhu zvinofanira akarerwa sehofisi udyire kunobva rudo zvose, kuna Mwari: murume muchavazve tenzi pamusoro zvakasikwa, ari Mwari uye kurera nayo kuna Mwari."

Rufu ari papa dzokugara

Pashure akawanikwa mhosva Bhishopi Mukuru Cologne, Meister Eckhart akaenda Avignon, uko Pope John XXII akamisa pedare kuongorora muparidzi mhosva. Pano Eckhart akafa muna 1327 Papa asati asvika chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Pashure porufu rwake, musoro Catholic Church akadana vamwe Meister manyepo, vakawana 17 zvinhu zvinopesana kutenda Catholic, uye mumwe 11 vakanga vaifungidzirwa ichi. Zvinofungirwa kuti kwaiva kuedza yokungoita mu usingaonekwi dzidziso. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvainzi kuti Eckhart recanted maonero ake kunyange asati afa, saka iye pachake akaramba asina mhosva. nzwisisa ichi chaiva chokufadza vatsoropodzi ake uye vatsigiri.

simba Eckhart

Pakafa muparidzi nevakawanda mukurumbira wake kwave dzakazungunuka paakashora Pope vamwe zvaakanyora. Asi akanga achiri nesimba muDominican Order. Ekhart Meyster, vane mabhuku vasina mhosva muchidimbu, vakaramba pfungwa dzavo vateveri kuburikidza zvavainyora. Vazhinji Fans ake vakatora chikamu mune kwebasa shamwari dzaMwari, hwaivapo munzvimbo yose mudunhu. Vatungamiriri vatsva zvishoma zvikuru pane Eckhart, asi vakaramba zvaaidzidzisa.

Husinganzwisisiki Meister anotarira zvichida kuti zvave pakasikwa munhu kusazivikanwa rechi14 basa remakore "Theology of warsaw." basa izvi zvakarwadza zvikuru muRoma. "Chitendero Chinodzidzisa warsaw" rakanga zvikuru, nokuti akashora basa kereke akanyatsorongwa uye akasimbisa kukosha zvakananga kukurukurirana naMwari. pfungwa idzi vakashandiswa Martin Luther, kana iye akapikisa masimba yeRoma Katurike.

The kumutsidzirwa dzidziso

In nemipfumbamwe maviri emakore, zvakawanda tsika zvomudzimu achangobva aisimbisa dzidziso uye nhaka, Meister Eckhart. Mashoko pamabasa ake vakashandisa kunyange John Pope Paul II: «Zvine Eckhart akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake zvose kuti Mwari anoda kupfuura - ndiko kubuda pachako uye Mwari ngaave Mwari mamuri. Iwe vaizofunga kuti kupatsanura pachavo kubva zvisikwa, husinganzwisisiki anosiya vanhu shure. The chete Eckhart anoti, nekusiyana, iyo usingaonekwi chishamiso chipo panguva chete pamwero apo rinogona zvechokwadi kuita izvozvo, kuti zviri Mwari. "

VaKaturike vakawanda vanodavira kuti dzidziso muparidzi German yakafanana tsika refu uye zvakafanana muuzivi Fomy Akvinskogo - chiremba kereke uye nevamwe Dominican. Eckhart chinokosha basa netsika chinyorwa kunamata kwechiKristu uye zvitendwa.

Meister Eckhart akanga adzoka mukurumbira zvinoverengeka vazivi German, uyo aikoshesa basa rake. Izvi zvinosanganisira Frants Pfayfer, uyo ikazobudiswazve mabasa ake muna 1857, uye Schopenhauer, uyo akashandura "Upanishads" uye akaenzanisa dzidziso Meister magwaro ose Indian uye Islamic esoteric. Maererano naye, Buddha, Eckhart, uye iye - zvose zvinodzidzisa zvakafanana.

Beme Yakob, Ekhart Meyster, uye dzimwe Mystics vechiKristu vaiona vadzidzisi zvikuru theosophical kufamba.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, ari Republic vakashanda kubvisa zita muparidzi German uye nenzira itsva chiedza chivheneke uye kudiwa basa rake. Muna 1992, General Tenzi Order akaita chikumbiro chepamutemo kuna Cardinal Ratzinger kukanzura nzombe akakamukana, vakapiswa vari Meister. Kunyange zvazvo izvi hazvina kuitika, kuti vapore ake anogona kunzi kushanda. Chinogona kunzi mumwe mukuru vatenzi kuWestern kunamata.

nhaka Eckhart

The vasara mabasa Eckhart kuti Latin zvakanyorwa pamberi 1310 vari:

• "Mibvunzo Paris";
• "General Introduction kushanda muzvikamu zvitatu";
• "Nhanganyaya basa zvavaitenda";
• "Introduction basa nemashoko ';
• "Comments musi Genesis";
• "Bhuku iri mufananidzo Yokubata";
• "Commentary pamusoro peBhuku Exodus";
• "Commentary riri muBhuku Uchenjeri";
• "Kudzidzisa uye hurukuro pamusoro chitsauko maviri namana Muparidzi";
• "Commentary on Rwiyo rwaSoromoni";
• "Commentary on St. John";
• "Paradhiso pfungwa mweya";
• "Kudzivirirwa" uye vamwe.

Anoshanda German:

• "86 mharidzo mweya uye pfungwa";
• "Kukurukurirana kutungamirirwa";
• "Bhuku kunyaradzwa naMwari" uye vamwe.