1. First mitemo Peter Peter mitemo 1. Peter 1 shamisa

Nokuti munhu aifarira munhoroondo wokuRussia wehurumende, pakupedzisira aifanira kukurira anecdotes kuti nhasi vava vamwe nemirayiro Peter 1. Kubva uchadzidza pamusoro zvakawanda zvisingatarisirwi sarudzo mambo muvandudzi uyo akashandura upenyu paruzhinji munyika kuguma XVII ino - kutanga XVIII emakore chii chinonzi zvachose pasi.

Today Peter 1 zvirevo zviri vakadzidza kuzvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti. Vamwe vavo akasekwa, munhu kunonzwisiswa chaiwo. Asi ichi chinoshanda ino nguva. Pakutanga ari XVIII remakore, zvinyorwa izvi zvaiva nokuda ruzhinji "kumhura uye youtsinye hukuru."

Zvimwe zvisarudzo mambo Somuenzaniso, chirevo pamusoro primogeniture Peter 1 kwakatungamirira wezvakashata. Other sei fashoni, upfumi uye hondo. Unenge kunongova chimwe: namambo vanachandagwinyira nzira kuedza dzifambirane munhu mira nzanga nguva yake.

hurongwa yokugara

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munhoroondo ehurumende rava chirevo pamusoro primogeniture Petro 1. It yakabudiswa muna 1722. Gwaro hwachinja zvose nheyo simba. Zvino handina mugari wenhaka kumukuru mumhuri, uye uyo achagadza mutsivi wake changamire.

Chirevo kutsivana Peter 1 kwave akadzima chete Emperor Paul I muna 1797. Vasati kuti, akashanda sehwaro vazhinji romuzinda the, kuponda uye chivande. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga kunambwa Petro kuzvidzivirira nechiyero pamusoro kuchinja manzwiro vanhu vari kusagutsikana kuchinja.

gore idzva

We anoratidza kuti funga zvikuru nevanhu mirairo Peter 1. Zvichida chinozivikanwa kufambidzana mitemo miviri: kupemberera itsva gore uye ndebvu. On wechipiri ichakurukurwa pashure. Sezvo wokutanga chirevo, Saka, maererano nechido mambo, kubva 1700, muna Muronga Russia akapfuura munyika European nenzira.

Kuti zvino gore haana kutanga muna September, uye rokutanga January. Chronology iri kuitwa kubva pakuzvarwa kwaKristu, uye kwete kubva pakusikwa kwenyika sezvo asati. Saka, pane mwedzi rechina 7208, yakava yokutanga muna 1700.

ndebvu

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru utsanzi Russian chevaux pashure adzoka Europe akauya kuveza pamusoro ndebvu. Next achapiwa mirairo vazhinji Peter 1, anosetsa uye zvakakomba. Asi hapana akaita hasha dzakadaro pakati boyars, saizvozvo.

Saka, muna makumi maviri nezvitanhatu hono nehadzi akwegura inounganidzwa panguva vamiririri anokudzwa mhuri, akatora peya chigero ndoparadza vamwe ndebvu dzavo. Zviito zvakadaro vakawira nzanga kupinda kuvhunduka.

Asi mambo wechiduku haana kugumira ipapo. Iye vakaisa mutero pamusoro ndebvu. Munhu aida kuchengeta chiso bvudzi, aifanira kubhadhara imwe mari gore negore kusvikira muchivigiro.

Saka, kuziva zvakanga mazana matanhatu rubles pagore, nokuti vatengesi - zana, makumi matanhatu townsmen zvakaipa, uye varanda uye nevamwe - matatu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti izvi zvakanga zvakakomba zvikuru pakuverengwa mumazuva iwayo. Kubva mutero uyu wepagore pakunomboita varimi chete, asi pasuo reguta, uye vaifanira kubhadhara masendi kubva ndebvu.

fashoni mibvunzo

mitemo yakawanda Peter 1 upenyu paruzhinji. Uchibatsirwa wavo, mambo akaedza kupa Russian kwamachinda European chitarisiko.

Chekutanga, nokupedza zvikuru pakuvaka St. Petersburg, Kesari vakapinda yakazara yemapuranga zambuko. Saka, zvakanga akapa kurambidza esimbi pazvitsitsinho pazvitsitsinho. Nokuti avo kutangwa faindi, uye sale - ari kutorerwa pfuma uye muranda.

Akatevera pfungwa hanya muchiuto. Sezvo Petr Veliky zvakakomba mubasa updating kunatsa, pfungwa inobhadharwa zvose chaizvoizvo. Somuenzaniso, chirevo wakabudiswa "mabhatani vasonanidza kusvika pamberi musoja dzechisoja." chiyero ichi chaiva kuwedzera upenyu breech zvipfeko, sezvo kutsakatisa muromo wake vakava zvisingabviri ruoko.

Also kwakamboitwa mumaguta European mufashoni. The Emperor akarayira zvose kutsiva chinyakare nguo refu pfupi masutu "wokuHungary maitiro".

Uye pakupedzisira, yomuchinda vakadzi akaranga kuongorora freshness yomucheka kuitira "varege nyadza vanatenzi yokumwe tsvina scents, zvinonhuhwira kupaza."

Pakuvaka uye unhu

Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira ndicho chirevo cheWekumusoro Peter 1 pamusoro unhu. Hazvina kufanana nevakawanda sezvo vazhinji mitemo musoro, vakagamuchirwa namambo, asi tichibatsirwa weuto Russian akakwanisa kukunda pa Poltava.

Saka, kuwana kuti pfuti pamwe Tula chirimwa havasi hwakanaka chaizvo, mambo akarayira muridzi uye anokonzera vasungwe kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Zvadaro, vakanga vakatondeswa kuenda chirango ari muchimiro kupondwa nezvamboko uye achinyora kuutapwa. Petr Veliky akasarudza kunyatsotevera kuongorora unhu kugadzirwa zvinhu panguva fekitari. Kuti kuzvidzora akatumira Tula Zvombo rose muhurongwa. Nokuti chero muchato vakafunga chirango tsvimbo. Mukuwedzera, muridzi itsva, Demidov, mambo akarayira kuti kuvaka kari vose vashandi, sezvo muridzi.

No dzinonakidza zvishoma ndicho chirevo cheWekumusoro Peter 1 pakuvaka. Mambo anoda kutanga kuvaka St. Petersburg, vakarambidza kuzomisa vakapoteredza nyika ibwe imba. Naizvozvo, vose nyanzvi vakaungana kushanda kuna Neva.
Saka, mambo nekukurumidza akakwanisa kuvaka guta.

nyaya muchiuto

Imwe yakakurumbira anecdotes ndiyo nhasi chirevo Petro 1 pamusoro nhapwa. Kutaura zvazviri, kuvapo kwayo haina vaudzewo, asi zviri pamazuva edu, vanoti, pamiromo wose. Pairi ichakurukurwa gare gare munyaya.

.

Zvino isu hatisi kutaura pamusoro akakurumbira "musoro chirevo Peter," uye pamusoro chaizvoizvo zvinhu zvinokosha. Naizvozvo, mambo hondo muSweden muna kurichemera vanokwanisa vakuru. Saka, zvakasarudzwa kuti kupa mutorwa vachivimbisa zvepamusoro muuto Russian. Saka, varwi vose European iri yepamusoro nemapoka nezvakaitika kune vatungamiri takakokwa kuti nyika yedu pagungano muhoro, kaviri mari mudzimba vakuru.

The sefungu "vashandi pamutemo" wokutanga waiva, maererano vaairarama Petro, "ainetsa kuti rogues." Saka, kune dzimwe mapurisa ari wokutanga basa yabvuma kuti yeSweden. Asi kutadza haana kushora mambo, uye pakupedzisira, asvika chinangwa. Uto The Russian akadzidziswa uye rearmed.

Zviya, maererano upgrading, ipapo uchapupu simbi vechechi mabhero vari pfuti mushure "kunyara pa Narva". Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pano mambo akaratidza rupo. Saka, chechi pfuma, haafaniri kutorwa, uye vakatora rendi. Pashure pokukunda pana Poltava mambo wokuSweden kubva atora pfuti akarayira kuti vakakanda zvitare uye muvadzose kunzvimbo.

zvoupfumi mitemo

Petr Veliky akatanga 1 uye zvoupfumi utsanzi. Tikatarisa matatu chirevo, iro zvikuru akazunungusa nheyo zvetsika Russian.

Saka, maererano mutongo wokutanga, hurumende akasuma "kushorwa zvipikirwa uye fufuro." Nokuti zvakafanana kudarika vaifungidzira kuti wapamusoro. Kuti adzivise zvinokonzera kuti vasundire vakuru vakuru kuti vaite imwe mhosva, mambo akamutsa mari kuti vashandi vehurumende. Asi zvakanzi zvairambidzwa "chero pfumbamuromo, zvokutengeserana, chibvumirano uye zvipikirwa."

Panguva iyoyo, okurapa vanhu, zvikuru kure kunyange zvinokosha dzamaoko kwaiwanzonzwika Russia. Saka, mumwe mutemo unorambidza "chiitwa kubva mishonga uye okurapa vanhu vose kuti havasi kurudyi."

Wokupedzisira chokwadi ndiye wosekwa pane chokwadi. Saka, kuti achiripo zvinotevera mashoko wamambo: "Collection mitero - mbavha basa. Havazivi kuvabhadhara, uye ugoisa kamwe pagore, mumwe kune mumwe akanga asiri povadno ".

uvandudze matanho

Emperor Petr Veliky 1, pashure Ndadzoka kubva rwendo kuenda Western Europe, kufungisisa anonzi kudzorera hurongwa Russian Empire. Kuwedzera kune dzimwe nyaya zhinji vakarerwa uye nyaya rucheno, moto kudzivirirwa uye kuvandudzika.

Chokutanga, mutemo wakadzikwa "On pautsvene muMoscow." Akaranga vagari vose kutevera marara mumigwagwa napavazhe. "Kana izvozvo, kuti atore muguta uye akavigwa pasi." Kana cherechedzai unmade tsvina kubva muchivanze wako, kusangomanikidzira fines kana varohwa neshamhu.

The chirevo chechipiri kurondedzera chete kuti shipbuilding uye Zvikepe. Maererano naye, yokugadzirisa zvikepe uye upenyu pamusoro pavo, dongo zvose zvinofanira kubviswa. Kana pane imwe nefoshoro masarasara kuwira mumvura, akapa chirango. Wokutanga mhosva, zvakanga zviri uwandu mwedzi mumwe muhoro, uye nokuda yechipiri - hafu-gore. Panguva wechitatu nefoshoro marara murwizi, mapurisa demoted paukuru uye faira, uye vanhuwo vafambisi ndokuendeswa kuSiberia.

Wemukoma chirevo nomoto makachengeteka. It akarayira homeowners kutendeutsa zvose yamavira, kugadzwa mavari nheyo ibwe. Aidawo pakati pamadziro uye chitofu kuti brickwork uye pombi kuti abate avo umo "murume prolazit". Akachena zvakafanana magadzirirwo aifanira kuva kamwe pamwedzi. Vasiri kuchengeta mutemo vakaisa fines.

doro

Runoenzanirana nguva uye zvikamu zvakasiyana munzanga, rugwaro nezvomurau Peter 1 Kazhinji hanya kurapwa nedoro. Kunyanya mbuva avo kuti hondo uye romugungwa.

Musi Assembly rakarumbidza kunwa kusvika papi kuti "ake ngonono Teleses" kwete nyadza vachangosvika vaeni vasina nguva "yokuwana mamiriro akarara pedyo, uye vamwe vanatenzi."

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro Navy, paiva mitemo wandei.

Chekutanga, ari kunze, zvinonzi arambidzwa wose - kubva mukwasvi kusvikira Admiral "vusmert vanotozvifarira, kuti arege kushoora kukudzwa rengarava uye hurumende."

Chechipiri, havafaniri kunge kubvumirwa kupinda Pubs navigators, sezvo ivo "kuita kuti pave boorish, rokutsvaka uye kuronga bope."

Uyewo, mutemo waiva Navy, pane dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa nhasi. Saka, kana murume achifamba pamahombekombe, akadhakwa kusvikira ndafenda, asi akanga akawanikwa achivata musoro wake nenzira muchikepe, muchiitiko ichi, hazvina kushanda asina kurangwa, "haana kuuya pasi, asi vakaedza kutsigira."

Uyewo, zviri kuna Peter Mukuru munyika yedu yava tsika kupemberera May Day. Rakanga rakumbirwa kubva vanhu Europe. Saka, zororo iri rinopembererwa sezvo zuva muchirimo vokuGermany uye Scandinavians. MuMoscow, kupemberera yaiitwa, kuisa tafura kuti Vanopfuura zvose. Kubatanidzwa mabiko havasi averse kuna Kesari pachake, achishanyira vanhu kuti vabatane.

Mitemo mufambiro pamagungano

Kuwedzera zvakagadzirwa muhondo, muronga nezvimwewo zvinhu zvoupenyu, Kesari nehanya kuwedzera mukuru tsika kwevanhu. Pasinei nokuti mambo akaedza kuita zvose zvakanakisisa nhasi akafanana ayo zvisarudzo kazhinji kungokonzera kunyemwerera.

Saka, funga kujairika hurongwa Peter 1. Funny nhasi, vakanga zvechokwadi echimurenga regumi namasere remakore.

Pakati pezvimwe rinofarirwa kupfuura chirevo pamusoro mitemo yokuzvibata pachena somueni uye panguva pakereke. Chokutanga, tinofanira vamboshamba nokuveura. Chechipiri, kuva hafu nzara uye nani vanozvidzora. Chechitatu, usamira ipapo uye kuita mabiko. Zvinonzi Dzakamukurudzirawo kuziva pachine nguva, umo zvimbuzi kana chinhu chinoitika. Chechina, udye mwero akabvumira, asi kunwa - zvakawanda. Nenzira, kusvikira akadhakwa muRussia vaiva chaiyo nemafungiro. Vaya ndafenda kubva yakawanda doro, unofanirawo nokungwarira akapeta voga, "kuitira kuti inowira nyaya uye havapindiri nokutamba." Chechishanu, vakapiwa vakadzi nokuputsa audzwa, "kuitira kuti tiwane musi Mordasov".

Uye vokupedzisira dzidziso dzinokosha. Zvinozivikanwa kuti hapana kunakidzwa pasina rwiyo, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kugadzirisa orwiyo, uye "kwete inodzvova mbongoro Valaam".

Vagari kuverengwa kwevanhu

Zvisinei, somunhu hurongwa yokugara Petro 1, urongwa uhwu zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti hurumende. Nokuda kuramba pokurwa munyika iri kuramba zvinodiwa mari kuti hondo. Naizvozvo, mambo akarayira kuti kuchengeta nemba yake oga vaverengwe.

Asi ichi chiyero haana kubereka zvakakodzera mugumisiro. The landlords havadi mutero, "imwe kuenda vasingazivikanwi", sezvo nyika ichitova waneta kugara hondo. Naizvozvo, Peter Alexeyevich aifanira kutakura kubuda yakadaro kuverengwa kwevanhu kakawanda, sezvinoitwa itsva dzinoverengeka dzine ungaderedza.

Previous Kuverenga Zvabuda ainyorwa 1646 uye 1678 makore. The date ipfupi ne makumi maviri muzana pamusoro 1710. Naizvozvo, pashure mumwe kuedza maererano nomurau kuti "kutora Ngano zvachose, uye kuunza wechokwadi (nguva kuti gore)," nemba yake oga mitero kwave atsiviwa capitation.

Other mafaro zvirevo

Kunyemwerera chikonzero zvisarudzo vamambo noruremekedzo kuzviremera. Somuenzaniso, murayiro Peter 1 pamusoro nhapwa. Maererano naye, "muranda chiso mukuru anofanira kuva yakapusa uye achipinda chitarisiko, kuti arege sokuti akangwara."

Uyezve vakuru vairambidzwa kuverenga matauriro. Somugumisiro, vaifanira kutaura nemashoko avo, uye zvakanzwisiswa padanho pakukura nechimwe.

No zvishoma kunakidza yakanga nezvomurau Peter 1 Red. Maererano naye, izvozvo airambidzwa kutora basa vanhu chakaremara (dzvuku bvudzi iyo yainzi sezvo vakadaro). murayiro uyu akaita pamwe nokutaura kuti "Mwari Rogue mavanga."

Sezvatambotaura kare, Peter I nemirau yake kufukidza sectors vose munzanga. Saka kazhinji vakakanganisa varume kwete chete, asi vakadzi. Hechino muenzaniso mumwe. Sezvo makarekare muRussia, ganda akacheneruka kwainzi chiratidzo "mutema ropa." Saka vakadzi vamachinda rakabuda ruvara mazino kuti musiyano mukuru. Uyezve, mazino zvakaipa dzakaratidza kubudirira. A yakawanda mari - yakawanda kudya shuga. Naizvozvo, mambo akarayira pavasikana kukwesha mazino enyu uye kuzvichenesa zvikadaro nesuko.

Saka, munyaya ino isu vanoziva mirayiro mumwe mukuru vatongi Russia. Emperor Peter Mukuru aisangova musoro nyika, iye Radel kuvandudza muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvoupenyu paruzhinji.

Kunyange pasinei nhasi vamwe magwaro ake kukonzera kunyemwerera, panguva vakanga echimurenga matanho.