Zvokudya zvemaminerari mbeu: izvo zvinhu zvinokosha uye mabasa ezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa

Chipi zvacho chirimwa chimiro chaiyo chepenyu, uye kuitira kuti kukura kwayo kuite zvakakwana, mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha anodiwa: chiedza, mhepo, unyoro uye chikafu. Zvose zvavo zvakaenzana uye kusakosha kwemweya kunokanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu ose. Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha muhupenyu hwezvirimwa, semaminera ekudya.

Zviratidzo zvekudya

Kuve iyo iyo inopa simba guru, risina iyo iyo nzira dzose dzehupenyu dzinodzimwa, zvokudya zvinodiwa kune zvipenyu zvose. Nekudaro, chikafu hachisi chinhu chakakosha chete, asi chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukura kwezvibereko zvezvirimwa, uye vanobvisa zvokudya nekushandisa zvikamu zvose zviri pamusoro-pasi uye midzi. Nokushandisa midzi, vanobvisa mvura uye inokosha mineral salt inobva pasi, achizadzikisa zvinhu zvakakodzera zvezvinhu, kutakura ivhu kana mineral chikafu chemiti.

Chinonyanya kukosha mubasa iri rakagadzirirwa mvere dzemidzi, saka kudya kwakadaro kwakafanana kune rimwe zita - midzi. Nekubatsira kwevhudzi dzino dzakagadzirwa nemucheka, muti wacho unotora mvura yekugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari kubva pasi.

Vanoshanda padzidziso yepombi uye vari pamidzi mumunzvimbo yekutsvaga. Mhinduro dzemunyu dzinopinda mumatehwe emvere dzinoshandiswa pakuitisa masero-tracheids nemidziyo. Maererano navo, zvinhu zvinopinda mumatare emidzi, uye zvinopararira pamatanho kune zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa.

Zvimwe zvemigodhi yekudya kwezvirimwa

Saka, zvokudya zvevamiririri veumambo wezvirimwa ndizvo zvinhu zvakawanikwa kubva muvhu. Zvokudya zvemaminerari kana ivhu zvinomera ndezvekubatana kwematambudziko akasiyana-siyana: kubva pakugadzirisa uye kufambira mberi kusvika pakufananidzwa kwezvinhu zviri muvhu nenzira yesimbi yemarara. Kudzidza kwehuni yakasiiwa nemiti yakaratidza kuti makemikari akawanda aripo uye nhamba yavo mune zvikamu zvakasiyana uye vamiririri vakasiyana-siyana yemafuta hazvisi zvakafanana. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti makemikari anogadzirwa uye anowedzera mumiti. Kuedza kwakadaro kwakaita kuti pave nemhedziso inotevera: zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumiti yose - phosphorus, calcium, potasium, sulfuri, iron, magnesium, uyewo microelements inomiririrwa nezinc, mhangura, boron, manganese, nezvimwewo, inokosha zvikuru.

Pasinei nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu izvi, zvinowanikwa mune imwe miti, uye kushandiswa nechimwe chinhu cheimwe chacho hachibviri pasi pemamiriro ose. Nhamba yehupo hwemaminerari muvhu yakakosha zvikuru, sezvo chibereko chezvirimwa uye kushandiswa kwemaruva kunobva pane izvi. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, chiyero chekuzadza kwevhu nezvinhu zvinodiwa zvakasiyanawo. Semuenzaniso, mumamiriro ekudzivirira eRussia kune kushaya kukuru kwe nitrogen uye phosphorus, dzimwe nguva potassium, saka zvinotarisirwa kuunza fertilizer - nitrogen uye potash phosphorus. Nhengo imwe neimwe ine basa rayo pachayo muupenyu hwemuviri wemiti.

Chikafu chakakwana chemiti (mineral) chinokurudzira kukurudzika kwepamusoro, iyo inoitwa kunze kwekuti zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa mumutengo wakakodzera uri muvhu. Kana paine kushayikwa kana kusara kwevamwe vavo, zvinomera zvinoshandiswa nekuchinja marara emashizha. Nokudaro, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekombiyuta yezvekurima yezvirimwa zvezvirimwa ndiyo yakagadziriswa mitemo yekuunza manyowa nemafuta. Cherechedza kuti mbeu dzakawanda dzakanaka kudarika kudarika kupfuura. Semuenzaniso, kune zvirimwa zvebindu zveberry nemafomu avo ekudyisa-mhuka, ihwo huwandu hwezvokudya zvinoparadza. Tinodzidza kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana sei zvichitaurirana nemashupiti emuti, uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinosangana.

Nitrogen

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakukura kwemaitiro isitrogen. Inowanikwa mune mapuroteni uye amino acids. Nitrogen kushayikwa kunozviratidza mukuchinja kwemuvara wemashizha: pakutanga peji rinopera uye rinoputika. Kushaikwa kwakakonzera kunokonzera kusina kunaka kwezuva-ruvara rwemavara kana ruvara rwebhuruu-rutsvuku. Ikokutanga inobatwa nemashizha akare kubva pasi pasi pamahombekombe, ipapo pamwe chete neshizha rose. Nekuenderera mberi kwekutsauka, kukura kwematavi uye kubatana kwezvibereko kunoguma.

Kunyanya kukohwa nemaitiro e nitrogen kunounza kuwedzera kweakrojeni muvhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwemafuro uye kukura kwakasimba kwemavara mashizha kunoonekwa, izvo zvisingabvumiri kuti chimiro chiise maruva. Somugumisiro, kubereka kwemuti wacho kwakanyanya kuderedzwa. Ndicho chikonzero kuenzanisa kwemugadziri wevhu mutezo wezvirimwa zvakakosha.

Phosphorus

Pasina kukosha muhupenyu hwemichero uye ichi chinhu. Icho chikamu chechikamu che nucleic acids, kusanganiswa kwaro nemapurotini kuumba nucleoproteins, iyo inhengo yeganda rechitokisi. Phosphorus inowanikwa mumasumbu emiti, maruva uye mbeu. Munzira dzakawanda, kukwanisa kwemiti kurwisa njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga kunoenderana nekuwanika kwe phosphorus. Anokonzera kusana kwechando uye kusununguka kwechando. Kushayikwa kweiyo chinhu chinoratidzwa mukuderera kwekuparadzaniswa kwemasero, kuguma kwekukura kwezvirimwa uye kukura kwemidzi, mavara anotora mutezi wekundu. Kuvhiringidzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunopisa muti wacho nerufu.

Potassium

Mineral zvinhu zvekudya zvinomera zvinosanganisira potassium. Izvo zvinodiwa muhuwandu hukuru, sezvo inokurudzira kunwa, biosynthesis uye kutakura kwezvinhu zvinokosha kune zvikamu zvose zvemuti. Potassium yakawanda inowedzera kushorwa kwechimiro chemiti, inokurudzira nzira dzekudzivirira, kusanaya nekudzikama kwechando. Kuzadza uye michero yekugadzira nekwanika kwe potassium inonyanya kubudirira: maruva nemichero zvakakura zvikuru uye zvinopenya mavara.

Kana ichocho chisina kukura, kukura kunononoka zvikuru, uye kukanganisa kwakasimba kunoita kuti kudonha uye kubhururuka kwemashizha, kuchinja kwemavara emashizha kusvika kuhutu-bronze. Ipapo mashizha akaoma uye anowa.

Calcium

Dare rinowanzoita muviri wezvirimwa (mineral) haigoneki pasina calcium, iyo inowanikwa mumasero ose emuviri wemiti, kusimbisa basa ravo. Ichi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakukura kwehutano uye basa remidzi. Kusava kwekasiki kunopedzisira kunonoka mumudziro kukura uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro emudziyo. Pane kushayikwa kwe calcium mukudzikinura kwemakona emashizha ekumusoro pamafudzi maduku. Chiwedzere chinowedzera chichawedzera ruvara rwepepuru pamusoro pebasa rose. Kana kaccium isingapindi mumunda, mashizha emashizha egore rino anopota nemusoro.

Magnesium

Nzira yekugadziriswa kwemaminera emichero nehupenyu huripo haigoneki pasina magnesium. Kuva chikamu che chlorophyll, icho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuita photosynthesis. Nokugadzira mishonga inobatanidzwa mu metabolism, magnesium inokurudzira kuiswa kwekukura kwemafuro, kumera kwembeu nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobereka.

Zviratidzo zvekushaiwa kwemagesium - kuonekwa kwebhuruu tsvuku pamucheto wemashizha, kupararira nechepamusoro mutungamiri uye kutakura kusvika kusvika zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvebhasika remashizha. Kushaya simba kwemagesium kunotungamirira kune necrosis yemashizha, kuderera mumuchero wekusima nekugadzirisa kwayo.

Iron

Aine mutoro wekufema kwemazuva ose, iyo chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukugadziriswa-kuderedzwa kwezvinhu, nokuti ndiyo inogamuchirwa yemakemulekemu eokisijeni uye inogadzira zvinopedzisira zvinhu zve chlorophyll. Nekushaiwa kwesimbi, simiti inokanganisa chlorosis: mashizha anova akajeka uye akaonda, achiita ruvara-ruvara rwegorosi, uyezve akajeka bhenje ane mavara ane ruvara. Kupesana kwekufema kunokonzera kuderera kwekukura kwemiti, kukosha kukuru muzvibereko.

Manganese

Kunyange zvazvo tisingawedzereri kukosha kwezvinhu zvinodiwa zvinotevera, ngationei kuti mbeu uye ivhu zvinopindura sei kwavari. Zvokudya zvine mineral zvezvirimwa zvinowedzera nemanganese, izvo zvinotarisirwa kuti zvibudirire zvibudirire zvekunyora mapikicha, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwemaprotini, nezvimwewo. Kushayikwa kweManganese kunoratidzika muhutachiwana hushoma huri kukura, uye kushaya simba kwakanyanya kunoita kuti zvive nyore-mashizha paanoshanduka achiita zhizha, mazano ehova anopota.

Zinc

Iyi micronutrient inobatanidzwa mukushanda kwekugadzirwa nekusimudzirwa kwekurima chinokonzera. Sezvo chiri chikamu chechikamu chema chloroplast, zinc iripo mu photochemical kuparadzaniswa kwemvura. Iko kunofanirwa kumera nekukura kweii. Kushaikwa kweZinc kunowanikwa pakuguma kwemiti yezvinomera uye panguva yekuzorora - mashizha anowana mumvuri wemononi.

Copper

Zvokudya zvezvirimwa zvidhinha kana midzi hazvingagumi kunze kwechinhu ichi chinoita. Yakabatanidzwa mune dzimwe nyoka dzakawanda, mhangura inoita zvirongwa zvakakosha semuchero kufema, mapuroteni nemakrohydrate metabolism. Derivatives yemhangura ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa kwemafotoynthesis. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvechinhu ichi ndiko kuomeswa kwepical shoots.

Bor

Kukurudzira kufanana kweamino acids, makhahydrates uye mapuroteni, boron inowanikwa mune dzakawanda zvenzymine dzinodzora kushandiswa kwemasabolism. Chiratidzo chekushaya kupfurikidza kweBononi ndiko kuonekwa kwemavara ane mashizha pamashizha maduku uye bluish tint yemashizha mujinga remakwenzi. Kuwedzera kushayikwa kwechikamu kunotungamirira kukuparadzwa kwemashizha uye rufu rwekukura kwechidiki. Miriza haina simba uye haina zvibereko - michero haisati yakasungirwa.

Takaisa mazita emakemikari makuru anodiwa pakugadzirwa kwemazuva ose, kunaka kwemavara uye fruiting. Zvose zvavo, zvakanyatsorongeka, zvinoumba huwandu hwakakosha hwemigodhi yemiti. Uye kukosha kwemvura zvakare kunonetsa kuwedzera, nekuti zvinhu zvose zvinobva muvhu zvinouya nenzira yakanyungudutswa.