Zvivako zvakasikwa uye chimiro che chlamydomonas

Chlamydomonas isiri yenyama, izvo zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvokuvapo kwemaviri apical flagella. Uyu ndiwo rudzi rwegorosi yakasvibirira inogara mumvura yakadzika uye kune ivhu rakaoma, pamwe chete nemvura yakachena kana yegungwa. Chimiro che chlamydomonas chine zvinhu zvakawanda. Pakati pavo, nzira dzeioni dzinoshandiswa nekuona zvakananga kuchiedza, uyewo ziso rekutsvaira ziso uye nhungamiro yekutonga yakaoma.

Chlamydomonades: mashoko akazara

Nechimiro chekudya, zvipenyu zvakawanda zvinosungirwa maphototrofu. Asi vamwe vanotaura nezvemhando yehutano hunoita, inogona kukura murima, kushandisa acetate sechinhu chinokonzera kabhoni. Maererano ne morphology yavo, idzi nhengo dzemafoni dzinoshandiswa kune dzimwe nyika , sekutonga, dzakasvibirira mumamiriro. Shandara rekamuri rinosanganisira glycoprotein. Chlamydomonads inowedzera zvose zvepabonde uye yakawanda.

Pasi pose pane mamiriyoni 150 emarudzi. Chlamydomonas inowedzera yakawanda mumamiriro okunaya anonaya, pamwe chete mumvura yakawanda muammonium makemikari. Zviratidzo zvegadziriro ye chlamydomonads dzinosanganisira kuvapo kwezvuruvi. Mvura yakasvibirira yemvura mumimiriri yemvura inokonzerwa nekuvapo kwezviuru zvei flagelliform microorganisms. Bvudzi rinopenya rune rumwe rwezvisikwa rinobatsira kuratidza nzvimbo yakatsvukuruka kana piniki. Mimwe mhuka inowanika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzisingatarisiri, somuenzaniso, mumvura yemunyu.

Chimiro chlamydomonas

Muchikamu chemuviri chemuviri kune maviri flagella, inobva kuzviyo zvebhasari, iri mu cytoplasm. Pasi padzo pane zvinoputika zvinoputika. Chimiro chema cell chlamydomonada chinokurudzira kuvapo kwekombe yakagadzirirwa chloroplast, uko kero yenhengo iripo. Pano, photosynthesis zvigadzirwa se starch, uyewo mapuroteni, akakomberedzwa nemashizha emashizha. Ziso riri muchimiro chenzvimbo iripo mune imwe nzvimbo yechloroplast. Inoumbwa nemirasi miviri kana mitatu yakawanda kana yakawanda yakaenzana yemadonhwe akasiyana akarongwa.

Zvikamu zvegadziriro

Muchikamu chayo chekudyara mhuka ine chimiro chakareruka. Kukura kwaro kwakasiyana mukati me 0,02 mm. Sero rega rega rine spherical, ellipsoidal, cylindrical kana mapepa akaumbwa. Vanowanzotora pamagumo ekupedzisira. Chimiro che chlamydomonas chinosanganisira tsvuku yeseri kunze kwemasvingo, maviri flagella, uye vacuoles maviri anopindira ane basa rekufemura uye kubvumira. Orange-tsvuku pigment kana ziso (rusarura) iri muhupamhi hwemasero echitokisi uye inoita basa rekuona kwepakutanga, sezvo inonyanya kujeka kuchiedza. Mune dzimwe mhuka, pangave neve maviri kana matatu maziso emeso. Mune chikamu chikuru chemuviri mu cytoplasm kune mukombe mukuru wakafanana nekloroplast, mukati umo iyo nucleus iripo.

Iko shanduro yesero inoshandiswa sei panguva yekuberekwa kwema asexual?

Chimiro che chlamydomonas chinoshandiswa pane dzimwe shanduko panguva yesero. Kuita zvekuita zvepabonde kunowanikwa nenzira inotevera: paunenge uchigadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, masero anoramba asingashamisi, mureza unobata kana hurasikirwa, uye vacuoles inobvumirana nayo inopera, iyo protoplast inoparadzaniswa kwenguva yakareba muzvikamu zviviri, imwe neimwe iyo, iyo yakazogoverwa muzvikamu zviviri. Nokudaro, chero sero rinobereka kubva 2 kusvika ku16 zvakafanana. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vechidiki vanoita zvese zvakagadziriswa zvinoenderana nemashizha emagetsi: flagella, vacuoles nezvimwe zvakadaro. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinosvika mumiti itsva. Iyi nzira yekuparadzanisa inodzokororwa maawa makumi mana nemaviri. Nokudaro, pakupera kwevhiki vhiki mamiriyoni maviri anoumbwa kubva kune imwe muchero wemubereki.

Zviratidzo zvekuita zvepabonde

Panguva yekuita zvepabonde, shanduro protoplast inogoverwa kuva 16, 32 kana kunyange 64 flagellated gametes, iyo inogona kuzarurwa kana kuvharwa mumasvingo masero. Masero ezvepabonde anosangana muviri, achiumba zygote. Somugumisiro, iyo inotenderera, inotora flagella, inoumba rusvingo rwakakomba rwakapoteredza cytoplasm uye inonyura kusvika pasi pegungwa kuti iwedzere kufambira mberi. Mune chimiro ichi, zvinopesana nekushandura kwekushisa uye zvichararama, kunyange kana gungwa raoma. Zoospores uye gametes zvakafanana morphologically zvakafanana. Dzinopesana chete mukukura uye mufambiro. Iyi misiyano inokonzerwa nenhamba yakawanda yezvikamu zvemasero masere panguva yekuumbwa kwegetetes. Nokudaro, vanhu vaduku vanorasikirwa neukwanisi hwavo hwekurarama vasingatungamiri.