Zvishande zvepfungwa, zvepfungwa hwemapoka uye marudzi

Modern zvepfungwa zvino rakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dziri dzichichinja pasi mutsika mashoko matsva yesayenzi. sainzi Izvi zvakakwana muduku masayendisiti, vanachiremba, uye saka nguva dzose kuita pachake kuchinja ayo uye kuwedzererwa. Nokudzidza muchikwata ichi dzakaonda sezvo mweya, zvepfungwa sechinhu sayenzi haagoni kuva kunofambira mberi, nekuti zvakaoma chaizvo kuongorora uye kuratidza zvakaoma kushandisa nemakwenzi. Kuwedzera chevana, zera, mumagariro zvepfungwa zvino kushingaira kukura zvishande zvepfungwa, zvepfungwa pane mapoka uye marudzi.

Zvishande zvepfungwa akasarudza ake pasi kudzidza nzira munhu anofunga, iye anowana sei mashoko pamusoro nyika, kuti ruzivo urwu kunochengetwa mundangariro, uye sei zvinokanganisawo maitiro omunhu. Zvishande zvepfungwa anodavira kuti ayo chinangwa kunzwisisa chikuru yezvakaita pfungwa dzevanhu.

Muna 50-ies. 20 remakore, masayendisiti ari kutanga kutanga kudzidza ndangariro, kuteerera, urongwa mutauro, mifananidzo, etc. Izvi zvakakonzerwa zvinoverengeka chinangwa zvikonzero izvi ..:

- Deposit pamusoro behaviorism chinzvimbo, iyo anotarisa maitiro evanhu ari paakasangana kuitika, asi akakundikana.

- the kwaita dzidziso pakukurukurirana, kuti chitarisiko chake wakatsamwisa dzakatevedzana kuedza kudzidza anonongedzera, mashoko dzidziso uye kutarisirwa, kureva munzvimbo idzodzo, ayo vakadzidza ne zvishande zvepfungwa.

- mune zvemutauro ano, nzira itsva kuti zvivakamutauro hurongwa uye mutauro.

- Cybernetics uye chidimbu pakusikwa chakagadzirwa akachenjera akaita zvikuru vakachinja maonero avo pamusoro kubudiswa uye kuchengetera mashoko vanoyeukwa, nezvakadaro ..

Zvishande zvepfungwa inoshandisa nokuda kwayo kutsvakurudza womuenzaniso mashoko kubudiswa, iyo inokurukura nzira yekudzidza sezvo dzakatevedzana mumatanho, rimwe nerimwe inogona achimiririrwa tsvagai mumwe, uye vakawanda nomumwe co-bata kana kupinda ruzivo. Vachifungidzira kuti mhinduro nezvechiitiko ndiyo ichangoburwa mune nhevedzano matanho akadaro. At nerimwe mumatanho izvi anoongororwa mashoko kubva yapfuura pachikuva. Kunyange zvazvo Paunotanga kuziva kutonetsa, nokuti titsigire.

Pari, zvishande zvepfungwa anoshandisa nzira uye zvidzidzo 10 dzakasiyana tsvakurudzo nzvimbo: ndangariro, kufunga, fungidziro, mutauro basa, Makuriro zvepfungwa, maonero uye muenzaniso kuzivikanwa, chakagadzirwa uye munhu akachenjera, mafungiro, etc.

boka Psychology

In mumagariro zvepfungwa rinosanganisira rose chikamu wakayeriswa kuti boka rechidzidzo zvepfungwa. Chikamu ichi inodzidza maitiro evanhu uye vanhu kunyanya vari boka, kuti kukurukurirana uye kudyidzana.

Group muunganidzwa vanhu vakabatanidzwa munzanga, zvipfuwo, zvoupfumi, uye zvichingodaro. N. Relations. Kureva, vanhu vakabatana pasi chero pasi uye vanozvitora izvozvo.

Groups vari zviduku. For mapoka maduku dzinosanganisira 2 kana kupfuura. Vari mapoka mapoka kuti zvimiso uye zvechokwadi. Boka zvomene zvinozoita inogona rakakamurwa kusununguka uye kurongwa, ezvinhu uye yakatsiga uye zvichingodaro .. Munhu anogona kuva mapoka akawanda panguva :. School, tsvimbo, mumigwagwa Company, etc ...

Ethnic Psychology

Bhuku "The Psychology dzavanhu uye vazhinji," rakanyorwa Gustavom Lebonom rava bhuku nokuda navadzvanyiriri remakore rechi20 uye zvose enyika pasinei zvingava hwapedza simba. It Lebon anoenzanisa uremu boka uye anopa kupatsanura yavo. Uyewo kunoratidza kuti nyika pachikumbaridzo "nenguva zvavo." Zvinokosha kuti anopa Lebon wake "Psychology dzavanhu uye vazhinji" panowanikwa Vanamakanika, budiriro kwaizotevera kuderera marudzi (marudzi), uyewo basa guru vanhu uye pfungwa izvi.