Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweEbola. Kupararira kweEbola virus

Ebola utachiwana ndohwaJehovha boka fivha iyo aripo ane raidudzwa Hemorrhagic syndrome. Nhasi chimwe chezvinhu ngozi nemavhairasi zvirwere nokuti ane yakakwirira chaizvo mwero wokufa kwevanhu. Asi kunze kuti, kutyisidzira ndechokuti nezvake, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Ebola (zviratidzo, kurapwa, hunokonzera, zviratidzo zviri chirwere) inogona akadzidza ari dzakawanda chechetere.

History uye jogirafi of Ebola utachiona

Chinonyanya kwakapararira Ebola utachiwana iri munzvimbo dzinopisa masango, apo kumusoro mwando. Ruripo foci dziri muCentral uye West Africa - muna Sudan, muZaire, Gabon, Nigeria, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, Ethiopia, Central African Republic, Liberia. Kupararira panomuka pamusoro Ebola zvichiitika pano muzhizha uye chitubu.

Chirwere anokonzerwa Ebola utachiona, yakatanga kunyorwa chete nzvimbo Zaire. Zviratidzo Ebola utachiona pakati vagari vemo paiva muna 1976. Panguva imwe cheteyo, izvozvo akabudirira nevamwe ari causative mutumwa chirwere itsva kubva paropa rimwe wemufi. Sezvo 1976 uye kusvikira 1979 rakanyoreswa uye akatsanangura nyaya dzakawanda chirwere ichi muZaire uye Sudan. Gare gare, muna 1994-1995, utachiwana shure zvakare, uye wave itsva yakatanga chete muZaire, akatora upenyu mazana vagari. Zvinouraya Mugumisiro hwasvika utachiona muna 53-88 muzana Muzviitiko.

Muna 1996, kuti fivha chakapararira munharaunda Gabon. Gare gare, maererano retrospective kuongorora chavagari dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica, vatsvakurudzi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti kunyange Kuma1960 kuparadzirwa Ebola utachiona yakaitika Nigeria, Ethiopia uye Senegal. Kubva December 1994 kusvika June 1995, muZaire, itsva yatanga Ebola. Chikonzero ichi chaiva kushandisa veko kudya tsoko uropi. Somugumisiro, mhuka dzaiva utachiwana vatakuri. In yose, asi kurwara vanhu vanenge 250, 80 muzana vacho vakafa.

The denda

Pakutanga, zviratidzo Ebola kwakaitika donje chigayo vashandi Nzara. Vanoparadzira kuna vamwe vanhu, kusanganisira vomumhuri dzavo uye vanhu vakanga vaaisangana navo. In chete mamiriro, asi muna Maridi, uyewo kupararira chirwere muZaire kwakaitika zvakananga mukati mamasvingo zvipatara. Pano, vanoita sezvinonzi anowedzera nokuti pasi utachiona zivo panguva. Varwere zvifambiswe pamwe vasingazivikanwi nefivha, rakakurumidza kupararira tsvimbo, izvo vaaisangana neropa uye secretions wevarwere. Uyewo kune vamwe varwere kuburikidza kumonyanisa zvishandiso vasina zvakakwana disinfected.

Mhuri nhengo varwere vava yechipiri kupararira chirwere. Vari kusiya chipatara asingazivi kuti pachavo kare kutakura utachiona, kugara vatakuri kwenguva yakati, akaipetenura mberi. Chete gare gare zvikazikamwa pamusoro nokupfuuridzirwa Ebola utachiona hwakakura. Chirwere rinowanzoberekera kunyange kuchinja vanhu atofa Somuenzaniso, panguva mhemberero pamariro.

The wokupedzisira nzvongo

Epidemic kwemakore makumi matatu nguva nenguva simuka uye kuserera zvakare, kutora navo vakawanda vakaurayiwa. The Ebola utachiwana anokwanisa kukuvadza kuzviuru zvevanhu mhiri nechepakati Africa. Kana denda rapera sei asina ndima zvikuru uye vakawanda, ichangobva yatanga Muzhizha ra2014 vakatora navo vanopfuura 900 upenyu 1,700 vatapukirwa. Chokwadi, kana isu kufungawo Vagari yose nyika, nhamba iyi haruzvitsvakiri chaityisa kudaro. Asi nokuda munharaunda diki nemisha African kwaiva dambudziko chairo. Pasinei zvose zvinoitwa vanachiremba muNigeria yaizogara kuparadzirwa utachiwana, itsva uye itsva zviitiko chirwere chikazikamwa anenge mazuva ose, uye ayo jogirafi yawedzera kuCôte d'Ivoire, uye muSierra Leone.

manyuko chirwere

Panobva chirwere sezvo kwakadaro hakuna aizvinzwisisa kunyange nhasi. Pane kufungidzira kuti uve dura nemakonzo. Vatakuri ndiwo tsoko. In mhuka vatakuri Ebola utachiona vanoonekwa uye zviremwaremwa. Ivo kuipawo vamwe vagari fauna of - zvayo uye primates. Mhiri mundima Central Africa ndiyo chinoshingaira bushmeat kutengeserana, izvo, chokwadi, asingadi kupfuura chero utsanana uye epidemiological rokuongorora zviratidzo Ebola. Saka, imwe hunde chete, ndiro dzayo inotakura, aigona chirwise mumwe yatanga.

Kana munhu utachiwana, zvinovawo ngozi vamwe uyewo nokuparidzirwa Ebola Utachiona kutsanya chaizvo. Tsika chinozivikanwa pamusoro apo kubva mumwe munhu kusvika masere akatevedzana pitches. Asi vanhu vokutanga noutachiona, kunowanzova kufa. Next cheni ipfupi kufa. Utachiona anogona ichishanduka kuva akasiyana zvachose nhengo uye munyama. Its dzakaonekwa muropa pashure pemazuva 7-10 pashure chirwere. Uyewo, ayo kuvapo unogona kutsunga iri secretions womunhu - weti, nasal madzihwa, urume.

kufamba nzira

Sezvo kutanga chirwere panongopera zviratidzo Ebola utachiona wokutanga, uye kwevhiki nhatu murwere chinonyanya ngozi vamwe. Fivha kutapukirwa kubva murwere mumwe kunoitika nenzira dzakawanda. Saka, vakawanda yakanyorwa nyaya chirwere kuburikidza nevanhu ropa murwere zvepabonde. Kunyange uchishandisa nevakawanda zvinhu mumba, midziyo, utsanana chaizvo mukana wokutapukirwa.

Asi kakawanda, ichi chinoitika kuburikidza zvakananga kuonana utachiona vanhu. Brief kuonana munhu anorwara kunotungamirira chirwere muna 23 muzana Muzviitiko. In pedyo uye kuramba muchikurukurirana hutachiwana uye zviratidzo Ebola utachiona hweHIV kuchengetwa zvinopfuura 80 muzana. Utachiona anopinda muviri, kuwana kune mucosa uye kunyange ganda kwevanhu. Maererano zvakawanika, iri kusvibiswa kubudikidza mumate hariwanikwi, sezvo asiri kubatana ari muimba imwe nevarwere haana kuita kuti kwemashoko utachiona utano. Pasinei izvi zvakawanika, chaiwo mashandiro ose yedzimudzangara harizivikanwi, uyewo zvose chikuru zviratidzo Ebola utachiwana.

boka nengozi

Utachiona ropa ndiyo ngozi, nokuti vanachiremba ari pangozi yokuva panguva kurapwa uye kutarisirwa nguva dzose. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuti varege kuva mumuviri kuonana utachiona uye avo vasiri zvokuvakisa.

Kwakapiwa kuti utachiwana iri zvaitambidzwa tsoko, vanhu vari kuita hove dzavo uye zvokufambisa, kunyanya kumuisa kwake oga nguva, vari zvakare pasi kutyiswa hweHIV vanhu. Kwave zviitiko Ebola hutachiwana tsvakurudzo mumarabhoritari, apo vaishanda pamwe mitema tsoko.

Nokuda mukuru mwero utachiona kuwanda uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi kuchinjirwa nzira nengozi huru yokutama dzimwe nyika muAfrica, uyewo kufamba mhuka izvo zvingave vatakuri chirwere.

Ebola

The causative mutumwa chirwere hutachiwana mhando Filovirus, raiva mhuri Filoviridae. Inguva RNA utachiona genome, izvo nhasi inoumbwa shanu utachiona akasiyana kwavo antigenic yakarongeka - Sudan, Zaire, Renston, Tai Forest uye Bundibugyo. Its kubereka rinowanikwa muna node nodes uye chirwatata. Pashure paizvozvo, ukama masero zvomukati kubudikidza utachiona pacharo, uye autoimmune sei nawo. The incubation Nguva utachiwana haina kupararira.

Kutanga chirwere kunoratidzwa havachanyatsogoni microcirculation uye ropa rheology, kappilyarotoksikozom, Hemorrhagic chirwere uye DIC. The Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga vari kuchengetwa zvomukati, muzinda necrosis kuti munyama. Ebola Utachiona chirwere zviratidzo vanogona zvose chiropa, pfungwa nomuviri zvemwana asati, mabayo, orchitis nezvimwe zvirwere. Immune kuita vari kuderedzwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa antibody pamusoro utachiona mumuviri vanotanga kuonekwa runonyanya pashure kunaya zvakakwana.

Ebola: zviratidzo chirwere

Ndezvipi yokuita zviratidzo uye zviratidzo chirwere pamwe Ebola? The incubation nguva ruchatambanudzirwa chaizvo amplitude uye asymptomatic. Pane nyaya kubva mashomanana kuti mavhiki 2-3. nekuguma aro kunouya apo rikwanise chirwere inotanga. Izvi runoratidzwa unopinza kuwedzera tembiricha muviri 38-39 madhigirii, nomusoro, kuda kurutsa, zvakawanda zvive, arthralgia uye myalgia. Mumazuva zviratidzo uye zviratidzo Ebola chirwere mangwanani anogona kufanana angina, umo zvomoto tonsils uye pane kunzwa kunorwadza bundu iri huro.

With kukura fivha zviratidzo izvi zviri kuwedzera kuramba kurutsa, manyoka, kuva Hemorrhagic hunhu, abdominal marwadzo. Nokukurumidza nezvechinhu chimwe Hemorrhagic chirwere icho pamwe cutaneous ropa, ropa mukati zvomukati, kurutsa ropa. Muchiitiko chino, kazhinji pane zviitiko kwakakasharara uye zvakanyanyisa excitability varwere kuti zvakachengeterwa kwenguva refu uye pashure kupora. Uyewo, zviri hafu kacho mazuva 4-6 mushure kutanga chirwere zviratidzo kunoitika exanthema, iro rine zvaimutambisira hunhu.

Diagnostics

Sezvo pasina kurapwa zviratidzo dzakadai Ebola utachiona, paaikura nokukurumidza, kuti differential zvokuongorora ndiko kunzwisisa. Laboratory zvinokwanisika rokuongorora kubudikidza PCR, Elisa, uye immunofluorescence unyanzvi. Very zvibereko kudzidza pamusoro serological nemiedzo. Asi izvi zvose inowanika chete yepamusoro mumarabhoritari pamwe midziyo yakanaka uye Anti-utongi. Chokwadi, mumunda kuita izvi hazvibviri. Pasina anodiwa michina uye mudonzvo nyanzvi, rabhoritari chirwere ipfupi kuzvivako vachishandisa enzayemu immunoassay hurongwa kuti wanikidza maantigen uye antibodies of Ebola utachiwana.

kanyanyisa gumisiro

The chikuru chinokonzera kufa panguva nokupenya vari ropa fivha, kudhaka, uye kuvhunduka anokonzerwa izvi zvakavapo. Mukuru nhamba yevanofa kumbowanikwa vhiki chirwere chechipiri. Kana ganda Maronda akasiyana, rakazaruka ropa kubva hura, maziso, muromo, nhengo dzomukati vanotanga haangashaikwi, chinokodzera kupfuura - rufu. Ebola inouraya nokukurumidza, asi zvinorwadza. Kana murwere ane mukana wokugadzirisa, kuti rikwanise danho anotora masvondo 2-3 uye convalescence kusvika 2-3 mwedzi. Vakapona Ebola iyi vanotambura nokukurumidza uremu, kudya kurasikirwa bvudzi, uye kunyange zvirwere mupfungwa.

Nokuda Kufanana rokutanga Ebola zviratidzo pamwe nezvimwe zvirwere kazhinji mukutanga nzendo utachiona hazvigoni chirwere uye nyore kuteerera. Izvi vakarasikirwa nguva uye, somugumisiro, zvinouraya. Naizvozvo, vanachiremba vane nguva dzose vachingotya akagadzirira. Mazuva zvikuru dzinonetsa rokutanga, vari kurarama murwere kunoenderana zvikuru pamusoro kana muviri aizokwanisa kukurumidza kuva antibodies ichabatsira vaigadzirise. Kana izvi zvikasaitika mumazuva 7-10, munhu anofa.

mabatiro

Danger Ebola ndechokuti mushonga inobudirira nokuti vachiri haako. Treatment rinoitwa bedzi mune kushandiswa kutapuriranwa mawadhi apo varwere vari lockdown. Shandisa nzira symptomatic kurapa uye pathogenetic zviitiko. Asi, sezvo tsika inoratidza kazhinji, nzira iyi yokurapa musamutsa zvikuru nemigumisiro uye haushandi. Positive kuitika zvinoratidza kushandiswa convalescent plasma. Causal kurapa nokuda pakurapa Ebola kuti nhasi haako.

Kana kuratidzwa Hemorrhagic Fever Ebola murwere pakarepo Vakaisa mira bhokisi-mhando apo vakachengeta kuzviomesera utsanana. Wabvisa kunoitika pashure kupora, asi kwete mazuva adarika pane 21 pashure kutanga rikwanise weboka chirwere. It kunoitika apo murwere nemamiriro anodzokera dzose, uye zvidzidzo virological dzakaratidza nemigumisiro yakaipa. All kuti murwere pevara uye chii vaaisangana, iri disinfected kwazvo muna tsiva, umo inochengeterwa. Chamber wevarwere yakagadzirirwa chaiwo chiutsi gadziriro, iyo inopa chimwe-nzira chete chokubuda mhepo mukati bhokisi.

Panguva kurapwa chete akashandisa kuraswa zviridzwa, izvo vaparadzwa pashure kushandiswa. tsvimbo zvokurapa zviri unodzivirira Anti-denda masutu, uyewo hama vanotarisira vanorwara. miedzo ropa uye secretions vanayo Ebola, uyewo zvose murabhoritari basa rinoitwa ne chaizvo kutarisirwa uye inonyanya nenhanho kusabereka.

dziviriro

Vanhu vakanga uchikurukura varwere uye angave utachiona, uye akaisa mumabhokisi kwemazuva anosvika 21 kuti pakuongorora. Panguva shoma mukana vakafunga chirwere varwere raitongwa immunoglobulin kuti yakarongerwa hyperimmune serum kubva mabhiza. mushonga uyu unoshanda mazuva 7-10.

Zvinokoshawo kuti, kunyange nemuedzo yakachena ropa, iro Ebola utachiona vanogona kuva mumuviri kwenguva refu, kusvikira mwedzi mitatu. Somuenzaniso, muna mukaka kwevanhukadzi uye dzisingaoneki dzevanhu. Nekuti kunyange kutsungirira chirwere, Zvinokurudzirwa kurega uchiyamwisa, kuti arege kukanganisa mwana, uye kuti kudzidzira pabonde. Ndapora kubva Ebola mumuviri kuti pave nesimba kwazvo kutapata. Re-chirwere hariwanikwi chaizvo uye asingauyi kusvika 5 muzana.

Kudzora kupararira Hemorrhagic Fever rinoitwa munyika yakati. By ichi mhando zvirwere zvinosanganisira Ebola, Marburg uye Lassa. Naizvozvo, nyika dzose vanosungirwa kukurumidza vanotaura mukanyiwa, uye kunyange Kashoma iri dzimbabwe guru WHO kuti pakarepo kutanga matanho uye kudzivirira zvirwere,. Zvidzidzo dzinokosha Ebola akapiwa mukana kushanda mushonga narwo, uyewo kuchengeteka prophylactic zvinodhaka. Uyewo nguva akaita vagari vakawanda akangwarira pane Ebola. Zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, sei kudzivisa, zvokuita kana chirwere, vose vanofanira kuziva nhasi. Kuti hutachiwana pamwe utachiona uye ayo kupararira haina pachii vashanyi vanoshanyira Africa, apo iye akanyora nokupenya.

zvinodhaka budiriro

Sezvo Ebola utachiwana singly akasimuka mumisha African uye nokukurumidza kwakapera, kukura mushonga kuzorwa naro makambani anogadzira havasi kufarira nokuda asiri profitability yacho asingashumbi hake. Asi hurumende dzakawanda kuongorora kukomba utachiwana nekuti haana kudemba multibillion emadhora upfumi pakutsvakurudza kwayo. Vakaperekedza kwakaita tsoko akaratidza migumisiro yakanaka pashure pokushandisa dzakabudirira yokudzivirira. Vakavhara utachiona, uye kunyange vakakwanisa varape primates wandei. Asi pasi vafarire neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga ichiri chipingamupinyi pamwero mukuru nzira inoshandiswa nokuda Ebola utachiwana.

Pamberi pokumuka yokudzivirira varwere akapiwa inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro uye mishonga kumisa zvishoma nefivha, chengeta masoja emuviri uye kudzivirira kukura yematambudziko. Akashandisawo palliative kurapwa zvinwiwa pamwe electrolytes. Serum akadzidza sei kubuda ropa remhuka. Vakanga utachiwana uye vakanga vakamirira pagadzirwe antibodies. Nzira iyi yakaita kuti kuvandudzika varwere. Asi marezinesi mushonga pamusoro Ebola utachiwana kusvikira zvino haako.