Nevus melanocytic, papillomatous nevus (photo). The borderline melanocytic nevus is ...

Munenge wose mugarisi wePasi, uyo asina ganda rakati dema, ane chizvarwa chimwe chete, mune remishonga inonzi chete nevus melanocytic. Zvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki mutauro weRussia shoko rokuti "nevus" rinokwererwa kubva muchiLatini uye rinoreva kuberekwa kwakafanana kana birthmark. Muhupenyu hwehupenyu, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, pane zvizvarwa zvitsva zvekuberekwa uko kwaimbova neganda rakachena, uye vekare vanonyangarika pane imwe nzvimbo. Vamwe vanhu vanotya, vamwe havanzwisisi, kunyanya kana masikati atanga "kurongedza" huma, mhino, masaya. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi moles, kana, zvesayenzi, zvipfeko, izvo zvavari, kwavanobva uye uye kana zvingangoita kuti zvionekwe maitiro avo.

Chii chinonzi nevus

Muganda revanhu nemhuka, kune masero anokosha - melanocytes, izvo zvinoita kuti rive pigment - melanin. Mhuka, inobata ruvara, inotarisa ruvara rwemaziso. Mune vanhu, iyo inonzi melanin inokonzerwa nekukanda kwezuva, kureva, inodzivirira kupikisa ultraviolet nemimwe miviri inokuvadza mumuviri. Apo iyo pigment yakagoverwa zvakafanana pamusoro pemasero eganda, ine yunifomu yerinomwe, inzwi. Kana kamwe-kamwe - nokuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi nesayenzi - mumasero akasiyana inowedzera mari yakawandisa, nzvimbo dzakadaro pamamiriro ezvinhu akazara dzinotanga kugoverwa, kureva kuti, kuberekwa patsva kunooneka, kana kuti nevus pigmentary. Nevus melanocytic yakafanana. Izvo zvinowirirana nemafungiro akafanana - avus melaniform kana isiri-cellular. Mucherechedzo wemasangano aya anobva akasiyana kubva kuusiku kusvika kuchena, dzimwe nguva violet. Kana kuberekwa kwemavara matsvuku (waini), inonzi inopisa yevus uye inoumbwa nekuda kwekuunganidza kukuru kwete chekugadzirwa kweguru, asi ma-capillari ari pedyo nechepamusoro peganda. Semuenzaniso: mavhiri anopisa mumusoro uye chikamu chehuma pa Gorbachev, mutungamiri wekupedzisira weSoviet Union.

Vamwe vanhu vangave vari muzinga rimwe chete neganda, vamwe vane zvishoma kudarika melanocytic nevus pamusoro payo. Mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa unoratidzira zvishoma nezvishoma zvinenge zvichinyanyisa . Vana vacheche havana mavara akadaro, kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti anowanzofunga kuti ari maduku zvikuru zvokuti haaonekwe. Dzinotanga kuonekwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana pane imwe nzvimbo kubva pazera remakore 9-10. Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, nyore nyore nevus pigments zvinoita rugare uye hazvikonzeri matambudziko mamwe kunze kwezvinokonzera zvipfeko.

Aina dze birthmarks

Melanocytic nevus yeganda inogona kuva yemhando mbiri:

1. Congenital

Muhupamhi, maumbirwo aya akaenzana ari maduku (kusvika pa5 cm masendimita), ari pakati (kusvika kusvika 10 cm) uye makuru, kana guru (kupfuura 10 cm). Congenital nevuses chero upi hukuru nekukura kwomwana uyewo kuwedzera muhupamhi. Inonyanya kuipa ndeyevhareji yevivha, yakakura uye ine simba, sezvo inowanzodzokorodzwa kuva yakaipa ye melanomas. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvipi vana vane zviratidzo zvikuru uye zvikuru zvinosununguka vanoberekwa, nyanzvi dzinoti zvakaoma kutaura. Maererano nehuwandu, anenge 5% yevana vakaberekerwa ne giant nevus, vanokurudzira kenza yeganda mugore rokutanga rehupenyu kana kuti vakwegura. Nokudaro, vabereki vane vana vanoberekwa vane zvizvarwa zvakakura vanofanira kubvunza nyanzvi. Kana iyo giant nevus iripo pachiso, chiremba anokwanisa kukurudzira kubhururuka kwayo nea laser, uye kana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri - kubviswa. Iyo nzira yekupedzisira inobvunzwawo kana kuberekwa kwemahombekombe yakakura ine ruvara rusiya uye nzvimbo yakakwirira.

2. Akawana

Munguva yehupenyu, mavara emaruva anogona kuonekwa pane chero chikamu chemuviri, kusanganisira scalp, mazamu, zvimiti, zvigadziko zvetsoka. Shanduro dzesayenzi masayendisiti akawana kuti nhamba yakawanda yemakondomu inoderedza ngozi ye osteoporosis nechokuita chimwe chechipiri uye inonyanya kuderedza maitiro emakwenzi, uye nevi resection muchirwere chinonzi melanomas inowanikwa munenge 16% yevanhu vane mavara e pigment.

Zvinokonzera kutarisa kwemashure

Masayendisiti munyaya imwe neimwe haagoni kutaurira kuti seivus melanocytic inowanikwa mumunhu. Asi pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvinowanzoita zvinokonzera kuvepa.

Saka, zviratidzo zvekuberekwa kwemawere zvinogona kuonekwa kana panguva yekuzvitakura zvinotevera zvakaitika:

1. Intrauterine infections (herpes, toxoplasmosis, chibhokisi uye vamwe).

2. Kutora vakadzi vane pamuviri nemishonga.

3. Kuwedzera kwekushandisa vitamini A.

4. Kugamuchira doro.

5. Chirwere cheshuga chinowanikwa mumadzimai ane pamuviri.

6. Kusina micronutrients.

7. Heredity. Kazhinji kakatova muDNA yakaiswa pasi, kuti nevusus melanocytic ichaonekwa pamwana pamuviri mune imwe nzvimbo. Uye kazhinji zvizvarwa zvekuberekwa zvakaberekwa zvakafanana mumwana uye amai vake kana vari pedyo zvikuru neizvozvo.

Izvo zvakawanikwa nevushu zvinogona kuonekwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

1. Makumi makuru e ultraviolet. Kusagadziriswa kwezuva uye kutengesa zvakanyanya ne solarium kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwe melanin pigment, iyo inotungamirira pakuumbwa kwemamero.

2. Kuchinja kwehutachiona. Izvi zvinosanganisira chero mamiriro ezvinhu (kurwara, pamuviri, kuberekwa, kumisa mimba, kushungurudzika, nezvakadaro), umo mune kukanganisa kwehomoni. Izvo, izvozvi zvinokonzera kuvezwa kweganda kune rumwe ruvara, kunyange mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane zvinopesana, zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kwematombo ekuberekwa akatovapo.

3. Mhizha.

4. X-ray.

5. Kushungurudzika kweganda. Zvinogona kukonzera kufamba kwee-melanocyte pedyo nechepakadzika peganda, ndiko kuti, mavara eve pigment anoonekwa zvikuru.

Kutevedzana kwemakero

Mazita ezvehutano ezvokuvhiringidza dzimwe nguva anoita kuti vamwe vanyonganiswa. Zvisinei, chokwadi, zvinhu zvose pano zviri nyore uye zvine musoro. Ganda revanhu rinosanganisira zvidimbu: epidermis (pedo nepamusoro), dermis (pakati, thickest) uye hypodermis (yakadzika). Zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chekuunganidza ma-melanocytes, mavara anotevera emarangi akaiswa pachena:

- epidermal nevus (iri munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeganda - epidermis);

- intradermal (zvakafanana, kuunganidza ma-melanocytes kunoonekwa mumvura yakadzika-dermis);

- muganhu wean melanocytic nevus (iyi inowedzera yakawanda ye melanin pakati pe epidermis uye dermis);

- hypodermal (nzvimbo ye pigment mu hypodermis) - rudzi urwu rwevhevi ruri kunze rwusingaoneki, asi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, melanocytes inogona kuswedera pedyo nechepamusoro peganda.

Chimiro uye chimiro chekuratidzwa chinoratidzirwa nemhando dzinotevera dzeNevi:

- zvakaoma;

- atypical;

- kudzoka;

- papillomatous melanocytic nevus;

- Chiedza chebhuruu;

- Mongolian nzvimbo;

- vhudzi (kubva pakaberekwa imwechete kana kupfuura dzimwe bvudzi dzinokura , kakawanda kazhinji ruvara ruvara, zvisinei nokuti, munhu akachena kana kuti brunette).

- Nemisvo Setton, Clark, Spitz,

Ngationgororei nezvinyorwa zvitsva.

Chii chinonzi papillomatous intradermal melanocytic pigmentary nevus

Muchirevo ichi uye kwenguva yakaoma kunzwisisa kwekunzwisisa, pfungwa dzakawanda dzinopedzerwa kamwechete. Nokudaro, zvatove zvataurwa pamusoro apa kuti mazwi "melanocytic" uye "pigmented" anoreva kuunganidza melanin pigment mu melanocytes, iyo inounza iyo. Intradermal nevus chaizvoizvo zvinoreva nzvimbo ye melanocyte inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeganda uye kunze inomiririra kubhururuka kunopfuura pamusoro penzvimbo. Izwi raro rinoshandiswa mumishonga inoreva "intradermal melanocytic nevus". Kana iine ruvara rwemuviri, zvakare, uye iri pachigamba, pane kufanana kwakanyanya nepapilloma. Nokudaro zita- nevus papillomatous. Maitiro akadaro anooneka zvikuru mumusoro (the scalp), mutsi, chiso, asi inogona kuonekwa pane imwe chikamu chemuviri. Mucherechedzo wavo, kunze kwemuviri, inoshuva, tsvuku, yakasviba, uye duku-hummocky chimiro chakafanana neholiflower. Mukurapa, unogona kuwana mamwe mazita ayo, somuenzaniso, neural warty, linear, hyperkeratotic. Kune miviri miviri - yekuti hupenyu, apo zviratidzo zvekuberekwa kwepillomatous zvinoratidzirwa zvisingaridzi, uye zvinoparadzirwa, kana pane dzakawanda zvakadai sevarty tubercles. Kazhinji ivo vanowanikwa apo midziyo yakawanda yeropa nemidziyo yenzara inopfuura. Kana munhu ane nguva yakadaro, inogona kuratidza zvirwere zvepakati yenheyo system, kunyanya kuora mwoyo. Kunyange zvazvo papillomatous intradermal melanocytic nevus yeganda, ichionekwa nekuberekwa, nguva dzose inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, inotumidzwa kubeninome-hazardous mhando dzemhando dzakagadzirwa. Pasinei neizvi, inofanira kunge yakaratidzwa kune dermatologist, kuti ione kana iri ivus, papilloma kana melanoma. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuona chiremba kana chiratidzo chepamuviri chepillomatous chinotanga kukuvadza, kuchinja kana kuchinja ruvara. Panosimbisa kuongororwa, chiremba anoita kuonekwa kunoonekwa, uye kana zvichidikanwa, inonzi siascopy, ultrasound, biopsy.

Complex melanocytic nevus

Iyi tsanangudzo inoshandiswa apo iyo mole, inoberekwa mu epidermis, inokura ichienda mudermisi. Kunze, zvakangofanana nechiganda, kwete kupfuura 1 cm muhupamhi.Sezvimwe mhando dzeevi, iyo yakaoma inonzi inofadza, zvisinei, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvokurapa, mune zvinopfuura 50% zvezviitiko zvinogona kushandurwa kuva melanoma. Nokudaro, inorondedzerwa sehutano hwemaranoma. Nekugadzirisa kwayo, yakaoma nevus inogona kunge yakaoma, yakasviba, ine mvere, ine mvere, uye ine ruvara kakawanda yakaita rima-kubva pahuvhuni kusvika kune yakasviba.

Atypical nevus

Zvinotendwa kuti kana munhu mumwe chete muvanhu gumi ane paganda atypical kana dysplastic melanocytic nevus. Mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa unoratidza kuti ungaita sei. Zita iri rakapiwa zvikwereti zvekuberekwa zvichibva kune zvaro zvisingasviki, sezvo zvakasvibiswa miganhu, asymmetry, ukuru (sekutonga, inopfuura 6 mm), kufanana kune mamwe makero. Mune ruvara, zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvikuru - kubva pakuchenera bhenji kana kuti piniki kusvika kune mutsvuku. Muchirapa, kune chirevo chekufananidzira kwechimiro ichi - Clark's nevus. Kana iwe ukazviwana iwe mukuzvarwa kwakadaro kusingazivikanwi, iwe unofanira kugara uchibvunza chiremba kuti uone kuti hakuna melanoma. Vanachiremba vanotenda kuti nevi yepaypiki mukati mavo haisi yehutano hwehutano, asi vanhu vane avo vari pangozi yekuvandudza kenza yeganda, kwete kwete panzvimbo yeiyo mavara. Munguva yehupenyu, nevi inypical, sezvimwe chero ipi zvayo, inogona kupera pachayo pachavo, asi ichi hachisi chikonzero chekusabvisa munhu kubva muboka risina ngozi.

Dzokera nevus

Izvozvo zvinonzi mavara eve pigment zvichionekwa panzvimbo iyo birthmark yakabviswa. Iyo kudzoka nevus, sekutonga, zvinoreva kuti mishonga ye birthmark haina kubviswa zvachose uye chechipiri inoshanda inodiwa.

Nevus Spitz

Ichi ndicho chimwe chimiro chakavezwa, zvichienderana nekuvapo kwevanhu vanowira muboka risina ngozi nekuda kwekutanga kwemaranoma. Kuonekwa paganda ndizvo zvinowanzoberekerwa navana vanoita pasi pemakore gumi nemakore, asi vakuru vadzo havawanikiwo. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chekusagadzikana kweSpitz kukura kwayo nokukurumidza. Saka, kamwe-kamwe kuonekwa paganda, mumwedzi mishomanana chete, inogona kukura muhupamhi kubva pamamilimita mashoma kusvika kune centimita kana kupfuura. Chimwe chezvinhu zvake zvisingafadzi ndezvekuti anogona kupa metastases kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeganda uye lymph nodes. Asi, pasinei neizvi, kazhinji, Spitz nevi inonzi inobata uye inobatsira nyore nyore kurapa panguva yakakodzera.

Neville Settona

Dzimwe nguva pamuviri unoita sezvivako zvekuberekwa zvine mhepo yakachena pamucheto. Vanotakura mazita maviri - Setanton melanocytic nevus uye halo-nevus. Vamwe vanhu vane maitiro akadaro, vamwe vanogona kunge vane zvizhinji, kunyanya kumashure. Mhepo yakachena, maererano nevasayendisiti, inokonzerwa nekuti masero ari mairi anoparadzwa nemasero ezvirwere zvemuviri. Kwemakore, Setton's nevus inogona kubvisa zvachose kana kuparara zvachose, zvichisiya nzvimbo yakajeka yepamusoro. Mune huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemakumbo hazvina ngozi. Asi masayendisiti akawana kuti kuvapo kwavo, kunyanya muhuwandu hwakawanda, kunogona kunge kuripo nokuda kwekuvapo kwazvo muridzi wezvirwere zvakadai sevitiligo uye thyroiditis, kana kuti melanoma, iyo isati yazviratidza.

Nevus Becker

Ichi chinonzi birthmark muhupamhi hwayo chakafanana nevus melanocytic giant. Inenge muine chikamu chezviitiko, izvi zvinoratidzirwa zvinoitika mumucheche kunyange mudumbu. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana neB Becker'svuses ndeichi:

- kukura kwevhu pamusoro pavo;

- kuputika kwemakwenzi pamusoro pavo;

- kuwedzera muhukuru kusvika pane imwe pfungwa, saka rega kukura uye kujekesa kwemuvara.

Kazhinji kazhinji mazita ekuberekwa akadaro anoramba ari munhu wehupenyu. Hazvimirire njodzi, asi varidzi vadzo nguva nenguva vanofanira kuratidziridzwa kune dermatologist.

Zvinotyisa sei zviratidzo zvekuberekwa

Vamwe vanhu vanoziva kuti makomesheni anogona kuguma ave ma melanoma kana mamwe marudzi echepachira reganda. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kunaka. Mune huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko, chero birthmark (kana nevus melanocytic) haingatyisidzi chero chinhu. Kunyanya kunetseka uye nokukurumidzira kumhanyira kuchiremba (dermatologist, oncologist) zvakakosha, kana kamwe-kamwe nea mole izvi zvinotevera zvakatanga kuitika:

- ruvara rwayo rwakashanduka, zvose zvakafanana, mune nzira;

- yakava isina kuenzaniswa (somuenzaniso, convex kune rumwe rutivi);

- ruvara kana kuumbwa kwe birthmark ye birthmark yakashanduka;

- iyo mole yakatanga kupera, hove, kubuda;

- zvakanyanya kuwedzera hukuru hwe birthmark.

Muzviitiko zvose, kana mutsva yakangoberekwa yakasiyana kubva kune iyo iripo, kana yekare inogona kuitika kamwe nenzira isina kujairika, unoda kuona chiremba nekukurumidza.

Chii chaunofanira kuita nemarope?

Kana zvibvumirano zvisingaiti uye usashushi, uye zvakare kana zviri munzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzeganda, iwe unongoda kuvatarisa. Kana iripo iyo inogona kuwanzovhiringidza (pamichindwe, pamakumbo etsoka, pamutsipa, pamusoro, pachiuno) kana pachiso, iyo inokonzera kukanganisa kwemazamu, inokurudzirwa kubviswa. Kupa basa rakadaro rinodiwa chete kuvarapi - chiremba, dermatologist. Inokurudzirwa kubvisa epidermal nevuses chete nekuvhiyiwa. Iyo inoitwa pasi peanesthesia yemunharaunda, saka hainzwisisiki. Papillomatous melanocytic nevus yeganda, kunyanya iri panheyo, dzimwe nguva yakakodzera kuibvisa newaini ye-nitrogen. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kushandiswa kwemalasi emakemikari uye kushamiswa kwavo nerepa redhiyo zvakare zvakashandiswa zvakanaka.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, chiremba anowanzoendesa zviduku zvakabviswa pamusangano wekuongorora kwake kuti ave nechokwadi chekusabatwa kwekenza.

Hazvibvumirwi zvachose kubvisa zvipfeko pachavo, tsika dzevanhu. Kunyanya kakawanda kazhinji vanhu vanoedza kubvisa papillomatous nevuses pamakumbo, nekuvasunga ne thread. Izvi zvinotungamirira mukubatana kweropa kuwanika kune mole, uye inogona kuparara zvachose. Asi mumatambudziko akawanda nzira iyi ye "kurapa" inokonzera kukura kwekuchinja mumasero epidermis kana dermis uye inotungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa.