Zvicherwa Belarus, mugariro wavo uye kushandisa

Chii chinobatsira Belarus anosiyana zvinokosha reserves zvicherwa? Chii yakavanzwa pakadzika Eastern nyika dzokuEurope? Sei rationally kukudziridza uye kushandisa chicherwa pfuma reRepublic? Pindura mibvunzo iyi tichaedza munyaya ino.

Belarus: zvakafanana zviri yezvakaita nyika

jogirafi zvokunyama Belarus kunoratidzwa akawanda zvinhu. Ivo:

• Plains nzvimbo;
• ari predominance varombo pevhu-podzolic uye pevhu-deveteve nevhu;
• munhu wakasvinura Continental ezvinhu pamwe kakawanda chando thaws;
• chinokosha wetlands (anenge 30%);
• vazhinji Freshwater madhamu (mu zvachose - kwete asingasviki 10 zviuru).

About chetatu nyika rinosanganisira masango, iine achinyanya pamusoro pomuouki, Birch, Aspen, spruce kana mupaini. Pane zvakawanda madhamu uye anezvimiti pamusoro Belarus wamasarudza siyana shiri. Hurumende iri kuchengeterwa Bialowieza Forest, iyo inozivikanwa kure mhiri nyika. It runochengetedzwa ane vakawanda bison, uyewo wokupedzisira muEurope, relict dondo nharaunda.

Zvicherwa Belarus: mumatanda uye padanho pakukura

In Belarus pane anenge 4 zviuru deposits zvicherwa siyana. To yose nyika inozivikanwa aro akakura matura potashi. By Vhoriyamu kwayo maindasitiri deposits nayo chinobatanidza aitungamirira chinzvimbo muEurope.

Nezvimwe zvicherwa zviri Belarus - dombo munyu, peat, uyewo mbishi zvokuvakisa rokuvaka indasitiri (girenayiti, dolomite, choko, reraimu, etc.). Pane munyika uye duku minda mafuta. budiriro yavo rakatanga kuma1960. Zvisinei, kuti zvevakomana, ayo mudzimba kudiwa nyika goridhe dema anofukidza 12-15 chete%.

Kune kazhinji makadzika Belarus, tsika goridhe uye mangoda (maererano zvekungofungira dzimwe nyanzvi, Vanodzidza). Zvisinei, kukura kwavo uye kugadzirwa chero zvazvingava kuva uneconomical nokuda wo yakadzika zvekufuga yacho upfumi.

Mining uye makemikari mbishi zvokuvakisa: phosphates, potashi uye dombo munyu

Mukati Mogilev nharaunda zvokuvhoterwa Akaongorora deposits padombo phosphate. Pano, maererano Vanodzidza, ndiwo matani anenge mamiriyoni 60 mbishi zvinhu. In Belarus, phosphates dzinoturwa muchimiro matete kana zvikasadaro vakapararira munzvimbo dzakawanda akaturikidzana jecha.

In dzakadzikira nyika yakawanikwa uye potassium munyu. Deposits iyi chicherwa zvinhu zviri kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba Belarus (Starobin, Oktyabrsky, Petrikov). maindasitiri pfuma yavo zvinofungidzirwa ne Vanodzidza pa mabhiriyoni 10 matani, uye nhamba (mberi) - matani anoda kusvika mabhiriyoni 80.

In Belarus, akawana rakapotsa risingaperi reserves padombo munyu. Vari Pripyat mumudziyo, imwe nzvimbo 25,000 mativi makiromita. Upper Devonian dombo munyu deposits achiumbwa mbiri akaturikidzana. Mining rinoitwa kusvikira miviri chete nenzvimbo - at Mozyr uye Starobin deposits. recoverable reserves avo vanenge mabhiriyoni 22 matani mbishi zvinhu.

Mineral mbishi zvokuvakisa kuvaka indasitiri

Pakazosvika zvicherwa zvinoshandiswa kuvaka, anofanira kunzi loam nevhu, jecha, mavhu, mavhu, choko, marl, reraimu, girenayiti, dolomite, labradorite, machena, kaolin nezvimwe matombo. The ndima Belarus ane akapfuma zvikuru mune zvicherwa izvi.

Fusible nevhu akawana anenge munyika. Kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri vakanga vabata, kunyange mukati miganhu Minsk. chemhando yepamusoro ivhu nhema mukati Vitebsk nharaunda. Total matura That fusible muna Belarus zvinofungidzirwa panguva matani anenge hafu bhiriyoni. Inenge chete vhoriyamu uye mavhu-hurungudo zvinhu munyika. Refractory uye refractory nevhu vari rakachengetedzwa mukati Loev uye Stolin nemaruwa.

On muganhu Belarus nokushingaira mined silicate uye dhaka sand. fungidzira reserves zvavo zvachose zvinofungidzirwa pa mabhiriyoni maviri cubic metres kubva mbishi zvinhu. Construction sand mined nhasi pamusoro minda 20. The guru wavo riri pedyo nomusha Lebezhany Baranovichi eruwa.

Makadzika Belarus nhema uye mbishi zvokuvakisa samende indasitiri - marl, choko, ivhu uye moraine. Zvikurukuru munzvimbo Akaongorora Kostyukovichskij kupfuura dhipoziti esimende mbishi zvinhu mu Europe - Komunarskiy. At chawo nayo inoshanda zvirimwa matatu. Asi pedo neguta Vitebsk huru dhipoziti kuti dolomite.

In Belarus kubva pasi zvakare kuzovazve chicherwa pigments (madhayi), izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Iri chena nesuko, ocher, siderite uye glauconite.

mhangura zvicherwa

Belarus aiziva deposits zviviri dzesimbi esimbi. Ivo riri Korelichi uye Stolbtsy mudunhu. The simbi kugutsikana mune dzomunzvimbo quartzite yakaderera uye yaiva 30%. Mhangura Kugadzirwa uyewo wakaoma chaizvo rakadzika panowanikwa vazvo ayo.

Kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, Vanodzidza vanotenda, kungava zvimwe deposits vasiri ferrous nesimbi, zvikurukuru, chizvarwa mhangura uye chalcopyrite. In Lelchitsa wevasungwa kuti uranium exchange ari sediments yakakura zvakakwana uye anosvika mumaindasitiri kuita (kureva, sangano rayo kugadzirwa pangave Mari-anobudirira). Kazhinji, Vanodzidza kuongorora rwezasi nyika, apo pemvura chiso nhoo crystalline namatombo. Vane chokwadi chokuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera ipapo zvichava kuvhura minda itsva siyana esimbi zvicherwa.

Chinotsva zvicherwa: mafuta, gasi, peat

Yokutanga mafuta tsime rakanga akachera muna Belarus mukutanga 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Zvisinei, kuti dzokubudisa namafuta akanga asiri chemhando yepamusoro. Black goridhe simbi iri muindasitiri pamwero kubudisa pano chete nemakore Kuma1960. Belarusian mafuta kugadzirwa centre raiva guta Rechitsa munzvimbo iri Gomel mudunhu. The mafuta vemo zvakasiyana kare yepamusoro unhu. Mumwe munda mafuta chikuru (Ostashkovichi) rakaonekwa muna makumi maviri chete kubva Rechitsa.

All ose, nhasi Belarus Akaongorora minda mafuta anenge mashanu dhazeni. Total matura endarama nhema vari matani anoda kusvika mamiriyoni 90. Gore roga roga, nyika anowana kubva subsoil ayo anenge mamiriyoni maviri izvi mbishi zvinhu.

In Belarus mafuta rinewo zvimwe akabatanidza gasi. Zvisinei, ayo kugadzirwa rinotaura muzana imwe chete zvachose wechipfuwo kudiwa ichi upfumi. Akabatanidza gasi inoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi panguva chafariz simba chirimwa, uye rinoshandiswa kuti kudziyisa yokugara zvivako misha iri Gomel nharaunda.

In mudumbu zvokuvhoterwa pane zvikuru deposits vorumwe huni mari - peat. reserves dzavo dzinosvika cubic metres vanenge mabhiriyoni 30 mbishi zvinhu. Kusvika panguva peat muna Belarus rinobudiswa kubva kuminda 42. Vazhinji vavo dziri muna Polesie mudunhu.

Vamwe vaizotibata chicherwa pfuma yacho

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvicherwa kubudisa achivimbisa muna Belarus? Kune akawanda akadai:

• lignite;
• mafuta shale;
• gypsum.

On mundima nyika Akaongorora minda wandei mafuta shale, riri pane imwe kudzika mamita 600. reserves zvavo zvachose zvinofungidzirwa matani gumi mabhiriyoni. Rich mu chicherwa pfuma uye Belarusian mashava marasha. deposits Large izvi huni zvekuvaka vanozivikanwa kuti kumadokero Pripyat wamarudzi. Saizvozvowo nharaunda ine zvinhu deposits ose gypsum. Common mumatanda pamusoro zvokuvakisa vanofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 400 matani nyanzvi pa.

The ndima Belarus, nokuda peculiarities ari Geological mamiriro, mupfumi uye pevhu chicherwa mvura. Munyika yakaratidza zvakawanda manyuko sulphate, bicarbonate, magnesium, uye dzimwe mvura.

Modern matambudziko uye maitiro chicherwa mari mu Belarus

Mukupera 2015, President Alexander Lukashenko musangano panguva iyo, Inter Alia, vakakurukura mamiriro uye kushandiswa pari pakati zvicherwa zvinhu mujinga nyika. The musoro wehurumende akasimbisa kuti Belarus kunofanira zvinobvira kuderedza kuvimba kwayo pamusoro dzimwe zvicherwa. Izvi zvinoda kugadzirwa kare Akaongorora deposits, uyewo chinoshingaira kutsvaka vatsva.

Belarus anopedza gore negore vanenge mabhiriyoni 11 emadhora kutenga Mahydrocarbon kubva kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwe chete imwe nyika kupinzwa uye zvicherwa avo, izvo akawanda zviri mudumbu zvokuvhoterwa. Tiri kutaura mavhu, anodzvinyirirwa ibwe, purasita. The chete mamiriro ezvinhu nomumwe chinokosha chinogona: somuenzaniso, une dzimwe dzayo dziripo zhinji matura yepamusoro chicherwa mvura, nyika akatenga kunwa mvura kubva France, Italy nedzimwe nyika.

Belarus kwakasimbiswa purogiramu inokosha nokuda kukura uye kurapa omunzvimbo chicherwa pfuma, iyo inofanira kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu ave nani.

In mhedziso ...

Munyika yave Akaongorora vanenge 4 zviuru minda siyana. Yakakurumbira Belarusian hunoshatisa zviwanikwa kuti zvino sohunobishairira dzakabudirira - a potassium munyu, mafuta, gasi, peat, dombo munyu, dolomite, kuvaka jecha, ivhu uye marl.