Zvakarurama uye inokosha tsvakurudzo. Chinokosha tsvakurudzo nzira

Minda kutsvakurudza zvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana anoranga kwesayenzi, inochinja zvose zvaraireva ezvinhu uye mitemo uye tarisa zvachose pezvakaitwa zvose - iri kutsvakurudza inokosha.

Zviviri zvamarudzi tsvakurudzo

Chero nharaunda ruzivo kuti zvinoda yokungotaura uye experimental kwesayenzi, kundotsvaka regularities anokonzera mamiriro, chimiro, mamiriro, akafanana, zvivako, uyewo aibuda kwemasayendisiti chokuita navo, kunokosha sayenzi. Izvi zvinoshanda dzakawanda dzinokosha sciences zvepanyama uye nevanhu. zvidzidzo zvinokosha zviri wokukudza Conceptual uye yokungotaura Dzidziso inyaya.

Asi pane imwe mhando wokuziva yacho. Izvi ndikarangarira tsvakurudzo dzakanangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu rinoshanda uye michina nzira. Science kunowedzera chinangwa ruzivo dzevanhu chokwadi, kuva kwavo yokungotaura systematization. Chinangwa charo kutsanangura tsananguro uye Kufembera zvimwe urongwa kana mananara, apo iye anowana mitemo uye avo hwaro dzidziso unoratidza chokwadi. Zvisinei, pane sayenzi zvainanga kushandiswa chaikwo avo postulates kuti zvinopa kutsvakurudza inokosha.

tumisoro

weboka uyu aishanda uye kutsvakurudza anokosha rakanyatsojeka zvimiso, nekuti yokupedzisira vanowanzoda mukuru kubatsira, asi maererano wokutanga ndiko kazhinji kutendeuka zvinowanikwa nesayenzi. Yokudzidza mitemo dzinokosha uye deducing mukuru misimboti, vatsvakurudzi dzinenge nguva dzose kufunga kuramba kushanda avo vawana zvakananga vachiriteerera, uye kwete kukosha chaizvo pazvinoitika: zvinonyauka ari chokoreti zvino kushandisa microwave nemwaranzi, Percy Spencer, kana kumirira kwemakore anoda kusvika mazana mashanu kubva 1665 kusvika nendege nemapuraneti pedyo, sezvo Giovanni Cassini, yayo kuwanikwa Great dzvuku patepi Jupiter.

The mutsetse pakati chii chinokosha uye vakashandisa tsvakurudzo, anenge illusory. Chero sainzi itsva pakutanga zvakangonyuka chinokosha, uye ipapo chinoita kune mazano anoshanda. Somuenzaniso, muna quantum Vanamakanika, izvo akasimuka sezvo rudzi anenge tiivistelmä bazi wefizikisi, imwe nguva yokutanga handina kuona chinhu chinobatsira, asi isingasviki gumi, sei zvinhu zvachinja. Kunyanya renyukireya Physics munhu aitarisira saka nokukurumidza uye zvikuru kushandiswa uchidzidzira. Rakaiswa nokutsvakurudza dzinokosha zvakasimba interlinked, yokupedzisira ari hwaro (hwaro) nzvimbo yokutanga.

RFBR

Domestic nesayenzi kushanda rakanyatsorongwa maitiro, uye Russian Foundation kuti Basic Research kwaro chimiro chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha akakwirira. RFBR anofukidza zvose zvine chokuita mabasa yesayenzi munharaunda chinowedzera kwerunyararo chinoshingaira mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinogona renyika uye inopa masayendisiti mari.

Zvinofanira zvikurukuru kucherechedzwa kuti Russian Foundation for Basic Research anoshandisa yemakwikwi zvigadziriswe mari munyika kwesainzi uye kuyera ose basa kune nyanzvi, kuti ndicho vanoremekedzwa zvikuru nhengo masayendisiti. The chikuru Basa Russian Federal Property Fund ndiko kuita kusarudzwa nokuda makwikwi yakanakisisa zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza vakabvuma nemasayendisiti yacho pachangu. Next kwake kunofanira kuva kwesangano nemari kuhwina mumakwikwi muzvirongwa.

Areas yokutsigira

Basic Research Foundation anotsigira masayendisiti muminda zivo zhinji.

1. Computer sainzi, hurongwa, masvomhu.

2. Astronomy uye Physics.

3. Materials Science uye Chemistry.

4. sainzi Medical uye zvipenyu.

5. Nyika sayenzi.

6. sainzi womunhu uye vanhu.

7. Computing uye Information Technology.

8. kunyatsogona Engineering Sciences.

Hazvina inotsigira Fund kuti nechido mudzimba dzinokosha uye vakashandisa kutsvakurudza uye kukura, saka Dzidziso uye tsika mukwanisi mumwe. Chete kudyidzana kwavo zivo zvakafanana yesayenzi.

itsva mirayiridzo

Basic ndikarangarira tsvakurudzo vari kuchinja kwete chete inokosha yemashoko cognition uye maitiro nemafungiro yesayenzi, asiwo vose zvesayenzi mufananidzo wenyika. Izvi zvinoitika zvakawanda uye kazhinji, uye "honzeri" kuti vasingazivikanwi kuti munhu zuro oushumiri itsva inokosha tsvakurudzo kuti zera remakore, rakakurumidza anowana kushandisirwa kukura sayenzi rikashandiswa. Kana isu ukanyatsoongorora nhoroondo wefizikisi, unogona kuona echimurenga zvechokwadi kuchinja.

Ivo zvaizobatsira kukura vakawanda munzvimbo itsva vakashandisa yokutsvakurudza uye zvitsva ruzivo, izvo zvinokonzerwa kukurumidza kuwedzera mune dzinokosha tsvakurudzo. Asi vari kukurumidza kushandurirwa upenyu chaihwo. Dyson akanyora kuti kare zvaida makore 50-100 nzira kubva chinokosha matongo kuti huru dzinotambudza maindasitiri mafomu. Zvino ndiyo nguva sokunge kusvinwa kubva chinokosha matongo kuti sumo iri kugadzirwa kwacho kunoitika tichizviona. Uye zvose nokuti zvakachinja pachavo inokosha tsvakurudzo nzira.

Basa Russian Federal Property Fund

First pane vakasarudzwa muzvirongwa iri yemakwikwi hwaro, uye ipapo yakatanga uye aifarirwa sezvakarayirwa kufunga ose mabasa wataurwa makwikwi, musi kutsvakurudza ruzivo richaitirwa makwikwi. Next ari mari akapfuura kusarudzwa mabasa uye mabasa pamwe haizopereri kudzora kushandisa dzinounzwa mari.

Kuti asimbise uye tirambe pamwe renyika mumunda nesayenzi chikuru yokutsvakurudza pano uye mari rwakashodoka zvirongwa. Under gadziriro, pakuburitswa kwemashoko zvinhu mabasa aya, uye vari rinoparadzirwa. The Foundation iri vachishingaira mumabasa kuumba paruzhinji Mutemo zvesainzi, mamwe shortens gwara kubva dzinokosha tsvakurudzo kusvika pakukura kwemichina.

Chinangwa chikuru tsvakurudzo

Kukura sayenzi hwagara enshrined evanhu transformations muupenyu paruzhinji. Technology - Nde vavariro inokosha tsvakurudzo ose, nokuti ichifambira mberi nebudiriro, sainzi uye nounyanzvi. No tsvakurudzo - No chikumbiro chikumbiro, saka, hapana zviripo chinja.

Next chuma: kukura indasitiri, kukura kugadzirwa, kukura kwenzanga. In chikuru tsvakurudzo vakaisa yose maumbirwo ruzivo, iro riri kukura inokosha muenzaniso kuvapo. In venguva wefizikisi, chepakutanga nechigadziko womuenzaniso nyore pfungwa kwemaatomu sezvo sechivako pafuma uye mitemo hurongwa ane zvinhu pfungwa. Nokudaro Physics akatanga kukura kwayo, kupa pave ose itsva muenzaniso huru uye kuwedzera kunzwisisa.

Akazobatanidzwa uye kupesana

In ukama wose uye vakashandisa tsvakurudzo chinonyanya kukosha ndiro muitiro kuti anodzinga kukura ruzivo. Science anoenda kuwedzera yakafara pamberi, zuva roga roga complicating nechivako wavo kare zvakaoma zvakafanana mhenyu zvikuru chaizvo. Chii chakafanana? Chero muviri ane muzvizhinji kuti hurongwa uye subsystems. Vamwe vanotsigira muviri chinoshingaira, kushingaira, mupenyu ezvinhu - uye chete kuti basa ravo. Vamwe yaitaura kudyidzana pamwe kunze nyika, saka kutaura - pamusoro muviri. Zvesayenzi Saizvozvowo zvose zvinoitika.

Pane subsystems kuti rutsigiro chinoshingaira mamiriro zvesayenzi, uye pane vamwe - Vanotungamirirwa zvokunze kuratidzwa kwesayenzi, sezvo zvinosanganisira zvayo dzimwe mabasa. Chinokosha tsvakurudzo rinonyatsotarira nezvinodiwa nesayenzi, kutsigira ayo basa, uye ichi runowanikwa kukura nzira cognition uye kwetunhu pfungwa, inova musimboti woupenyu. Ndizvo zvinorehwa pfungwa "sayenzi wakachena" kana "ruzivo nokuda zivo." Zvakarurama tsvakurudzo anogara rinotungamirirwa kwekunze, ivo nezvairehwa dzidziso uye kuita basa nevanhu, kuti iri - pamwe kugadzirwa, saka kuchinja nyika.

zvaunofunga

New sainzi inokosha yakatangawo pachishandiswa vakashandisa tsvakurudzo, kunyange zvazvo izvi ndiyo Conjugate pamwe matambudziko yokungotaura zvishande urongwa. Kazhinji zvinhu tsvakurudzo rine zvakawanda mafomu, uye hazvibviri pfungwa pakati pavo kuchaitika chinotevera budiriro kukura yokungotaura ruzivo. Muenzaniso yaizova inonakidza mamiriro ezvinhu, nhasi kuri wefizikisi. Mukusarudza yayo inokosha yokuti mumunda microprocessors - the quantum.

It akanyatsosiyana kwakachinja nzira yose kufunga mu sayenzi kwomuviri remakore rechimakumi maviri. Iye ane hombe siyana mafomu, rimwe nerimwe riri kuedza "muhomwe" zvose zvinokonzerwa bazi iri yokungotaura wefizikisi. Uye vazhinji akabudirira nenzira iyi. Mafomu ose quantum dzidziso, mumwe pashure pomumwe kusika yakazvimirira kutungamirirwa inokosha tsvakurudzo: zvikukutu-mamiriro wefizikisi, chepuraimari PARTICIPLE wefizikisi uyewo nezvenyeredzi, wefizikisi, biology uye vakawanda kuti vauye. Mumwe haangagoni asi kugumisa kuti quantum Vanamakanika akaita revolutionized mafungiro chaiko.

Development Maitiro

Development zviri tsvakurudzo nzvimbo nhoroondo nesayenzi akafuma zvikuru. Izvi hurongwa chekare unoratidza dzinokosha zvivako uye mitemo inofamba pamusoro macroscopic miviri, uye wethermodynamics mitemo yayo wepakutanga chafariz urongwa, electrodynamics uye remagetsi dzinotsanagura quantum hurongwa kwave taurei, asi zvikuru sei isu aizofanira kutaura genetics! Uye izvi hazvina yapera dzakatevedzana refu nzvimbo itsva inokosha tsvakurudzo.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti anenge ose sainzi itsva chinokosha kwakaita kuti hombe Kuwedzera siyana Zvakarurama tsvakurudzo uye zivo iyoyo yakanga kufukidzwa zvinenge zvose. Panongotanga chete dzenhoroondo Vanamakanika Somuenzaniso, awana nheyo dzayo, zvakatanga kushandiswa kwazvo muzvidzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana hurongwa uye zvivako. Nokudaro akamuka hurongwa dzamarudzi nhau, rakasimba muviri Vanamakanika, Urume Vanamakanika, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Kana kutora zvitsva zvokuita - Organizmica, riri mubasa kukura rinokosha Academy of Basic Research.

convergence

Vanoongorora utverzhayut kuti zvedzidzo uye mumaindasitiri kutsvakurudza emakore achangopfuura, zvikuru pedyo, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mugove inokosha tsvakurudzo mudzimba mumayunivhesiti nemasangano zvebhizimisi. Muzvigadzirwa nzira zivo merges pamwe zvedzidzo, sezvo yokupedzisira Rinobatanidzwa ne zvakasikwa uye kubudiswa, dzidziso uye kugadzirwa ruzivo, pasina yawakanga kunzvera kana arayira, kana kushandisa yaivapo ruzivo mafomu.

Mumwe sainzi wayo chikuru tsvakurudzo ane rinonyatsooneka kukanganisa maonerwo nzanga dzemazuva ano, kuchinja kunyange dzinokosha pfungwa mafungiro ouzivi. Science nhasi vanofanira kuva nhungamiro munguva yemberi ive kure sezvinobvira. Zvaifungidzirwa Zvechokwadi, haagoni kuva zvakaoma, asi miedzo yakatanga kuva fanira. Mumwe wavo ari hazvo akaziva. Pano chikuru chinhu - kuverenga dzingangoitika nemigumisiro. Yeuka creators ari mabhomba bhomba. Muzvidzidzo zvose zvisingazivikanwi, kwazvo, zvinonakidza kupfuura mberi vanotozvikuvadza chinofamba mberi. Zvakakosha kutsanangura chinangwa zvakanaka.