Skeletal maitiro uye mumapoka makuru mhasuro

Muscular hurongwa zvinoreva chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha utachiona subsystems uhwo muviri anoita kufamba siyana.

Inogona achimiririrwa kutaridza mhasuru fibers vanokwanisa marwadzo. The fibers vari zvabatanidzwa mwanda, izvo zvinoumba tsandanyama chaiwo miviri kana pachavo kupinda zvomukati. Kwetsandanyama kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vamwe miviri: mune dzimwe mhuka zviri 50 muzana muviri uremu, uye mumwe murume - 40 muzana. Muscular hurongwa anomuchinja kwemakemikari simba kupinda kupisa uye zvokuimba simba.

tsandanyama musculature

In vertebrates, tsandanyama musculature rakakamurwa zvinotevera mapoka:

• Somatic, rine yomukati uye achiumba tsandanyama maoko nemakumbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira skeletal tsandanyama.
• Visceral (chikamu viscera). Hazvina kumeso uye cardiac tsandanyama.

The tsandanyama maitiro wemunhu

Skeletal tsandanyama vari striated uye zvemasanga. Vari vasiyana mapfupa uye vari cylindrical ane internet kureba 1-10 cm.

Mumwe tsandanyama faibha - iri undifferentiated cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) yakawanda cores akaronga pamusoro arikunze. Arikunze zvinosanganisira kusiyaniswa striated myofibrils. It runopoteredza arikunze ari läpinäkyvä mumuhara (sarcolemma), iyo ine collagen fibrils. Boka duku fibers akapoteredzwa endomysium; zvikuru tsandanyama yeimwe vari tsapo pamusoro fibers, akaita dzomukatikati peremizy; mumwe tsandanyama takapoteredzwa yokunze peremiziem. Muscle uye connective zvinyama anoramba nomumwe uye interconnected. The yose tsandanyama iri akanyudzwa mukati mumuhara inonzi fascia. Skeletal hurongwa zvinosanganisira tsandanyama, chimwe nechimwe zvakabatana manzwiro uye tsinga uye rakapinda navo.

Tsandanyama kubatsira kuchengeta pakuenzanisa muviri, kuti vaite sangano iri muchadenga uye kufamba zvose muviri zvikamu zvinokosha.

Smooth tsandanyama dziri pamadziro tsinga uye nhengo dzomukati. Kureba ichi mhando tsandanyama ndiyo 0.02-0.2 mm. Ivo kunyimwa striation, chimiro chavo chakafanana chokurukisa. kwakanaka tsandanyama masero vari denderedzwa iri pakati core.

Smooth tsandanyama kubatsira chokufambisa kuti zvirimowo muchanza zvomukati (zvokudya paura, somuenzaniso). Ivo vanobatanidzwa mune mitemo kwokudzvinyirira, kukura uye marwadzo ari mudzidzi, mamwe mapato muviri. For kwakanaka tsandanyama mutoro autonomic tsinga.

Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa kunosanganisira mwoyo tsandanyama, iro rinowanikwa chete mumwoyo pamadziro. Iye akaramba akaderedza hwose, ichipa ropa riyerere kuburikidza midziyo uye vachisimbisa zvinhu munyama zvakakodzera uye nhengo.

Musculo-skeletal hurongwa

Muviri womunhu ine anenge 400 striated tsandanyama, izvo kuderedzwa aidzorwa epfungwa.

Musculo-skeletal hurongwa zvinosanganisira tsandanyama, mapfupa, nemarunda, mapfundo, nemarunda uye shwashwa anoumba vanenge 75% kurema muviri. ino inopa muviri mumwe chimiro, anobvumira kuti kumira uye ufambe. Marangwanda kune mapazi uye nyama anoshumira ari marangwanda, uyewo dzivirira zvinokosha zvomukati kubva kukuvara. Mapfupa kuunganidza zvicherwa akadai phosphorus uye calcium yakawanda. Richienda pfupa anomiririrwa neDare mumwongo pokuita paumbwe masero eropa (masero matsvuku, masero machena, uye maplatelet).

Kana kukuvara uye zvirwere chero chikamu zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa akashatirwa statics uye emuchina yose muviri. Uyezve, anotambura yose zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa, nhengo dzomukati, zvakare, kurega ishande zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, kubudikidza vachigurisira rimwe maoko nemakumbo riri curved nomuzongoza, izvo zvinokonzera deformation pechipfuva, Somugumisiro - vanotambura kweropa nhengo uye kufema.