Mharidzo mashoko ari kombiyuta

Wakamboshamisika kweinozivikanwa pakati vanhu vekare, vanhu ano uye makombiyuta? Pasinei misiyano, nhamba uchiripo. Rock mifananidzo zviri chinyakare murume, kurekodha vakararama panguva yedu uye binary romutemo mu makombiyuta - zvose nzira yokukurukura mashoko, kana, kutaura zvazviri, chete vamwe mhuka dzavo. Zvino, kana makombiyuta vava chikamu muupenyu vanhu, mumwe nomumwe, kuti varambe vachifambirana nguva, unofanira kunzwisisa dzinokosha mashoko uye pfungwa.

Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, makombiyuta vakatsiva zvizvarwa dzakawanda: kutanga yaiva zvemaziso achiwedzera muchina, ipapo mwenje womuenzaniso uye, pakupedzisira, kuti semiconductor yemagetsi mhando. Chii kunakidza, kubva kare, kana zvakanga mavambo kadambari, mirayiridzo inokosha Coding pakati Data kumbochinja. Nemamwe mashoko, urongwa mashoko ari kombiyuta akangofanana mune zvokuimba namano. Chokwadi, tiri kutaura pamusoro dzemitemo, kwete nzira Implementation. Munhu wose anoziva kuti mharidzo mashoko ari kombiyuta ane binary hunhu. Izvi akaudzwa pakutanga zvidzidzo kombiyuta nesayenzi kuchikoro. Chii chiri seri rokuti "binary calculus"?

Ngatifungei kuverenga kusvika gumi: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... 10. Munyaya dzino digits gumi, pamwechete pacharo "10" - vasipo, nokuti ine mbiri nyore "1" uye "0". Kuzviisa pasi mashoko kune imwe kombiyuta. Inoshandisa chete digits maviri okutanga, uye kwete mufananidzo wavo, uye dzemagetsi ukapisa murwi: yacho transistor, ichi "zvidhinha" hwemazuva zvemagetsi nematunhu, anogona kuva nzvimbo mbiri - yakavharwa uye akazaruka. Kana zvokudya panguva yayo chekawo-kure voltage (zvinoyerera, inonzwisisika Unit), ipapo chinhu inoitisa asina kuitika, uye vakutarisire. Zvechokwadi, muna tsika, urongwa mashoko ari kombiyuta iri rakatangwa pamusoro yakagozha zvenhengo "1" rinogona kureva zvose kuvapo uye kusavapo chiratidzo. Ekupedzisira kwete chete anodzora mamiriro rimwe chete transistor uye zvinowanisa imwe pfungwa kushanda "UYE - OR".

Musoro "0" uye "1" vanonzi matomu (binary digit - binary digit, nhamba). Boka masere (kwete gumi!) Bits chinhu byte. Kusanganisa urongwa hwavo vanogona encode chero hunhu. Somugumisiro, byte - zviduku chairema mashoko. Zvadaro, kuchinja magariro bytes zvinogona encoded (kumiririrwa mu digitaalinen chimiro) chero ruzivo. yeEncoding kwakadaro anoitwa yoga Mhiko ekombiyuta. Somuenzaniso, apo tichiti "musi Skype" kuburikidza maikorofoni, imwe analoginen yemagetsi chiratidzo (wave) iri kutendeukira kutinhira kadhi musoro Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta rukova izvo akapfuura purogiramu panobva, sezvamakaropafadzwa Ivan Kuchin tishandurwe - sefungu rwunotumirwa inzwi kunobva. Saizvozvowo, nokutsikirira chipi chinokosha pamusoro keypad, inodzidzisa anoudza purogiramu kutsvakwa binary code, asi nokuda zvivanakire zvinodiwa chimiro ikaonekwa chidzitiro.

Nzira aendesa mashoko ari kombiyuta, Sezvambotaurwa, anobvumira kuti encode zvose. Somuenzaniso, nokuti digitizing mifananidzo aishandisa zvinotevera mhinduro: kubva chero mufananidzo inogona achimiririrwa yakatarwa pfungwa, chimwe nechimwe kunoratidzwa ne Coordonatele mundege, kupenya, ruvara, zvakakwana kutsausa mashoko ose aya ari kombiyuta zvinonzwisisika kutevedzana kwezviitiko vaya uye zeros. Next kuona kopi email pamusoro chinovhara tarisisa chirongwa anotumira kuti goho mudziyo mashoko nerimwe pfungwa, uye maererano nomufananidzo wake inovakwa.

The mukana wacho binary gadziriro yose kukarukureta kune mumwe wayo nyore uye zvivanakire "dzokubatanidza" basa zvigadzirwa kiyi. Zvinonzi pamwe ichi chaiva chikonzero chikuru kushandiswa kwayo vemazuva makombiyuta.