Luminosity nyeredzi. luminosity makirasi nyeredzi

Zvechadenga kwemiviri yokudenga kunogona kuvhiringidza kwazvo. nyeredzi chete vane sokuti nemhedziso nokukura, luminosity nezvimwe parameters. With ekupedzisira tichaedza kunzwisisa. Chii luminosity kwenyeredzi? Ine chokuita maonero avo mudenga usiku? Chii luminosity of Sun?

Nature nyeredzi

Stars - wandisa chaizvo miviri ine yokudenga kuti emit chiedza. Vari aumba kubva magasi uye guruva kunokonzerwa rinokweva compression. Inside nyeredzi iri rizere chinoumba, apo zvenyukireya siyana kutora nzvimbo. Ivo pave sokupenya nyeredzi. The chikuru zvechadenga chiedza chakarondedzera vari saizi, Gloss, luminosity, dzomunyika mamiriro. Vose parameters izvi kuvimba mukanyiwa ari nyeredzi dzaro dzakananga makemikari anoumba.

Mukuru "Mugadziri" kwemiviri aya nehelium uye rehydrogen. The maduku uwandu hama kwavari anogona yaiva kabhoni, okisijeni uye nesimbi (manganese, nesilicon, simbi). Huwandu chikuru hydrogen nehelium mune nyeredzi muduku, pamwe nguva zvikuru avo akaderedzwa, kupa nzira dzimwe zvinhu.

Nyeredzi yomukati munharaunda zvinhu kwazvo "inopisa". The tembiricha mavari dzakasvikira mamiriyoni akawanda madhigirii Kelvin. Pane kuramba siyana umo rehydrogen iri dzikwanise nehelium. Pamusoro pemvura, tembiricha dererei zvikuru uye kunosvika kumusoro chete zviuru zvakawanda madhigirii Kelvin.

Chii luminosity kwenyeredzi?

Yenyukireya kuita mukati nyeredzi aine akabuda simba. Luminosity anonzi panyama kwazvo inoratidza sei simba zvikuru inobereka iri yokudenga muviri pamusoro nguva.

Chinowanzoonekwa kuvhiringidzwa nezvimwe parameters, akadai nokupenya nyeredzi dzokudenga usiku. Zvisinei, Nokupenya, kana pachena nokukura - pamusoro tsika risingabviri kuyerwa. It kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti remoteness chechiedza kubva Earth uye rinorondedzera chete sei zvakanaka nyeredzi kuoneka mudenga. The duku uwandu kukosha ichi, chikuru chacho pachena nechiedza.

Kusiyana kwairi, kuti luminosity nyeredzi - ichi chinhu chinangwa parameter. It hakubvi kupi mucherechedzi. It nyeredzi anozivikanwa zvaraireva simba pakukwanisa kwayo. Zvingaita dzinosiyana siyana nguva yacho zvomuchadenga muviri shanduka.

Pedyo luminosity, asi kwete kufanana, ndiyo Mhedziso zvikuru. Rinoreva nokupenya chiedza chiri kuonekwa kuti Muoni nechokure 10 parsecs, kana 32,62 chiedza makore. Kazhinji rinoshandiswa ngaaverenge luminosity nyeredzi.

Kutsunga luminosity

Huwandu simba iro anosunungura yokudenga muviri akatsunga watts or (W), joules por wechipiri (J / s) kana mune ergs mumwe wechipiri (Erg s /). Pane nzira dzakawanda kuwana achida kuita.

Zvinonzi nyore dzaona kubva nzira L = 0,4 (Ma -M), kana kuziva mhedziso kukosha nyeredzi. Nokudaro, Latin tsamba L akasarudzwa luminosity, tsamba M - ndiyo Mhedziso nokukura, uye Ma - kukosha nemhedziso zuva (4.83 Ma).

Imwe nzira kunosanganisira Anonyatsoziva ezvokuvhenekesa. Kana tichiziva kuti nharaunda (R) uye tembiricha (T _gododd ) Kwayo Nechepamusoro, luminosity inogona pakutsvaga nzira L = 4pR ² St ⁴ _ef. Latin S iri nyaya kunoreva yakatsiga chaiko kwazvo - Stefan-Boltzmann rusingaperi.

The luminosity kwezuva iri 3,839 X October ²⁶ watts or. Nokuti zviri nyore uye zvakajeka, masayendisiti kazhinji enzanisa mashoko luminosity rokunze muviri pamwe ukoshi ichi. Saka, pane zvinhu zviuru kana kuti mamiriyoni simba kana vakasimba nguva kupfuura zuva.

luminosity makirasi nyeredzi

Enzanisa pakati nyeredzi, astrophysicists vanoshandisa classifications siyana. Vari akakamurwa pamusoro spectra, kukura, tembiricha, etc. Asi kupfuura zvose, nokuti mufananidzo zvizere nemashandisiro vakawanda unhu.

Pane nechepakati Harvard kupatsanura inobva spectra, iyo inongorira chiedza. Inoshandisa tsamba, mumwe unoenderana yakananga achine ruvara (zvitema-O, B - chena uye zvitema, A - White, etc.).

Nenyeredzi chakarondedzera vangava zvakasiyana luminosity. Naizvozvo, Yerkes masayendisiti zvakagadzira kupatsanura kuti inorangarira parameter ichi. Yaizomupawo luminosity kwavo kwaibva Mhedziso tsika. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe mhando nyeredzi ndiye chete kwete chete kuwanda tsamba, nhamba, anokonzera luminosity. Saka, kusunungurwa:

• hypergiants (0);
• chakajeka supergiants (Ia +);
• inopenya supergiants (Ia);
• zvinoitika supergiants (Ib);
• inopenya Zirume (II);
• zvinoitika Hofori (III);
• subgiants (IV);
• dwarfs chikuru kutevedzana (V);
• subdwarfs (VI);
• dwarfs chena (VII);

The luminosity kukuru, kukosha mhedziso tsika ezasi. Pana rwehofori uye supergiants, zviri inoratidzwa ane kubvisa chiratidzo.

The ukama pakati paMhedziso kukosha, tembiricha siyana, kuti luminosity nyeredzi anoratidza Hertzsprung - Russell. Rakazoshandiswa shure muna 1910. Chati chinobatanidza Harvard uye Yerkes kupatsanura, uye anobvumira kuti kuongorora uye patsanura chiedza kupfuura holistically.

The musiyano luminance

Stars parameters zvikuru correlated pamwe nemumwe. Pamusoro luminosity kwenyeredzi sei tembiricha wayo vakawanda. Uye vari zvikuru novimba makemikari anoumba nyeredzi. Star guru rinova chikuru, duku anorema zvinhu (zvairema kupfuura hydrogen nehelium).

Vane guru kwazvo guru uye refu hypergiants supergiants. Ndivo kupfuura simba uye chakajeka enyeredzi, asi panguva imwe chete, uye mashoma. Dwarfs Kusiyana neizvi, vane vakawanda diki uye luminosity, asi pamusana anenge 90% nyeredzi dzose.

Unonyanya rakakura nyeredzi, iyo inozivikanwa nhasi, ndiyo yebhuruu hypergiants R136a1. luminosity Its mukuru zuva mamiriyoni 8.7 nguva. Shanduka nyeredzi renyeredzi Cygnus (the Swan P) akapfuudza luminosity kwezuva 630 000 nguva, uye S Doradus kwazvo parameter iri 500 000 nguva. Mumwe duku kuvazivisa nyeredzi 2MASS J0523-1403 ane luminosity kwezuva 0,00126.