Yehondo "Empress Maria". Pokufa yehondo "Empress Maria"

Nhoroondo wengarava masimba munyika izere zvakavanzika. kunzwisisa muchina akadaro akafanana warship, azere midziyo, zvombo uye motokari, kukurukurwa kukodzera kuti zvinogona kutungamirira kurasikirwa ngarava. Asi ichi vachiri haitsananguri zvose. Njodzi kakawanda saka kupera uye chikero kuti kuudza zvose zvaro ezvinhu, hakuna. Ngwanda ane murwi yakakoswa simbi, kazhinji akarara pasi, saka kuferefeta uye kujekeswa zvikonzero zvakaoma zvikuru. Saka ne "fuso" Japanese ngarava, "Congo," "Mutsu", "Kusakabe", American dreadnoughts "Arizona", rokuItari ngarawa "Roma" Soviet "Vanya", Chirungu "Barham" uye "Washington". Mugore yepashure pehondo martyrology akawedzera "Novorossiysk". Pokufa yehondo "Empress Maria" muna October 1916, zvingangodaro zvakabatanidzwa zvakaoma kutsanangura nhoroondo chokwadi.

Series yakanakisisa battleships

Kusiyana nevakawanda, kwakabva iyo rinotsanagurwa chaicho kusvika of Soviet Party vatungamiri epamba pre-echimurenga nhoroondo, yokuRussia Empire haana neshure nyika. Kuzarurwa masayendisiti edu nokusingaperi chefuma nyika nesayenzi. Russian nemagetsi mainjiniya zvave nyika yokutanga-danho matatu simba wedzerai hurongwa, akazogadzira induction injini uye Wireless kubatana. kubudirira zvose izvi dzave kushandiswa magadzirirwe ngarava mutsva Imperial Navy, yakatanga kufamba mu kugadzirwa muna 1911. Paiva vatatu: yehondo "Empress Maria" akava wokutanga navo. "Empress Ekaterina Velikaya" uye "The Emperor Alexander III" zvavo vakadzokorora mazano ake, kunyange, sezvo zvinowanzoitwa, kufungisisa akavaka kuitika panguva kugadzira muitiro pfungwa itsva. Muchirimo 1914 musoro chikwata yave kwakatangwa. Zvino panguva imwe yakakodzera nguva. Hondo Yenyika II, iyo yakatanga raiita kamwe kwepfuti akatinhirawo kuSarajevo, sezvo vanoshamiswa chaizvoizvo akanga asiri. Battleships kutaipa "Empress Maria" substantially dzichienderana pakuenzanisa simba pamusoro yekuita mugungwa yemitambo remapazi zvechiuto. Russian Zvikepe Tsushima vakaporeswa maronda.

Porphyry zita

Series ngarava vakagamuchira mazita youmambo Vanhu yeRussian State. Sezvineiwo, chete yehondo "Empress Maria" Black Sea Fleet rave zita kuremekedza mupenyu, Welcome panguva Alexander III wechirikadzi, Nee Danish Princess Louise Sophia Frederika Dagmar, rava chaiyo Russian Patriot, nenzira, pasinei ake okune dzimwe nyika mavambo. Zvisinei, ichi kwakatoitika, zvakakwana kuyeuka Catherine Guru, ane zita akasimuka imwe yehondo zvakafanana mhando. Pasina mubvunzo, mukadzi uyu anofanira rukudzo urwu, kunze, akanga ari mai Nicholas II. basa rayo munhau Russian mukuru, uye akatsiga, mutsa uye kururama upenyu vakabudirira vaikwikwidzana norunako kwokunze.

Maria Feodorovna njodzi Zvinosiririsa, iye akafa pamusha wake muDenmark (1928), panguva imwe chete ari nhapwa uye chinotaura kwaari mugove Russian, aiva mukana kudya chingwa inorwadza mutorwa munyika, "akasasiya crusts." Uye asati paakarasikirwa wake waaida uye pedyo vanhu: vanakomana vaviri, mwanasikana, vaiti mana uye muzukurukomana.

Zvakakurukurwa muchikepe

Yehondo "Empress Maria" waiva chikepe muzvinhu zvose zvinoshamisa. It yaikurumidza kutanga nokukurumidza anenge 24 change (40 km / h) vachizvitakudza maviri nezviviri. T marasha uye matani 600 emafuta mafuta ane kuzvionera mumazuva masere, chikwata kwaisanganisira 1260 vezvikepe uye vatariri. Power chirimwa - turbine mhando, hwakanga michina maviri kusvika 10 000 litres. a.

Battleships - rinokosha mhando wengarava zvokushandisa, vane yakakwirira azvipire atirari zvombo. turrets mana vakapakata matatu 12-padiki pfuti (akaita yakakurumbira Obukhov fekitari) neimwe. Kuwedzera huru bhatiri, yakanga kukurukurwa uye ebetsero, mu uwandu 32 zvidimbu. pfuti idzi anoreva zvakasiyana, pakati pavo vakanga Anti ndege, izvo zvinoratidza mano mainjiniya Russian vanofunga sezvazviri uye kufunga kukura kutyisidzira ane mhepo kurwiswa. Paiva neimwe magadzirirwo chinhu chinosiyanisa yehondo "Empress Maria". Vanodhirowa superstructures dzakaitwa azvidavirire chero kuwedzera nemauto romoto, saka simba volley duku novimba pakona ari kubaya hama kuti unodiwa.

Outputs Avangard sepombi iri pazasi kuti waterline, yaiva echimurenga budiriro panguva. Tinea muviri dzokurwa rukoko Ukobvu 250 neMM, uye akadzivirirwa uriri. Special mashoko akakodzera uye zvemagetsi romugove gadziriro muchikepe. Yehondo "Empress Maria" ichitipa simba Dynamos nhanhatu (nhasi dzinonzi emagetsi). All rinorema michini kutenderera electric motor, kunyanya nomumwe atirari shongwe vaiva 22 zvidimbu.

chikepe rakadaro aite kurwisa mishoni, kunyange munguva yedu.

How akarwa yehondo

In kuwa 1915, kusimba hondo gungwa muGungwa Black kwakanyanyisa. Turkey, mutsigiri Austria-Hungary, akaratidza remunharaunda basa, kwete zvishoma rinopikisa vaingoita German yepasi pemvura rengarava. Achipindura, yeGungwa Dema Fleet pasi atirari bombardment pamusoro zvengarava kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo hweOttoman - Eregli, Kilimli, Zunguldak nembudzi. On the flagship yehondo, "Mary", akakwanisa Naval Operations Admiral Kolchak. Nokuda chikwata sezvo vakawanda ngarava muvengi yakanyura. ngarawa German "Breslau" kuzonunura racho Turkish zvikepe February, vaisagona kuita basa uye haawanzotauri akaputsa kubva Russian yehondo, vakagamuchira makuvaro akawanda. Nokuti yose 1916, mumwe raider German, "Gabin", vatatu chete akatsunga kuenda Sea Black bheseni pakati Bosphorus Strait, asi kwete kwenguva refu uye remuSamoa. Kubva okupedzisira rwendo wake wakatanga apo panopinda Sevastopol yehondo "Empress Maria" vakadzokera 6 October 1916.

Vakaitirwa uye vakapona

Kusiyana nevamwe vazhinji mugungwa dzoga, akakwanisa kurarama munyika zhinji chikwata. vashandi nhengo 1260 akafa pakarepo maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana 152 kusvika 216 vanhu. Kuwanda vakuvara uye akapisa ranged kubva vanhu zana kusvika 232. Pasinei zvinopa kukurumidza kurapwa, akafa kuchipatara kunyange chimwe namakumi mashanu vengarava. Saka, kurasikirwa yehondo "Empress Maria" aita rufu vanhu mazana matatu namakumi mashanu (kunonyanyisa mamakisi), rinomiririra vanenge 28% of chikwata yose. Vakaitirwa aigona zvikuru, asi, sezvinei, anenge ose vafambisi vengarava, vakanga vasina kutakura Watchkeeping, muchirongwa munyengetero basa kunoitika pazuva aft achipfeka. Sezvo vanoti, Mwari kunze.

hwitinesi

Izvozvo zvakaitika nezuva yehondo iri mangwanani October 7 vapona akaudza vashandi. Mupfungwa, chapupu anogona kunzi Sevastopol zvose, vanopeputswa nokutsiurwa zvinotyisa kuputsika. Vanhu netsaona akaona mufananidzo yose dambudziko kubva kumhenderekedzo nezvimwe zvikepe Black Sea Fleet, vanoti kuti kuputika kwokutanga akaridza kure nzvimbo foremast, pamberi nyere uye conning neshongwe. Asi chikuru chikonzero kurwira upenyu hwakanga maturo, kwaiva kuparadzwa muviri, richiratidzwa pakuputsa bhodhi kuti pazasi waterline, uye ipapo mvura gungwa ikatanga kupinda nezvikamu. The moto, Zvichakadai, akaramba. Mumaminitsi, ngarava yacho yakasvika mutungamiri Black Sea Fleet , Admiral Kolchak, kuti atarisire kununura kushandiswa, vemoto yakasvika, mumagwa uye norudo, asi zvakanga zvisingaiti kuita chinhu. Pasati kweawa pashure detonated zvombo ari yakavanda mhino turret, akanzwika Kuputika anoverengeka, chigadzirwe akapiwa kunaka buoyancy, capsizing harikunguruswi pamusoro uye rikanyura.

Damage kuzvidzora

Vafambisi vengarava rose njodzi vachiita pasi Charter uye kuzadzikisa mabasa sezvo arayirwa staffing. 7:20 of casemate wechina vezvikepe vakanga pabasa akaona chinoshamisa shinyira zvinobva seri partition repasi pedyo nasal shongwe. Vakabva vavaudza foromani wako kuitika, nguva kumonera moto hoses uye mvura iri akapa. Zvakatora maminitsi maviri chete. Pashure vachinje tarisa vanhu panguva ino kushamba asati zororo, vose akapisa Mugehena kwebhosvo. Power PAKAPERA hwakavhiringidzwa, magetsi vakabuda. Kuputika vakaramba (paine yakazununguka 25), detonated anoshongwa 130 mm caliber. Zvichakadai, varayirwa munhu mukuru zvokuimba injiniya Ensign Ignatiev akaedza kutanga moto pombi. Haana vabudirire, akashinga mutyairi akaurayiwa. The kuedza chokusatongofashamidzazve wedzimba rechipiri uta shongwe kuumba munhu mvura chipingamupinyi akanga kubudirira, hazvina kunaka nguva yakakwana. Nekuona kuti havasi vose vapone, mabhosi akapa murayiro kusiya vezvikepe, nepo ivo pachavo vari kufa, kuedza kuita basa rake. Pashure vachisimudza muchikepe akawanikwa uye interred dzasara magamba ...

Version kumusha: tsaona

Vanhu vanowanzoda tarisa zvingangokubatsira kuziva akapoteredza asingatsananguriki. The tsarukano, zvikuru zvakaoma uye nokuvhiringidza vari kazhinji kurapwa. Saka, zviri pamutemo shanduro Commission of Inquiry kuti kuputika pamusoro flagship of Black Sea Fleet kwakaitika pamusoro nhandare anozvipira kuvesa pakati vapor ose zvinokosha upfu, vakawanda kwakaita mwoyo. Zvisinei, kazhinji, zvakanga. Anoshongwa refu nguva pamwe chivharo iri mudende, kunyanya kana yehondo akanga vachivhimei "Gabin" uye izvi zvinogona pave nekukurukurirana detonation. Asi pane imwe shanduro, maererano izvo zvaishamisa afa yehondo "Empress Maria" haana kuitika netsaona.

vasori German

Vachida "sabhoteji" pfungwa vanotiwo zvimwe ezvinhu. On chikepe rwaiitwa kugadziridza, kuwana kudzora simba, uye kuti zvaizova kumisa nomurindi kunosora mikrovzryvatel yakavanda, zvakafanana chii rakawanikwa Italian Dreadnought "Leonardo da Vinci" Muzhizha 1915? Uyezve, madhoo vazhinji havana akakiyiwa. Chimwe chokwadi rinoti pakutanga kuaona kusora sabhoteji: muna 1933 by NKVD akanga neutralized kugara uchenjeri German vanotungamirirwa nomumwe Werman. Maererano musungwa, akanga basa pamberi chimurenga. Uye kufarira nebudiriro Russian vemauto zvemagetsi, kusanganisira zvirongwa "Empress Maria". Nezvemabasa ichi kana kuchengeteka vakuru havana kupiwa. Aiva Wehrmann musori, handizivi kana vanhu vari vagamuchirwe chinhu.

The chikepe richivezwa kuti chinyorwa muna 1926. Pakanga chete kuyeuka chii chaiva yehondo "Empress Maria". Model zviri miziyamu Nakhimov wengarava mukuru ari munyika - iri Smolensk mudunhu. Mumwe nounyanzvi akaurayiwa marongerwo - pamwero - decorates dzokupisa Nikolaev Museum of Shipbuilding uye Fleet nhoroondo.