Madzimambo yeEgipita list, nhoroondo, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye zvinhu

The Nhaka zvikuru akura yekare budiriro, dzakatangira Valley murwizi, haritengeswi kuzvibereko. World-akakurumbira munhoroondo nzvimbo kuchengeta zvakavanzika zhinji uye zvakavanzika kuvakwa vaRafa mapiramidhi remuSamoa kunetseka masayendisiti munyika yose. Ancient Egypt hakuna kukurumidza kugoverana zvakavanzika, asi tinogona kuudza chaiyo zvinhu reMadzimambo ushe.

Zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro vanafarao

zviuru inoverengeka ehurumende inotongwa vanafarao - mumiririri waMwari panyika, kuti, vakatenda kuti masimba emashiripiti. Ivo inodzora mabhora ose oupenyu vaEgipita, uye vaprista vaiona pachavo varanda vavo, kunyange zvazvo vamwe madzimambo vanova puppets mumaoko avo.

Residents vaidavira kuti mutongi anoenderana kunobuda zuva uye kuibvisa yacho chirimwa. Uye kana nyaya iri rinotyisa denda pakati nemhuka, hondo unotanga, raireva kusafara vamwari sezvo mutevedzeri wake.

Madzimambo weIjipiti vaisabvumirwa kusanganisa ropa ravo pamwe munhu, saka vakaroorana hanzvadzi dzavo kutanga, uye chete ipapo kuroora pamwe zvavo vakadzi. Asi chigaro yakanga nhaka hama chete akaberekwa mwana.

Women, umo ropa raMwari yakafukidza, vane simba, uye kunyange rakatonga Egipita kusvikira vana vavo havana asvika kukura.

Ndiani aiva muvambi youmambo vanafarao rokutanga?

Masayendisiti haazivi chaizvo apo muEgipita mamiriro akazvarwa, asi pashure zvidzidzo vakawana kuti anenge zviuru zvitatu akapfuura, nechekare waivapo.

Muvambi wokutanga hwedzinza Mambo Min. Akavaka nenhare, iyo akazova guru uye youmambo dzokugara. Memphis Farao yeUnited yeEgipita, uye unhu hwake zvakawanda gakava pakati pemasayendisiti. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti Min - a pakunzi navatatu vokutanga Farao Predynastic nguva uye nokupokana chokuita nokusava zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa.

mangwanani umambo

Mangwana ichikosha, pamusoro anozivikanwa zvikuru - mangwanani dynastic kumwedzi. Madzimambo yeIjipiti vekutanga nevechipiri Dynasties (reHori Hekani, Hasehem) nokuramba wakaomerera panzira woutsinye kupandukira zvose, ndokubatana nyika kuva centralized mamiriro.

Munguva iyi inotanga kugadzirwa nenhokwe uye zvakanyorwa zvikuru unochinja tsika vamwe epochs. Egypt iri kuva nyika ine zvikuru dzakabudirira kurima.

umambo yekare

Ushe yekare kunoratidzwa kugara hondo. Madzimambo yeIjipiti rechitatu - worusere chigaro (Sneferu, Djoser) vakakunda nyika kuchamhembe Nubia uye vakabvuta mumigodhi yemhangura muna Sinai Peninsula.

VanaFarao vane simba guru, uye hurumende iri rinochinjwa kuva centralized despotism.

Panguva behest ramambo Zoser anotanga kuvaka makuva ari Giza.

Paitonga Rechishanu youmambo Farao simba inotanga kusimba, apo Egipita rakakamurwa administrative dzakabatana - noma.

The Middle umambo

Board nemiviri hwedzinza chikawira pamusoro Middle Kingdom. Panguva ino, tiri kurwa nawo madzinza, akavaka kuzvidzivirira nenhare.

Kings (cops) Ancient Egypt - Amenemhet I, Senusret III - kusimba airemekedzwa nevanhu. Panguva iyi zvokushandisa akavandudzika uye pane zvokushandisa dzendarira. It akapiwa simba zvakasimbisa kukura zvokurima kuburikidza kusikwa ane kudiridza hurongwa.

umambo itsva

In Kingdom New, apo rakatonga XVIII-XX youmambo (Thutmoses I, Hapshetsut, Amenhetep IV, Neko II), Egypt kuva simba mamiriro. Rapid kukura kwoupfumi kwakakonzerwa mutsika vasungwa kushanda, nendarama zvakabiwa uye zvipfuwo.

Panguva iyi zviri zvinowanzoshandiswa zvishandiso simbi, kukudziridza maberekero uye kugadzirwa regirazi. Unyanzvi pakuomesa zvitunha wevakafa kunosvika vakakwana.

Pakutanga XI remakore BC akaumba umambo maviri, Lower Egipita, iyo rakakamurwa yoga munzvimbo uye rokumusoro, neguta rayo guru muna Thebes. Nubian vatongi vane ropa hondo, achitarisira kubvuta nyika.

Iye akasunungura hurumende nechisimba muvambi imba youmambo saisskoy Psammetichus I.

Dzisashande nevaPezhiya uye kuguma rekutonga madzimambo veIjipiti

Kutonga Persian zvinosanganisira yakananga kumwedzi. mambo Alien Cambyses akazivisa Farao dzinza XXVII.

Uye muna 332 BC, pane kukunda weIjipiti A. Great, uyo akasunungura nyika kubva nevaPezhiya. Nguva echiGiriki, uye ushe vanaFarao aenda zvachose.

Vanafarao Ancient Egypt: tafura

The kudanana chaiyo rokutonga madzimambo achiri nyaya gakava pakati nenyanzvi. Ngatitorei sepokutangira patafura tsika kwakavakirwa Muronga mumatongo muzvinafundo P. Nicholson uye Ph.D. J. Shaw, uye inosanganisira vatongi inokosha.

Kunamatwa vakafa

Achitaura madzimambo veIjipiti, tisingatauri ukama hunokosha kurufu avaEgipita, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke dzeboka vakafa. Residents vaitenda kuti mweya haufi, enda kune inotevera nyika. Zvaidavirwa kuti kuruoko muviri okuchengetera unogona kudzoka, saka kwevafi kapoka kwaibva kuomesa zvitunha uye pakuomesa zvitunha emunhu akafa.

Special unyanzvi munzvimbo iyi vaiva vapristi vakanga vakadzidza kuchengeta mutumbi vanaFarao isingaori.

Zvaidavirwa kuti madzimambo yeIjipiti uye pashure porufu rwake akatonga noupenyu munyikadzimu, saka nedzetsika dzinokosha chaizvo. Farao panguva upenyu repfungwa pamusoro musha usingaperi, uye pamusoro Giza Plateau mapiramidhi dzakavakwa, inova nzvimbo aizovigwa vabati vamwari.

nzvimbo tsvene

The inozivikanwa Valley reMadzimambo muIjipiti, rakamiswa pakatarisana neguta Thebes (Luxor) - iri rakasiyana nzvimbo, apo vanafarao vakavigwa. Kusvikira zvino, chinokwezva vatsvakurudzi munhoroondo ekare. Makore makumi matatu nemanomwe akapfuura zvakanzi vakaziva UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Sacred Valley of nokungwarira kurindwa kudzivisa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera makuva, asi kwakaderera simba vanaFarao ikoko makororo uye vafambi vanoita irreparable kukuvadza sarcophagi.

rwendo Napoleon, iyo akasvika aine chinangwa kukunda yeEgipita, aiva muboka rokutanga, iro vakasvika kumakuva makadhi. Zvichitevera bhuku remabasa wakayeriswa Fivskim makuva vanotanga yesayenzi rwendo anozivikanwa vanochera matongo zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha.

Kuvhiringidzika pamwe kumakuva

Chokutanga akavigwa mupata Kings vakava Thutmose I, uye huru dambudziko iri kuti hapana anoziva guva mhando raiva upokoit. kuvhiringidzika uku iripo nedzimwe makuva, kunyange Egyptologists vanodavira kuti madzimambo ose muIjipita akanga ane private kuvigwa makamuri, akavaka kunyanya kwavari.

Muna 1827 imwe yakakurumbira musayendisiti D. G. Vilkinson Nokufarisisa zvesayenzi chimurenga tichisunga makuva rinosvika kutanga KV inomunyaradza. Service mugodhi basa tsamba chete Latin. Somuenzaniso, yakakurumbira guva Tutankhamun basa nhamba 62 KV.

Vatsvakurudzi kuzivikanwa makuva 64, yokupedzisira achiri kunzwisisa zvishoma.

Kutya zvaibiwa kwakaenderera makuva

Kutozosvikira XV remakore BC, vanaFarao vakavigwa chaiyo mhemberero iri mapiramidhi akavaka panguva yohupenyu hwavo. Vatongi aidzora basa uye zvichengetedze kwete chete pamusoro nzvimbo kuvigwa, asi zvemumba kuti achava navo munyika wemariro, nekuti kunyange muumambo Osiris, mwari magavhuna vanofanira kurarama sezvinongoita. Saka zvanzi kare.

Madzimambo weEgipita vakavigwa sarcophagi, bejeweled. The Shrine ari mapiramidhi pamusoro Giza rwenze vakapamba uye desecrated Amai perezahoranivalis kana zvechitendero. Abuse kutya Thutmose Ndakachinja kuti hwakagadzwa tsika. Akarayira akamuviga yatisingaonekwi uye munzvimbo yakavanda, razova yakadzika mumupata.

Masking remakororo

makuva vose vaivapo vakanga racherwa padombo, napo vakanga yakazonyorwa samabwe, uye munzira akaronga zviteyeso siyana kuti makororo. tsime kwakadaro achidzivisa peguva, izvo akazorora Farao - King Egypt.

Masayendisiti akawana kuti Guta Vakafa muna Thebes haana kutiza kusuruvara hwakafanorongwa, uye PAGUVA paMupata akatanga chinopambwa yaitonga XX-XXI imba Farao. Senior machinda weIjipiti vakatengesa goridhe kwezvishongo kubva kumakuva, izvo vakapfuura makuva vavaki vasina kugamuchira mari nokuda basa.

Nhasi, Valley reMadzimambo iri rakasiyana nzvimbo, achipupura kune vekare nhoroondo yeIjipiti. Inowanikwa inokosha matongo nzvimbo anojekesa zviitiko dzakabudirira budiriro, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti zvizvarwa.