Yaibatsira pane masaja? Nhoroondo masaja. Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura kukwiza muviri Russia zvishoma

Vanhu aiziva zvakawanda pamusoro masaja kubvira panguva yakare. Madzibaba edu anongozvarwa akakanya, akazora dzine vanorwara muviri. Zvadaro, vakaona kuti zvakafanana zviito kubatsira kuderedza kuneta, uye kunyange kwapera kuchenesa uye kunyevenutsa ganda masaja akatanga kushandiswa. Nhoroondo masaja chichiratidzwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira Bhaibheri, iro rinotaura ngaakuyire kwacho uye tsvedzesa muviri anonhuhwirira.

Munyaya ino tichashandisa kuedza kuziva chikuru varipo nhoroondo pokumuka kukwizwa, kubvira kare uye kupedza remakore ano. Simbisai anokosha anotevedzana zvokuti kufurirwa inotungamirwa kwayo, uye uzive zviri zvazviri masaja.

Nhoroondo "Kukwiza" ndiko kuti shoko iine midzi muEurope uye Asia. The Arabic okuti "vakawanda" rinoreva "kubata" uye "zvinyoronyoro achizviendesa", yeFrance "massezh" - vachidzipukuta, uye muchiGiriki kududzirwa kweshoko - "nepavaigona maoko."

The makarekare

Vanodhirowa akaita pamusoro porusvingo rwematombo, ndivo kare zvinoratidza nezvokuvapo uye kushandiswa masaja. Ndivo chikuru vatambi unoratidza vanhu, akazodza mumwe. At nzvimbo kungoda miriwo dzawanikwa, mafuta nezvizoro kuti anoshandiswa kwete chete nokuda ronda yokuporeswa, asi vo kupfavisa ganda.

Kare chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC, varapi kumabvazuva vakashandisa unyanzvi kuti kurapwa kwezvirwere uye kuvandudza evanhu, sezvinoratidzwa Chinese manyoro yakawanda, akadzama unoratidza masaja.

Nhoroondo masaja, uye yakanga unyanzvi hwake ine midzi muna China. nzira iyi yakatanga nokuda Chinese navanachiremba vekare kuwana terrific kuporesa maturo kana achingomutambudza maoko dzakananga pfungwa muviri. Ivo amudana "Amma."

mabvazuva

Papera chidobi ichi kwaiva kutanga kugadzira nzira itsva simba pamusoro womunhu muviri yatinoshandisa nhasi - the kuziva miedzo chaivo vanoshingaira pfungwa uye jekiseni, izvi zvose akatipa masaja.

History of masaja yambokurukurwa mberi muJapan, uko nzira nani kubva kuzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa, zvokuti zvava chinhu chinokosha mutsika Japanese, achipa pave chimwezve hwokugadzira bazi pasi zita "BSN".

Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti kuita miviri yevanhu nevarwere vazhinji pakugadzira zvinoshingaira pfungwa. Papera chinguva, vanatenzi kumabvazuva yakanatswa masaja unyanzvi, zvakawanda chete nokutsikirira munhu munwe. nzira iyi inonzi "Shiatsu" kana, mune mamwe mazwi, eJapan Chinyorwa mishonga. Massage varapi vane chabudirira kukura shiatsu anogona kuporesa anoverengeka zvirwere zvakaoma uye vatsigire muviri zvakanaka chimiro.

Asia

Massage nhoroondo India chinoratidza kuti maIndia kunge ikashandiswa masaja mitoo pamwe Utsanana dzokuvhiya. Famous bhuku Ayurveda ( "zivo upenyu") kubva yekare Indian varapi, rakanyorwa kumativi 1500 BC, anoti kuti masaja vachitsigira kugeza kwete chete kuderedza kuneta uye kutsigira zvakanaka, asiwo kuchenesa zvachose ganda muchetura.

Chinozikamwa vanochera matongo vakakwanisa kuwana uchapupu kuti vaIjipiti navaPersia vaishandisa masaja unyanzvi uye hazvisi chete pakurapa. zvinangwa, asiwo semudziyo kuti chiso uye rose muviri. Kubudisa siyana kwamafuta uye wemisanganiswa vane kuwedzera yemakwenzi uye nebwe sezvamunoita vaEgipita kutongokwizwa muviri wake kusimbisazve ganda uye maronda kuporesa.

Egyptologists vanoti yakakurumbira runako Cleopatra kazhinji akatora mabhati mukaka, pashure izvo musikana akaita yake masaja, vachidzipukuta ganda zvinokosha anonhuwirira. At kwezana yaitonga kwedu nhoroondo masaja pamwe netsika anotanga kupinda nyika dzokuEurope.

Ancient Greece uye Roma

MuGirisi yekare, chaizvo akagamuchira mararamiro utano, uye paiva kunyange kunamatwa muviri, utsanana uye rucheno, inoramba kuitwa nhasi. VaGiriki haana kuramba muchiita gymnastic muviri ane tichipinda misangano zvinokosha dzokugezera, apo mumwe mutemo unoti nzira ine mafuta muviri kurapwa uye wakatevera masaja.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa masaja haisi akaponesa uye akakurumbira yeOlympic mitambo, izvo saka kwazvo nevaGiriki. vatambi zvose zviri fanira pamberi kutanga makwikwi kuita masaja kusimudza morale uye matauriro, asi pakupedzisira makwikwi nzira wakadzokororwa, kuderedza kuneta uye kurapa kukuvara.

Tungamirirwa nenheyo idzodzowo uye yechisimba, achitambanudza muviri wako masaja zvose usati uye pashure hondo munhandare. Homer yake yakakurumbira nhetembo "The Odyssey" hakusi kamwe kutaurwa pamusoro masaja nzira vakadzi vakanaka kana varume kutongokwizwa muviri, achibva dzeminda.

Muzana remakore rechishanu BC, Hippocrates baba mushonga pakati kutanga kudzidza migumisiro masaja mitoo varwere vanorwara. Pachishandiswa zvakawanika vake tsika, akanyora kuti pejoinhi ezvinhu akaoma anogona ndagadzikana masaja - munyoro uye mwero kukweshera anogona thicken jira uye yakaoma uye kakawanda - kudhonza.

Middle Ages uye Renaissance

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura masaja muMiddle Ages ane mugove maburi. Kubva pakutanga paumbwe hweRoma kusvikira pakupera XIV remakore akaramba zvinyorwa chete pamusoro pokutonga Church, kiyi hondo uye hondo, asi siyana mashura uye kutambudzwa avahedheni. Panyaya dzidzo, dzidzo mumuviri uye unyanzvi, havana vanoremekedzwa zvikuru.

Asi panguva kwezana XV remakore vakatanga Renaissance akapa upenyu hutsva nesainzi, unyanzvi uye, chokwadi, kuva nemararamiro ane utano. Panguva iyoyo masaja rakatanga zvakare kuti kushandiswa kuchirapa uye prophylactic zvinangwa.

chiremba French Ambruaz nokugura, uyo akararama XVI remakore, chave kupararira muEurope kubva kuchirapa masaja. Aiva chiremba muruvazhe anoverengeka madzimambo French. Akayeuka kare zvakawanda rubatsiro masaja kurapwa kupfeka Queen Mary Stuart makumbo nekuti pamwe.

Ambroise akapa kupatsanura pakati masaja, achichipa madhigirii matatu: munyoro, unosvikirwa, nesimba. Nhasi mazita aya vanotarisira zvishoma zvakasiyana, asi musimboti nzira haachinji: vakazorora, anotokonya uye mukuru. vanachiremba vakawanda iyoyo vava magadzirirwo pakati masaja, achitora pamusoro uye kuwedzera pane nokugura unyanzvi, vakazochinja vanobvumirwa zvinosanganisira chikamu vezvokurapa nzira iri postulates.

nzira ano

Ano kukura masaja rinotanga kubva physiologist wokuSweden Henrik Ling, uyo akararama panguva kwezana XVIII-XIX emakore, ane mabasa chakaratidza kutanga mujinga kuchirapa muviri, izvo anozivikanwa pasi rose sezvo "Swedish kufamba kurapwa."

Ling akaita akasuma mazwi matsva achirondedzera nenyanzvi masaja: stroking, vachidzipukuta, donje, tapping achifinyamisa uye vibration. Mazita aya anoshandiswa pakurapa kwemazuva ano, achiwedzera ose mazwi matsva uye tsanangudzo.

kuziva masaja

No zvishoma nomukurumbira Dutch nemumiriri George Metzger yakatanga ake masaja unyanzvi, iyo yakavakirwa kurapwa kubva China, vachibvumira wokugadzirisa mukukuvara uye kurapa zvimwe zvirwere mitambo muviri. Pfungwa yake pamwe kushanda mumunda yakaitwa uye physiology akabvumira kuti tive vakawanda vateveri vakapararira muEurope yose uye ukasvika North America.

Nemhaka vaishingaira chaizvo basa uye mabasa Metzger uye Ling masaja kwave kuchizivikanwa neInternational zvokurapa uye sechinhu nzira inobudirira simba nokuda kurapwa zvirwere zvakawanda. Unyanzvi uye subtleties zviri kushandiswa vanokwizwa kuchirapa zvinangwa akatanga kudzidzisa uchi. pakuchengetedzwa rakamanikana pedenderedzwa unyanzvi.

Nhoroondo kwaita kukwiza muviri Russia

Munyika yekare, kunze tempering Maitiro anoshandiswa uye dzimwe mhando masaja. Idzi dzinosanganisira: effleurage emapuranga chocks, inozikamwa nokuchengetedzwa vachiri vachidzipukuta mutsvairo. Slavs anonzi chidobi "hvoscheniem" ichi, uye zvakajeka muna yaMakoronike nguva.

Russian nhoroondo masaja Modern inorondedzerwa zvishoma nemabasa Zabludovskii Pe uye rwunotanga azivikanwe yakatanga panguva Moscow Institute of Chaiko Education muna 1923, apo munhu yoga dhipatimendi muviri mishonga hwakagadzwa. masaja hwakatanga ipapo akatanga mumitambo tsika uye kuwana kushandiswa mumba.