Chokumisa masero - chii? kushanda kwavo muviri

Pazuva risingakanganwiki zuva kwezhizha 1909, apo Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov rokuti "chokumisa masero" handiregi gakava pamusoro pavo. Masayendisiti pagore zvinoratidza zvakavanzika zvavo, kuti zvinowanisa Puzzles itsva.

masero saka sstvolovye. Chii - a mushonga nokuda kwezvirwere zvose kana mukuru rokukanganisa yakanaka pfungwa musayenzi yezvokurapa? Animal kuedza kuratidza kuti kushandisa chishamiso masero aya anogona kurapa nyanyisa namamota, kuzvimba majoini, chiropa chirwere, mwoyo uye dumbu. List mumaguta muRussia, umo kushandiswa mberi nzira yakadaro, kukasawedzerwa uye Orenburg. Hunde masero pano raishandiswa kurapwa mapfundo. Asi pane masayendisiti vari chaizvo nokungwarira akaratidza nezvekushandiswa hunde masero ari kuitika pamwero zivo migumisiro dzavo muviri uye kudzibayira kubata vaya vasina mumwe mukana kuti aponese upenyu chete.

Chokumisa masero: chii

Nechekare vana vazive kuti chipenyu muviri, kana munhu, mhuka kana chirimwa, zvinoitika pashure kwemapazi vechirume utachiona masero. Somugumisiro, zygote aumbwa. Izvi diploid maumbirwo zvizere yakatarwa okutodza uye kupa pave zvachose chero masero. More nyore zygote - dzakasiyana dzinongoitika chisikwa, umo zvakatooma kutsanangura rurefu kuti sayenzi zvose chikamu mitumbi vapenyu. Zviri pachena kuti zygote nekuti ndizvo kuti aumbe vakawanda masero zvivako vose nhengo zvakakwana. In mhuka, rwunotanga zviparadzanise zuva pashure ayo inotungamirwa. Zvinoguma duku 2 "mwanasikana-zigotki" 100% akafanana dzavo "mai-zygote". Pashure perimwe hafu zuva "mwanasikana" zvakare yakakamurwa nepakati, achiumba kare 4 mapatya - "Muzukuru". Pakazopera chechi5 zuva riri mumasero anenge 30 embryo, chaiyo makopi yepakutanga zygote, ndiyo chete kanoverengeka asingasviki kwayo ukuru. Ndivo vakadanwa blastomeres. Panguva iyi, DNA uye mapuroteni mavari aishingaira synthesized, asi majini asati kusashanda, uye mune nuclei pamusoro transcription haina mabasa, kuti, vachiri saibva. Tinovimba, tiri akatsanangura zvakajeka, hunde masero, chii. Kuwedzeredzwa, unogona kudana navo chete nomuedzo, uye kuti zvichaita kuumbwa zvakasikwa, maoko, makumbo kana mwoyo uye chiropa, hapana anoziva. Hunde masero mumuviri, kwete chete muna kwokutanga nzendo kukura kwavo, asi kana ose nhengo vari kare zvakazara kutora chimiro, kureva, kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu. Vari zvinodiwa zvinyama kugadzira pashure kukuvara, chete vakwegura hunde masero anenge 50 nguva shoma kupfuura muduku. Vose vane ehupfumi miviri - kukwanisa kuzvidzora vandudzai uye kusiyanisa pasina kukwanisa kubudisa masero zvikuru unyanzvi.

Embryo hunde masero, chii

Rakapfupikiswa sezvo dzinonzi ESC. Vari, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri aumba kubva zygote embryo dzinoumba cellular guru pachikuva wokutanga upenyu hwayo. Vose pluripotent, zvichireva vanogona kuva chero sero mumuviri. An chinokosha ESC ndechokuti havasati kubereka maantigen kuti vane basa tishu kugarisana. Mumwe nomumwe wedu ane munhu akagadzirwa maantigen, iyo inotungamirira asiri kuziva nomupi wacho hunde masero ari rokuzvidzivirira munhu vari raitongwa kunaani. Sezvo ESCs dambudziko iri shoma, saka izvozvo zvinganaka kushandisa panguva kuchirapa dzokuvhiya, semuenzaniso, kubata majoini chokumisa masero. Zvisinei, mashoko experimental mbeva immunosuppressed vakanga wakasimwa ESC vakacherechedza zvakafanana nyanyisa anomera. Saka, mhinduro chaiyo, chii chinoitika kune muviri womunhu hurongwa pashure pakatanga zvomukati ayo ESC, asi. Zvakaipira embryo hunde masero rechipiri ndechokuti embryo vakaurayiwa pashure kwavo nokubviswa, saka autologous zvinhu hazvigoni kuwanwa, chete wacho anyatsoronga.

Fetus hunde masero, kana CSF

Zvinhu izvi zvinowanikwa fetus kumativi pashure pamuviri kana mudumbu haasi kwevhiki dzinopfuura 12. Panguva ino nguva yepakutanga hunde masero, kana blastomeres kare akasarudza mugumo wavo ramangwana uye akatanga kusiyana. Kureva, havana kwatopfuura imwe nhamba muzvipoka. Dzavo chinhu chechipiri ndechokuti kubva FGC havagoni kuita chero masero zvinodiwa, uye chinhu chimwe chete, Somuenzaniso, zvinyama nhengo pakati tsinga, kana zvemwoyo kana osteochondral. Izvi zvakavanakira guru, nekuti vanachiremba vane zvakawanda kwawakananga nzira vanogona kushandisa navo uye yekuzvidzivirira zvirwere. It Rinoshandisa nheyo idzi, somuenzaniso, kurapa arthrosis nokuda hunde masero. MuRussia, ichi nzira danho yokuedzwa kunoitika, sezvo FSK vamwe payakaipira. Vakazongofunga kuti masero fetus ringadaro rakatopfava chiropa nemavhairasi, AIDS, Mycoplasma, uye vamwe. Saka, zvinhu zvakadai anofanira kunodiwa dzinodhura dzokuwedzera kuongorora uye kugadzirira anokosha michina. Dambudziko rechipiri pakuishandisa mubvunzo pamutemo kuti vanofanira kugara kusangana pamusoro.

Postnatal hunde masero, kana PUK

Pfungwa yokuti 'postnatal "rinoreva" pashure pokuberekwa ", kureva kuti, kusvikira upenyu wacho. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva ino hapana unhu hunde masero, asi zvakadaro vari, kunyange vakwegura, asi vane pasi potency (zvinogona). Asi vanogona kushandiswa mukuru Kushanda uye kuchengeteka, sezvo CPM vari autologous, kwete vaipa. Kutora ichi sezvikonzero, takatanga kurapwa pamwe hunde masero mune Orenburg uye mamwe makiriniki kuita kurapa kwakadaro. It iri chokwadi kuti murwere ponji hunobviswa mwongo nokuda warwo hunde masero murabhoritari iri chaiyo apparatuses Activate vari yakura kusvika nhamba inodiwa uye anotanga kupinda nehondo dzavo. Ake masero omuviri hunde vanotorayirwa kuti kukuvara nhengo, iyo kutanga pakupora rikurumidze. Zvinetso nzira mbiri:

1. kumbobvira Hazvizivikanwi, masoja emuviri acharamba wadzo hunde masero kana zviratidzo.

2. Hapana munhu anonyatsoziva zviri kuitika pamwe hunde masero zvikaramba kubva zvavo munzvimbo yaakajaira (mwongo), uye sei yochinja panguva kukura murabhoritari.

Nezvikonzero izvi, isu hatina asi kupiwa 100% inopikira masayendisiti vakaperekedza kwakaita varwere chemajoini of CPM transplantation muguta akafanana Orenburg. Hunde masero, mu pfungwa dzavo, ndizvo tarenda budiriro iri mushonga, asi kunyange havanzwisisi zvakakwana kudzidza.

Types masero postnatal

Takawana kuti ESCs vose pasi nokudenga, kureva, aigona kuva chinhu. FGC vari chaizvo asi vanogona kushandiswa kusika siyana nhengo iri yose yakaipa, somuenzaniso, ari huta. A PUK zviduku bvumidzwa, kuti ndicho kusiyaniswa zvikuru. Pakati pavo vane vakadaro marudzi masero :

- hematopoietic, kana GSK;

-multipotentnye mesenchymal stromal kana MMSC;

- zvinyama-chaicho;

- masero kubva achiine rukuvhute tambo ropa.

GSK akawana kubva lymphocytes zvose, masero matsvuku eropa, maplatelet nezvimwe masero eropa.

Basa zvinyama wakananga wokutsauka (yapfuura) chokumisa sero yokutsiva iri kwakajairika nhengo rinenge masero, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, akafa. Dzavo runoratidza - a zvachose wakaiswa nhamba muzvipoka, saka kuti munogara havana chokuita wechokwadi hunde masero.

Mukana non-kuvhiya pakurapa mapfundo

It Vakawana kuti ITCs somugumisiro mamwe mapoka ave osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes. Investigations iyi divi traumatologist orthopaedist guta akudzwa Russian pamusoro Orenburg. Mabatirwo chemajoini hunde sero MMSC vakanga varwere vasingagoni kufamba, saka chakakura majoini dzavo zvakaparadzwa. Masero hunde vakatorwa kubva adipose zvinyama wevarwere izvi, ipapo mashoko pasi chena ezvinhu raizoiswa chaiyo ezvinhu, apo mavhiki maviri akura vaida muchitokisi mhando. Pamberi kutanga kunoguma Pfungwa wevarwere vake vachinyatsoongorora akaedzwa kuvapo utachiona siyana. Parizvino, vose vaya vakapfuura kurapa kwakadaro, anonzwa zvakanaka, uye zviratidzo chemajoini vapiswa yekudyidzana. Asi, vanachiremba vanoti, yokupedzisira ndezvipi asati vachiri kure sezvo zvakafanira kuti kuitisa dzimwe ongororo kuona sei zvinhu zvaifanira kuedzwawo varwere mukati mumakore maviri. Saka kure, kutanga chete kubudirira kuedza reRussia, iro basa rinoitwa anogona kunzi Orenburg. Hunde masero arthrosis, arthritis, uye zvimwe zvirwere hemarthrosis (kana yasimbiswa nemigumisiro yakanaka) zvichaita "kubata" vanhu pasina kuisa zvinodhura uye unoramba havaratidzi endoprosthesis kuti Achabvisira varwere kubva zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kushandiswa. Imwe nzvimbo kushandiswa ITCs - Kusiyanisa yavo myocytes kuvakazve tsandanyama tishu.

tambo ropa

Maererano nenhamba, kupfuura hafu yevagari vepasi chimwe dhigirii kana mumwe chirwere akarova kwemajoini arthrosis. masero hunde MMSC, zvichida zvevanhu vachapa mufaro nyarara nyore kufamba, vazhinji vavo vachadzoka unongotaura. Gamuchirai ITCs izvi kwete chete kubva pfupa uye adipose rinenge asiwo kubva achiine rukuvhute tambo ropa. fenzi awo akabereka pashure pokuberekwa uye achiine rukuvhute tambo ligation. The zvichiguma zvinhu inotengwa anenge 80 Rine mamiririta. Kunyanya yakakwirira kuchirapa zvazviri anopa batanidza, izvo zvinosanganisira anorenda tambo ropa uye mwongo. Kuwedzera osteoarthritis, maererano vanachiremba, ropa iyi ingashandiswa pa zvirwere anopfuura 70, kusanganisira kenza. High tariro vatsvakurudzi pakushandisa achiine rukuvhute tambo ropa kuti kubatsira vanobudirira dzimwe nzira nehosha mune vana, Somuenzaniso, neleukemia, sarcoma, kenza wouropi. Ndiani akaita kutevera zvinoitwa hunde masero kubva achiine rukuvhute tambo ropa kana raitongwa varwere vane schizophrenia, palsy, Parkinson nehosha uye yeAlzheimer. Izvi zvinhu inounganidzwa uye inochengetwa mabhanga ropa. Ivo uye voga.

Plant hunde masero

All mbeu, nokuti zvipuka zvine masero akawanda gadziriro vane hunde masero, izvo pfungwa iri callus, mune mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, muna netsvo, vechiduku matavi. The zveBhaibheri yaiitwa pamwe ginseng, edelweiss, ruva, gardenia, uye zvimwe zvirimwa. Asi zvikuru nemigumisiro yakanaka akaratidza hunde masero kana mazambiringa matsvuku Amur. In nebazi Far East Russian Academy of Sciences vakawana kuti inobatsira kurapa hepatitis uye masayendisiti kubva Crimea yakasimbiswa kuti chirimwa, kunyanya mazambiringa, chokumisa masero angashandiswa pakurapa kenza. kufarira zvikuru fuma resveratrol, pakutanga yakawanikwa imwe French waini tsvuku, uye ipapo huri mazambiringa hunde masero. Chinhu chokutanga mudziyo mukurwa nokuti uduku ganda uye muviri. Ichi chakawanikwa vakashandisa creators Anti-kukwegura ruomba "Libriderm". Hunde masero vakawana kubva mazambiringa kwete chete pave wrinkles uye sagging ganda hwabviswa, asi zviri huru moisturize, kuti nyoro, munyoro, akadzivirira. Vakadzi avo vakaedza "Libriderm" kusunungurwa ane mikana yakadai:

- kusimba unaku;

- inogona nyore kuiswa pamusoro muviri;

- haakonzeri neutachiona;

- nayo moisturizes ganda rinenge zuva rose;

- Unotsigira bundu.

Handina kufanana nawo dzemauto, mubhadharo uye kushaya mwedzi kushandiswa inokosha rejuvenation kare.

Medicine kubva hunde masero nemaoko avo pachavo

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kunokonzerwa masero yatorwa miti, ndizvo ndoda ngozi pane vaya vakatorwa kubva kuvanhu kana mhuka, sezvo vaine zvishoma magene ruzivo uye havana kudaro simba, uye Chikurukuru, nezvimwewo migumisiro. Zvisinei, ivo, kunyanya kana kutarisirwa jekiseni, zvinogona kukonzera zvisingadiwi migumisiro. Asi chinhu kunze chikumbiro, maererano mushandi of Moscow State University. E. Rodimin University, iri chete zvakanaka. It kunyange achipa yokubika kuti pamba ruomba, kuti hunde masero izvo achaita basa kuvandudza ganda nemamiriro kumeso.

The mbishi zvinhu zvingava namabukira uye nhungirwa duku mazambiringa, asi zvakanaka kucheka mizambiringa uye kuchekwa kuwedzera callus yavo. Nokuti sumbu ichi raizoiswa mvura nokuda zuva kana maviri uye vanobviswa, wakaputirwa mumucheka wetted nemvura (zvinowanikwa nemadhaka paper), ipapo kupinda mapurasitiki bhegi woiswa noushamwari nzvimbo. Callus akazviratidza kuti vakaparadzana, yakaoma uye ukuye. Uyezve chipunu emasiraidhi (yokudyira) nokudira murwi (100g) vodka uye richadzipa kwemazuva 7. Mafundo uye matavi emazambiringa vaifanira kuisa pasi ari mudziyo ugodira vodka, zvakare. The zvichiguma aizomupa wedzera rakapedzwa isiri zara mafuta ruomba Somuenzaniso, Aloe vera Nyatsosanganisai. Kutora zvinoreva kunogona mukati uye akawedzera kuti madonhwe mashomanana teas, facial.

Reviews nyanzvi

Huge kufara kwakakonzera pose hunde masero. Reviews kuvarapi pamusoro pekushandisa kwavo zvikuru nharo.

Positive results:

-uchenye Harvard akawana nzira hwokubereka vakafurira pluripotent SC, izvo kufungawo munhu unhu zvipenyu;

- Vatsvakurudzi Japanese kubva UK dzamerazve, nembeu OVA makonzo uye kuwana vana utano;

- muna Kyoto Institute of akamutsa CK gametes zvinyama, itsvo uye adrenal mumasero;

- paUniversity Maastricht akasika SC mhou kushandisika nyama.

Negative results:

- rakazvimirira tsvakurudzo masayendisiti ari USA uye Spain akawana kuti ESC uye CPM ane refu kugara kunze zvakavapoteredza asati chakaunzwa muviri murwere kuti nyanyisa anomera;

- masayendisiti Danish vakaona kuti pashure 60 mapoka UK anotanga kubudisa telomerase, exchange masero aya muzvitokisi kenza;

- muzvinadzidzo wokuGermany Stark nechokwadi chokuti pakurapa mukono potency hunde masero - ndiko quackery, sezvo pasina kuedza akaratidza hapana zvakadaro maturo.

Mhedziso: asi hunde masero zvinochengeterwa mazana wezvakavanzika, uye asi havana kubatwa akafanana ropa risati yakawanikwa kuti iye ane mapoka akawanda. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, zvichida chokumisa masero vachange magic kurapa "vose." Kuti izvi zvidaro, uye kushanda pamwe masayendisiti munyika yose.