Chii Arifa munhurume, uye kana iri izwi zvinoshanda munhu?

Ethologists - masayendisiti vanochengeta maitiro evanhu mhuka - kare nei nhengo zvemombe kana makwai kuteerera mutungamiri? Sei kuziva Arifa munhurume? Uye chii chikonzero vanachandagwinyira Linear akanyatsorongwa chinosimbiswa mukati mhuka munharaunda? Panyaya chete aine revakadzi (sezvo, somuenzaniso, mune nehuku), ipapo, masayendisiti, uye pamberi pavo, uye zvisingaverengeki sapamarudzi varimi ndachengeta chete vakuru, asi richipararira muvanhukadzi. Zviya, ichi izwi akanga akatanga kushanda nayo huku, kuti ari munhukadzi. Muna 1922, Norwegian musayendisiti Shyeldruppom-Ebbe akagadzira mashoko "kutonga yokutanga tuchitsvaka." First kudya rinotanga nokupa huku Arifa mukadzi, ipapo - beta, wegamma uye zvichingodaro, kuti Omega. Kuedza omurume wacho kutora zviyo kushandiswa pakarepo woutsinye Peck musoro pedyo nani.

In tsoko, apo rongedza ane shoma murume nevakadzi vakawanda wayo (kusanganisira pamwe akura vanakomana) kuona zvakajeka rave Arifa mukono. Zviratidzo simba rake vari inoratidzwa zvimwewo zvinhu: pabonde mahomoni anoita kuti canines, nemavara ischial callosities (mune dzimwe mhuka). Zvikurukuru, nenzvimbo yake yakakwirira chipfuwo evinces munguva kuberekesana. It vigilantly zvinoita kuti hapana mumwe nhengo munharaunda - kana vaduku kana mutorwa - hapana kutaura revakadzi ake. Zvisinei, muupenyu ane tsoko kurongedza zvinotora risingamboshandisi Kupinda - apo kuenda inosimbisa anogadziriswa veteraani hadzi.

Chimwe akanyatsorongwa ari kuchengetwa remidzanga pamapere. David Mech, kwemakore anoverengeka, kuona maitiro avo, uyewo anoti kurangwa, kubatana uye sangano chikwata kunonyanya novimba unhu mutungamiri. Alpha munhurume - mhumhi ndiyo rongedza pamusoro pakuvhima, ivo anotsika kutanga nzira iri musinou, simudza nharaunda zororo, anosarudza nzira yokutama. Sezvo mhuka idzi - ndivo nomudzimai mumwe uye zvikurukuru mhuri, mhuka, nokuramba akatendeka vamwe vari rongedza zvinobatana vose varume nevakadzi. Saka, zviviri hierarchical Rwonzi achiumbwa boka - munhurume nomunhukadzi. Panzira, dzimwe nguva basa rongedza mutungamiri uye bere anotamba.

Mapere, kusiyana primate Alpha munhurume evinces rakavhurika kurwisa hariwanikwi. Kuti tirambe hurongwa nyika yose achishandisa makaseti anonongedzera uye nemasaini (kuratidza kuti canines, kurwiswa chenhema, akabuda weti pamusoro nzvimbo anokumhan'arira defecated). Mukuwedzera, mutungamiri kumbobvira vanoti vose mapere rongedza: Beta uye wegamma vanhu uyewo kubereka vana. The chete kunze ndivo naOmega vanhurume, rinonziwo chaivo castrati. Asi ichi hachisi panguva kutanga pakati chikuru mutungamiri, uye nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvose "vakadzi" iri rongedza hadzibvumirwi ichi munharaunda.

Zvaanorumbidza kwemaitiro evanhu (aifarira kuva nevamwe kana kubatanidzwa pamwe anovhima) mhuka kwakaita vanhu kuti vatende kuti munzanga yevanhu, zvakafanana zvigadziriswe sezvo ari rongedza. Pashure pezvose, Homo sapiens dzakabuda pachipfuva zvakasikwa, uye, chaizvoizvo, zvikuru yakarongwa mhuka. zvakafanana izvi pakati kwemaitiro vanhu nemhuka munharauda dzavo kwakaita kuti pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana (eugenics, magariro yaDarwin and said.), Kubva nezvokuti Arifa mukono vanotozvikuvadza zvinotora kutungamirira basa. Kunyanya nemhaka munhoroondo yevanhu, tinowana mienzaniso yakawanda mamwe evanhu mapoka akasimbisa chikuru nzvimbo dzavo rakarukwa, mbatya uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvikuru mhosva nevanhu akaderera chinzvimbo kutevera fashoni yakadaro. Zvakakwana kuyeuka rwehute kurambidzwa nokuda plebs muRoma yekare kana vanhu vakaderera wemuTesitamende India.

Asi munzanga yevanhu, kusiyana nemhuka, pane nzira dzakawanda kunzwisisa. Tiri kuona pamba, panzvimbo kutonga vamwe vemhuri kana mapoka, pane anovanza simba romunhu. Kunyange kana "munhurume Arifa" kusimbisa nzvimbo yavo munyika, zviri - ne zvakasimba kuita munzanga yevanhu, kodzero nhaka - kuripa vana varege kuva chaizvo Arufa vanhu, uye wegamma uye kunyange naOmega. Kana isu kutaura utungamiri se "mutungamiriri", vanogona kuva nezera, Marererwo uye dzidzo. , Kana sezvo ivo kururama kufunga Arifa zvabudiswa sehasha, zviri unhu vemunharaunda hwevanhu nokukurumidza anoisa munhu akadaro kunze kwomurayiro, uye anohupa basa rimwe pariah. Sezvo tinogona kuona, mufananidzo "Arufa" pachinhu murume ane strung shoma, asi anoramba kukudziridzwa: vanonzi "kuti murume" (kubva mushoko yokusimudzira murume - murume chaiye).