Where is Malacca (the peninsula)? Nyika dziri pane peninsula yeMalacca

Vanhu vashomanana vakanzwa nezvekuvapo kwenharaunda yeMalacca kuSouth-East Asia, kunyange zvazvo isingatumidzi kuduku. Chero ani zvake ari kechidiki-chinzvimbo-chinotarisana, anogona kutarisa kuti chii chakapiwa nzvimbo yeiyo, kana iwe uchiyeuka nezvezvitsuwa zvakadaro zvakakurumbira seSingapore uye Sumatra. Chokutanga chavo chiri kumaodzanyemba kwekunze, uye wechipiri - kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva. Uyezve, Sumatra inoparadzanisa Marcca Strait ne peninsula .

Malacca is peninsula, iyo nharaunda yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ndeweimwe yenyika: iri kumaodzanyemba - Malaysia, kuchamhembe - kuThailand uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumavirira - Myanmar.

Economy of the Malay Peninsula

Rubber pano inonzi inofanirwa kubva kune peninsula inowanikwa mari yakawanda. Haisi chete kukura, asi kunotungamirirwa kukutanga kushandiswa. Chikamu chiduku muhupfumi chinodhindwa nekurima kwemafuta e-oilseeds uye majekodhi mapalms uye mupunga. Sezvo peninsula ichikwira kure mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye inenge ichibva kumativi ose nemvura yayo, hazvishamisi kuti vagari vemunharaunda yegungwa vanobatanidzwa mukubata hove. Kune vashandi vekushanda, peninsula yeMalacca haisi inonakidza. Minerals haigone pano.

Pano, bauxite ine mined - aluminium ore. Kwete kare kare, zvigadziri zvematare zvaikudziridzwa, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura basa rakamira nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwemabhuku. Nyika dziri panharaunda yeMalacca, inorarama kuburikidza nekubudisa rubber uye hove.

Historical digression

Ndiani asina kungoerekana aonekwa muedzo wokutora peninsula. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti munguva yezana remakore mazana matanhatu AD chikamu chekumusoro kweMalacca chaiva pasi pekutonga kwehurumende yeFinan.

Kubva pazana remakore rechinomwe kusvika kuma14, peninsula yaiva chikamu cheS Sumatra - umambo hweSrivijaya, hwakatsiviwa neHa Majapahit nechisarudzo chehondo chekukonzera. Yakanga iri panguva iyi muchikamu ichi cheSouth-Asia Asia iyo Indo-Buddhism yakazosvika apogee.

Pakati pe1400 na 1403, kuvakwa kweguta reMalacca kwakatanga pamirairo ye Prince of Sumatra, anonzi Paramesvara. Nzvimbo yacho yakasarudzwa zvakanaka - muromo werwizi, gungwa redambudziko rine zita rimwe chete - gungwa rakaratidza kuti rakanaka kwazvo. Nzvimbo yakanaka pakati pemasimba maviri makuru eAsia, ayo anonzi India neChina, akazoita kuti guta reMalacca rive rekukurumidza kusimba nzvimbo yekutengesa kwete chete peninsula. Muhafu yezana remakore maiva nevagari vanopfuura 50 000 mairi.

Muna 1405, Admiral Zheng He, uyo akauya ku peninsula semumiririri, akakumbira kushandiswa kweMambo weChechi yepamusoro pamusoro penyika uye akavimbisa kuti nyika yakapoteredza yeSiam yakanga isingazoiti. Nechikomborero cheChinese, Prince Paramesvara akagamuchira zita reMambo wePeninsula pamwe chete nezviwi zviri pedyo. Kusvika munhamba yakawanda yevatengesi vanobva kuArabhu inounzwa kuMalacca chitendero chitsva, icho chakakurumidza kukunda mwoyo nemafungiro evanhu vemo. Mambo Parasvara, achifambidzana nenguva, muna 1414 akasarudza kuva muMuslim ane zita idzva - Megat Iskander Shah. Malacca is peninsula yakaona maitiro akawanda.

Hondo dzinodzivisa kukura

Muna 1424, kukakavadzana kwakavapo pakati peMalaan-Javanese aristocracy, vaine nzvimbo yeHindu, uye boka rinotungamirirwa nevatengesi vechiMuslim. Kurwisana kwakaguma muna 1445, mugumisiro waiva kukunda kweboka reIslam. Raj Kashima akava mutongi wenyika, ndiye Sultan Muzaffar Shah I.

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi15 nekutanga kwemazana nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu, zvikepe zvevatengesi vaibva kune dzimwe nyika dzakapoteredza, kubva kuMiddle and Middle East, zvakagadzira mapira, silika, micheka, ndarama, nutmeg, pepper nemimwe zvinonhuwira, camphor uye sandalwood kumahombekombe. Mukutsinhanisa, tini yakaendeswa kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvidzidzo zve sultanate zvakapfigirwa mune zvakawanda. Inzvimbo ye Malacca inhengo yechikamu chekumaodzanyemba cheIndochina Peninsula.

Paiva nemamiriro ezvinhu umo madzishe evanhu vaisakwanisa kuparadzanisa simba pakati pavo, uye maitiro akatonga akanga asingakwanisi kubvumirana nevatengesi vechiJavan uye vechiChinese, nguva nenguva vashandi vakapandukira. Somugumisiro, mamiriro acho akaita kuti kuderera kweMalacca Sultanate. Izvi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 zvakashandiswa zvakanaka nevakoloni vePortugal.

Kuedza kwekutanga muna 1509 kwakaguma mukukundwa kwezvikepe zvePutukezi kubva kuMalakki, avo vakangoerekana varwisa vapanduki. VaPutukezi vakadzoka mumakore maviri, vachitungamirirwa nomukuru weAlbquerque. Somugumisiro wekurwisana kunobudirira, gomba rakakosha zvikuru rakabatwa neEurope. Sultan, akazvitsaurira kukunda kwake, akamanikidzwa kubva mumuganhu weguta, ndokubva adzokera kumashure ekumaodzanyemba kwepeninsula ndokuzotiza muJohor. Vakunda vakatanga kukura munharaunda yekoloni. Kutevera mauto ehondo aiva mamishinari echiKristu, avo vakatanga kutanga kuvaka zvivako zvezvitendero. VaPutukezi, mushure mekutorwa kwaMalacca, vakavaka nhare kusimbisa nzvimbo dzavo.

VaDutch vari musimba

Mushure memazana emakore emakore Dhamasiko inopinda yakatanga kuratidza kufarira kuMalacca. Muna 1641, mushure mehafu yegore rekukomba, guta racho rakaramba richizviisa kune tsitsi dzevatsva vezvematongerwo enyika. VaDutch vakunda vakasarudza kusarudza nzvimbo yakachengeteka yeguta guru. Yakanga iri Batalavia (muchirivhesi chemazuva ano - Jakarta), uye guta reMalacca rakagamuchira chimiro chemuzinda wevarindi.

VaDutch vakanga vane peninsula kwemakore zana nemakumi mashanu, kusvikira muna 1795 vadzivisi vavo - vaBritish - havana kuuya pano. Muna 1818 uye muna 1824 pakanga paine kuchinja kwekutonga, kushanduka kwake kubva kuChirungu kusvika kumaDutch, uye zvakare pamwe chete. Kubva muna 1826, Malacca (iyo peninsula) pakupedzisira yakava chikamu cheumambo hwechikoloni hweEngland.

Muna 1946-1948 munharaunda iyi yeSouth-East Asia peninsula yeMalacca yakanyorwa muMalaan Union, kubva muna 1948 - chiMananan Federation yakazvimiririra. Muna 1963, Malacca, agamuchira mamiriro ehurumende, akapinda munyika yeMalaysia.

Iyo nyanzvi yemazuva ano yeMalacca

Mazana emakore-akagara pasi pekutonga kwekutanga kweChina, uyezve veEurope, kunyanya chiPutukezi, vakagadzirisa hutsika huripo penyika. Vamiririri venyika mbiri mbiri vanoratidzirwa nemagariro evanhu. Izvi zvakananga zvakananga nenzvimbo iyo Malacca Peninsula iripo.

Munenge mhiri kumhenderekedzo yose kubva kuMalacca Strait kune mhando yepamhenderekedzo dzepamhenderekedzo dzakasvibiswa nejecha jena rakachena. Kumirira kutsika kwemhepo, vatashanyi vanogona kuunganidza mahombekombe akawanda egungwa nemichindwe yakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana.

Zvokuvaraidza zvinosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugwa nemakungwa kana kufamba, kuenda kunzvimbo yakadzika yegungwa.

Guta uye mamwe maguta

Pamusoro penyika ndiyo guta guru reMalaysia - Kuala Lumpur, iyo iri kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero chikamu chayo.

Panhandare huru yenhandare yepasi pose kune mumiririro emahofisi anopfuura makumi mana emaodzanyemba. Malacca ipeni inoshanyira nezviuru zvevashanyi gore negore.

Kuala Lumpur inozivikanwa nekuda kwezvizhinji zvekunakidza, izvo zvinenge zvichingosiya zvinyaradzo zvinoshamisa: Nzvimbo yemamita 421 mamita yakakwirira, 88-nhau Petronas Twin Towers, parks "Gardens pedyo negungwa" nenzvimbo yose ye 91.6 hektare, Datan Merdeka Square, Sultan Abdul's palace Samada nevamwe.