Ijipiti, Giza: kuona nzvimbo yeguta (mufananidzo)

Imwe yenzvimbo dzisinganzwisisiki munyika yose iEgypt. Giza - guta riri pedo kune dambudziko re piramidi-makuva eharahara, ane simba risingaiti. Munhu wese anenge ashanyira ikoko, anowana zvakavanzika zvakavanzika zvekare zvehupenyu huno.

Nyika dzimba dzevakafa

Nhoroondo yakafuma uye inonakidza yeEgypt. Maererano nenhoroondo, kubvira pakutanga kwezvisikwa zvenyika, nyika ino yaitongwa nevanamwari. Zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvakapfuura vasati vatora vanhu kunze kwekupisa uye vakavapa simba rakazara. Mambo wekutanga wepanyika aiva Ameni. Nhema dzake pamusoro pake dzakapinda muchiGiriki uye zvizhinji gare gare mumitambo yezvakaitika zveRoma. Kutaura kweMarudzi ari muDiodorus, Manetho, Herodotus nevamwe.

Akabatana neUpper neAzasi kweEgypt ndokutanga guta reMemphis. Yaiva munzvimbo ino iyo yekutanga dzimba dzehupenyu shure kwekufa - mapiramidi akawanikwa. Pose, pane makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu kubva munyika, vazhinji muGiza, Egypt. Mifananidzo yevakakurumbira zvikuru inogona kuonekwa mumashoko acho.

Maererano nedzidziso dzevamwe masayendisiti, mapiramidhi anosangana nezviyo, nokuti, pamwe chete nemurwi, ine chimiro chakafanana. Vamwe vanove nechokwadi: ichi chimiro chechipiri chakashandiswa mumisangano yekuchema. Kazhinji, vakafa vakavigwa mumakuva uye nezvose zvavaida muupenyu hwekunze. Asi zvivakwa munharaunda iyi zvakasikwa maererano nedzimwe nzira. Vanoshamiswa nekururama kwekugadzirwa kwezvivako, kukurumidza kwekuvaka nekuisa mazana emibvunzo pamusoro pekugadzwa kwavo. Vatsvakurudzi vachiri kutsvaga mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi.

Guta pasi pemipiramidi

Guta rechitatu guru kune imwe nyika ndiro guta reGiza muEgypt. Maererano nekukakavara kwekupedzisira, nhamba yevagari vayo yakanga inopfuura mamiriyoni matatu. Iye zvino nharaunda iyi yakakwana zvakakwana nechekumadokero kweguta guru.

Kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure nemakiromita anenge 25 kubva kuKairo kana 8 km kusvika kurenje kubva kuGiza kune zvivakwa zvema XXVI-XXIII mazana emakore BC. E.

Kwenguva refu guta racho raiva musha muduku, asi muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Kutanga kukura zvinoshamisa. Chikonzero cheizvi vakange vari vatashanyi, vanyori vezvakaitika kare, vanyori connoisseurs vaiona basa ravo kushanyira Ijipiti. Giza yaiva kumakuva ekumusoro kweNemphis, guta iro panguva imwechete iro rakashanda basa rehukuru hwevekare. Iye zvino pane iyo inomirira El-Badrashein.

Kukosha pakati pevagari venyika Giza vakagamuchira panguva yekuvakwa kwepiramidhi yeimba yevamiririri veVi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamiririri vekuberekwa kwekare vakavigwa munzvimbo idzi.

Pearl of the Desert

Imwe yezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika ndeye piramidi ye Cheops. Kusvikira ikozvino, vanyori venhau dzakaitika havakwanise kupindura mubvunzo wekuti sei uye sei nei chivakwa ichi chakavakwa. Zvinofadza kuti kunyange muzana remakore rechi20 rekuvaka kwemazuva ano haigone kuwana yakaenzana yejometri yehuwandu hweguva iri. Kwete chete vatsigiri vezvigadzirwa zvekare, asiwo vanhu vanotenda muhupenyu hwekunze, vanouya kuEgipita. Giza nemipiramidi yaro yakazara nezvakawanda zvakavanzika.

Mutengi uyu aiva King Khufu, anonyatsozivikanwa seCheops. Zita rechipiri rakaonekwa uye rakakurumbira nekuda kwemabasa evanofunga zvekare veGreek.

Pane nharo yokuti mutongi aiva ane utsinye uye anotambudzwa ne megalomania. Zvisinei, hapana pfuma kana pharao muguva yakawanikwa. Muumbi wekugadzira anoonekwa somuzukuru wamambo, muvakiriti Hemiun. Maererano nemagwaro, kuvaka kwakave nemakore 25.

Kune zvirevo zvekuti Great Pyramid yakagadzirwa kwete nevanhu, asi nevatorwa vaSirius. Panewo zvakare chirevo chokuti iyi ndiyo kusikwa kweAtlanteans. Chinhu chisina kufara chisarudzo icho mararamiro ekare akaisa chishamiso ichi, kusvika kumazinga avo vemazuva ano vasati vakura.

Iyo pikicha yepamusoro

Kureba kwepiramidi yekutanga kwakasvika kusvika 146.60 mamita. Asi Cheops haisi yega yakavakwa pahotera yeGiza. Yekare Ijipiti inogonawo kuzvirumbidza chishamiso chakafanana.

Ikopi yakagadzirwa nomutsivi weKhufu, King Khafre. Vatsvakurudzi vachiri vasingazivi chaizvo kuti ndiani akanga atotangira - mwanakomana kana hama.

Iyi piramidi yakavakwa makore 40 gare gare kupfuura yekutanga, inenge iri pakati pezana remakore rechi20 CE BC. E. Iyo yakakwirira mamita 143,9, asi nekuda kwekuti chimiro chiripo pamusoro pegomo rakakwirira, uye masvingo ane mhedziso yakadzika, inoratidzika inoita seyakakura.

Kufanana neguva reKeops, rinoumba masero mumakorani mashoma anotungamirira.

Iyo ichiri mumamiriro akanaka kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo, kufanana nechivakwa chekutanga, yakaderedza zvishoma zvayera uye urefu. Iye zvino iri 136.4 m uye 210.5 m × 210.5 m muzasi (yakatanga kubva 215.3 × 215.3 m).

Matatu matatu akamborongedzwa nemapiramiidal ayo akabatanidzwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, vose vakanyangarika mukufamba kwenguva. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare havazivi zvavakagadzirwa, izvo zvipi zvinyorwa zvakaitwa. Iyo chete inopa ruzivo pamusoro peiyi chikamu cheguva ndiyo musoro weKhafre. Kunyange zvazvo piramidi yacho pachayo isipo, pane yakasara iyo yakaiswa dombo. Izvi zvakabatsira kugadzirisa zvakagadzirirwa mumhando yayo yepakutanga.

Tomb guard

Chifananidzo chikuru pasi pano iS Great Sphinx muGiza. Ijipiti yakaona maari chiratidzo chemasimba omutongi. Iyo yakavezwa kubva padombo rakasimba, kureba kwemuviri weshumba iri mamita 73, uye kukwirira kuri mamita 20. Chikumbaridzo chakatarisana nechipiri chivakwa. Pano pane maonero ayo pakutanga aiva musoro weshumba, uye chete ipapo imwe pharao yakaipa kutarisa kwaKafre.

Zvinosuruvarisa, chifananidzo hachina kuchengetedza rudzi rwekutanga. Iko kune dzakawanda shanduro dzeheirloom kukuvara. Chimwe chazvo-kuputi kwakakonzera musimboti wemauto aNapoleon. Imwe nzira - maArabhu anozvipira aigara munyika yejecha, akashandisa Sphinx sechinangwa chepfuti. Izvi zvaive zvichienderana nekuti chitendero chavo chinorambidza kuratidza chiso chevanhu.

Kutuka kweTomu

Kufamba nyika yekare, iwe uchaona zvitatu zvikurusa zvikuru zveGiza. Ijipiti yakaisa kuguma kwemazuva makuru emakuva nekuvakwa kwePiramidi yeMicherine. Chivako ichi chine zvinyorwa zviduku zvikuru, zvakaderera uye nechekupedzisira kwevatatu. Ndicho chegumi che Cheops chete. Iri mamiriyoni 200 kubva kuKafe. Kureba - 66 m. Chivako chakapedzwa muna 2505 BC. E. Chimiro uye maitiro zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva pakutanga zviviri zvokuti vaGiriki vekare vakagadza zvigadziri zvenguva zvekuvaka - anenge 550 BC. E.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti panguva yekuvaka piramidi yaive inopetwa kaviri. Uyewo mutengi Mikerin haana kupenya nekutsungirira. Kuti zvikurumidze kushanda, mabwe akanga asina kutariswa maererano nehutungamiri hwevanhu vakagadzirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mutongi haana kukwanisa kurarama kusvika pakuvakwa kwekupedzisira.

Muna 1837 Briton Howard Vance akazarura guva. Akawana sarcophagus uye chifukidzo mumamiriro evanhu. Pfuma yakaedza kutakura kuenda kuEngland pane ngarava. Asi panguva yemhepo chikepe chacho chakanyura nechawana. Kubva panguva iyo, pane nheyo pamusoro pekutukwa.

Imwe dzidzo

Mukuwedzera kune migwagwa yakawanda yekushanyirana, unogona kushanyira zvishoma kudarika, asi zvakafanana nenzvimbo dzisinganzwisisiki. Somuenzaniso, zvichava zvinonakidza kuona makuva emadzimai epaharao, vaprista nevatungamiriri panguva iyoyo.

Imamiti yebhokisi rezuva rino inofanirawo kutarisirwa. Iye achakuudza nezve nheyo dzakaita kuti Ijipiti yekare yaigara. Giza ine nzvimbo ine necropolis ye Sakkar. Kune zvivako gumi nematanhatu, kunyanya imba ye VI, kunyange kune mamwe mavambo ekutanga. Pamuzinda wose unomira piramidhi ye Djoser. Inoumbwa nemakamuri gumi nemakumi maviri emakamuri ekuvigwa.