The Field of Mars. Munda we Mars, Paris. Munda we Mars ndiyo nhoroondo

Mune mamwe maguta makuru munyika muno pane nzvimbo pasi pezita risinganzwisisiki re Field Field. Zvinorevei?

Zvose izvi zvinotumidzwa mukuremekedza Campus Martius weRoma yekare, uye naizvozvo, kuti tinzwisise zvinoreva maruva akawanda eminda, hatigoni kuita kunze kwekudzikisa zvakadzama munhoroondo. Ngationei kuti chiitiko ichi chakabva kupi, ndechei maonero aakatora ikozvino.

The Field of Mars: Zvakaitika

Munguva yekare, hapana mumwe asi murindi aigona kupinda muguta ane zvombo. Asi zvakadini neuto? Nokuti iye, chaizvoizvo, akavaka matanda kunze kwemasvingo. Zvechokwadi, idzi dzaive misha chaiyo yehondo: kunze kwemisasa yaiva nechipatara, mashopu ezvombo, arsenal, munda wekudzidzira uye kudzidzira kurwa. Zvose izvi pamwe chete zvainzi musasa (musasa muLatin). Sezvo musasa waiva wakagarwa nemauto, yakanga iri pasi pemagariro emwari wehondo, Mars. MuRoma, nzvimbo iyi yakanga iri pahombekombe rweruboshwe rweTiber, ichigara muhombekombe pakati pemakomo eKapitolius, Pincius naQuirinal. Pakati pemusasa makamira aritari duku kumwari anomanikidza.

Pashure penguva yeTarquinive, kunyanya munguva yekupedzisira Republic, Field Field yakashandura chimiro chayo nekuonekwa. Yakatanga kuronga misangano yevoruzhinji, dzimwe nguva yakabvunzwa zvechiuto, mitambo yemitambo (centurial comissions), kunyange kuurayiwa kwakaitwa. Gore roga roga, kwaiva nekupemberera kweEiririum nekumhanya uye kuputika kwengoro. Sezvo munda wacho wakakura, panguva imwe chete, zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitika pairi, uye vataridzi vazhinji vaigona kuwana varaidzo kune zvavanoda.

Izvo zviri mberi zveMunda weMaric

Apo Roma yakanga ichitongwa naJulius Caesar, guta rehondo rakaenda kugomo reCelio. Vagari vese vane rugare veguta vakatanga kugara paChamps de Mars. Asi zita rakachengetedzwa mumusoro. Gare gare, nzvimbo iyi yakakura yakaita semhepo yakatanga kuve yakanyatsovakwa. Yakavakwa dzakawanda zvekugadzirisa zvivakwa, semuenzaniso, Pantheon. Sezvo nharaunda yeguta rekutanga rehondo yakaiswa mumakuva apo masara evarwi akawira akachengetwa, gare gare vagari vakaramba vachikudza kukunda avo munzvimbo ino, iyo iyo Pantheon yakavakwa nayo, inofadza Field of Mars. Roma yakarasikirwa nenzvimbo huru isina nzvimbo, asi inokoshesa chiyeuchidzo chezvimbo ino ine mbiri.

Mimwe minda yakatsaurirwa kune vane heroes vakawa

Nokufananidza ne "Campus Martius" muRome, nzvimbo dzakafanana dzakatanga kugadzirwa mune mamwe maguta makuru. Zvinoshamisa kuti pakutanga chinangwa chavo chakanga chakafanana neGuta risingaperi. Vaiita basa rehondo remauto emasero uye kuongorora kukuru. Uye chete ipapo, mazana emakore gare gare, vakatanga kutaridzirwa sezviyeuchidzo zvekubwinya kune ma heroes akawira kuMamare.

Mune mamwe maguta moto usingaperi unopenya pamakumbo akadaro . Zvinonzwisisika, munzvimbo dzakadaro, maatari eMaris akanga asisarongedzwi, asi zita racho rakaramba riripo. Zvichida, nokuti kwaiva nemafashoni ekare. Nokudaro, minda yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari wehondo yakaonekwa kune kure kure nenyika dzeRoma. Muneipi maguta iyo Field Field? Paris, Athens, Nuremberg uye kunyange St. Petersburg. Iyo inofadza zvikuru, zvose mbiri uye yakagadzirirwa, ndiyo Champ de Mars mumuganhu weFrance. Uye iyo inodzidzisa zvikuru iri muguta reGermany reNuremberg.

Parisian paradean nzvimbo yekuita zvehondo

Muna 1751, Mambo Louis XV weFrance akarayira kuvaka kwechikoro chechiuto kumhenderekedzo yezasi yeSeine. Kudzidza ikoko kwaifungidzirwa kuva vakomana kubva kune varombo vemhuri dzakashata (inozivikanwa kuti mumwe weva cadet mune iyi sangano ndiye wechiduku Napoleon Bonaparte). Chikoro chakanga chakabatanidzwa nehombe yakadzika yepamusoro, yakagadzirirwa kudzidzira mauto. Pano mambowo akatora mapurisa. Iyi nzvimbo pedyo neLouvre yainzi Field of Mars.

Paris yakakoshesa iyi yakakura hurukuro, inokodzera kuunganidza vanhu vakawanda. Vakapika vachizviisa pasi pedare rekutanga. Zvimwe zviitiko zveFrance Revolution ya1791 zvakaitikawo munharaunda iyi. Nzvimbo huru isina kuchengetedzwa inenge iri pakati peguta yakashandiswa nevaParisiti kune zvakasiyana. Pano, kwete chete mhemberero dzaiitwa, asiwo maitiro ekutanga ekugadzirisa nzvimbo yemhepo yakaitwa. Muna 1784, kubva kuMunda weMaric, Blanchard, piyona mundima iyi, akwira kudenga achienda bhora rakatungamirirwa.

Kuwedzera kubudirira. A chinyorwa chikuru

Munda weMarita, wakatambanudza maekala makumi maviri nemazana matanhatu pamusana pebazi reBillly Embankment, kusiyana nemuvakidzani wake weRoma, akaramba asina kupera. Yakatamba basa rekuchengetedzwa kweguta mumakore 1833-1860, ipapo kwakatanga kutora zviratidzo zvekubudirira kwesayenzi yenyika. Nokudaro, apo Gustave Eiffel akaisa peParis nechirongwa cheshongwe yake, yakasarudzwa kuiisa zvakananga kuMunda weMarita. Iko kushandiswa kwematare esimbi kunoshamisa kushamwaridzana mumusango wakaoma wemakwenzi. Kuti uone uye kutora mufananidzo weEiffel Tower ne Champ de Mars, mamiriyoni evashanyi vari kushanyira kuguta. Kugadzirwa kwepanyama kwemunda ndiyo dome yegoridhe yeInvalides uye Military School. Nokudaro, vaParisiti ivo pachavo vanofarira kuronga picnics pamasora, vachiuya kusango kunyange manheru nemakandulo.

The Champ de Mars muAtene

Ichi chiyeuchidzo mumutauro wemazuva ano wechiGiriki chinonzi Πεδίον του Άρεως (Pedion tu Areos). Yakavakwa muna 1934 kuti iremekedze ma heroes ehurumende yekusununguka kwenyika ye1821. Nokufananidza neMunda weParisiti weMaris, chivigiro chakatsaurirwa kuna mwari wehondo - Areosu. Zvakakosha kuti hauzooni chifananidzo chake chero kupi zvako, uye zvakavezwa paAthena Pallada korona yekuyeuchidza mukurumbira. Kusiyana neguta rakasvibirira reguta guru reFrance, chivako ichi inzvimbo ine shady. Iyo microclimate yemavara emusango mukati memwoyo weguta (kubva pano makiromita chete kuenda kuOmonia Square) yakadai kuti muzhizha kutonhora pano kune madhigiri maviri pasi pasi pose pose muAtene. Pamberi pemukova mukuru pane chifananidzo chechiGiriki Mambo Constantine I pamabhiza. Mupaki, kunze kwemabhazi emakumi maviri nemumwe rekurwisa hero, panewo guva reBritish, New Zealand nemasoja eAustralia vakafa muhondo dzeGreece munguva yeHondo Yenyika II.

Nhoroondo ye Mars Field muSt. Petersburg

Izana remakore shure kweSt. Petersburg rakatangwa, Field of Mars yakasikwa muguta rino. Zvisinei, pakutanga yainzi Poteshny, nokuti mhemberero yakaitika panzvimbo isina kusimbiswa yeMaslenitsa. Yakanga iri kumadokero kweChizha Yemazuva. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemana nzvimbo ino yakatanga kunzi Great Lug.

Zita racho, uye mabasa ezvimbo yacho akachinjwa, apo Mukadzi Elizabeth Petrovna akakwira pachigaro . Munda wakatanga kuremekedzwa unonzi Tsaritsyn Meadow. Pamusoro payo wakapfuura kuongororwa kwechiuto nemapurisa. Uye sezvo Russia yakagara iine fashoni yeParis, pakupera kwezana remakore re XVIII-XIX yakasarudzwa kudana Tsaritsyn Lug iyo Mars. Pauro ini ndakaraira kuti ndivhare chikamu chechivako chinokurumidza kukura ne girasi resimbi, kuputsa paki nemasese uye alleys. Muna 1801, kuburikidza nekuraira kwamambo mumwe chete, zviyeuchidzo zvakavakirwa kune vakuru vakuru Suvorov naRumyantsev.

Kushanduka kubva kumunda kusvika kune chikwereti

Sezvo makore akafamba, Petersburg akatanga, uye pamwe nazvo kuchinja kwakabata Mars Field. Zvifananidzo zviviri zvakamusongedza zvichienda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeguta racho. Nokudaro, chivakwa kumukuru wechiuto P. A. Rumyantsev nebasa remugadziri V. F. Brenna akaendeswa muna 1818 kuenda kuVasilievsky Island. Uye panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Alexander I, zvakavezwa zvemuzinda mukuru webasa rakasimudzirwa zvakare. Iyezvino inomira pakatarisana neTatu Bridge, iri pedyo neMarble Palace uye imba yaSaltykov yekuverenga. Zvechokwadi, ichi chikamu chikamu chemuzinda weTsaritsyn, chinongopararira mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana, iyo inonzi yaMas Marshal.

Icho chivako cheSuvorov paMusp de Mars, paMoika, chinofanira kutaurwa zvakasiyana. MuMambo weRussia, iyi ndiyo yaiva yekutanga kugadzirwa kune munhu asina kurohwa. Muvezi M.I. Kozlovsky, uyo akashanda pachikumbaridzo pasi pekuraira kwaPauro I muna 1799-1800, haana kunyanya kufarira nezvemifananidzo yakafanana pakati pechifananidzo uye chepakutanga. Izvozvi, pane kudaro, pamwe chete, chifananidzo chekutsvaga chemufambisi anokunda. Nhamba yemhangura pachitsiko ichipfekedzwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekare. Muruoko rwake rworudyi anobata bakatwa, kuruboshwe - nhovo. Suvorov inowanzoonekwa pamberi pedu mumoto we Mars, mwari wehondo.

Kutendeuka kuChirangaridzo Chokubwinya

Mushure mokunge Munda weMarisi wakarashika zvivako zvevakuru vakuru vaviri, hapanazve chinoratidza maonero ezvimbo ino kuhondo uye hondo. Zvisinei, zita rinoramba riripo. Nokudaro, apo mubvunzo wakamuka wekuviga vanhu vakafa munguva yeFebruary Revolution ye1917, pakanga pasina chimwe chirevo: guva revanhu vazhinji rinofanira kuva paMupe de Mars. Gare gare ikoko kwakatanga kuonekwa kuvigwa vatsva kwevashandi vakaurayiwa muYaroslavl kumutswa muzhizha ra1918, vatori vekudzivirirwa kweguta kubva kumasoja eYudenich, pamwe nekufa kwevatungamiri vekuvandudza M. Uritsky, V. Volodarsky, ruflemen ruflemen nevamwe. Kuyeuka magamba kwakagadziriswa kupfuurirwa nekuvhura kwechiyeuchidzo. Yakanga yakavakwa negreyiti greyite. Kuvhura kwakagadzirirwa nguva yekutenderana neyechipiri chegore reChitutu Revolution. Asi munda iwoyo wakatumidzwa zvakare Vakatambudzwa veRevolution Square.

Nhandare yekukunda, yakazova nzvimbo yekunyadziswa

Muna March 1935, fascist Germany yakasarudza kuwana nzvimbo yayo ye Mars. Izvi zvaisava nzvimbo yekuita nekufambisa zvidzidzo zveWehrmacht mauto. Yakanga yakarongwa kuita misangano yepamberi, pamwe chete nechisungo chekukudza rusununguko rwepasi kubva "denda reku communism nekutonga kwevaSimitic". Saka zvaifanirwa kunge iri kuvaka kwezana remakore - iro guru muEurope, Field of Mars. Mifananidzo yemakore iwayo inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yakagoverwa yeruzhinji yakanga yakaenzana nekukura kwemasikati makumi masere ebhola! Mhepo imwechete yegigantomania ndiyo yakamira, yakagadzirirwa vateereri 250 000. Iyi nhandare yaive yakakomberedzwa makumi maviri nemana shongwe (gumi nemana pane dzakavakwa na1945), uye führer tribune yakashongedzwa neboka rakavezwa remwarikadzi wekukunda kukunda nemauto. Uye chii chakabva pane izvi? Tichareva chete kuti nzvimbo yakawanda yepadhiso yakave yakaberekwa muNuremberg, uko, sezvinozivikanwa, kunzwa kwakabatwa pane zvakaitwa neve fascists vakapomerwa mhosva dzevanhu. Nyaya inodzidzisa zvechokwadi!