Voronezh kusunungurwa nechisimba Nazi

The simba uye ushingi yeSoviet vanhu akunda chakaipa kupfuura hondo yokupedzisira remakore. Feat ravo rakanga richishandiswa pamberi, vari shure, mumunda, muna partisan mumasango uye anezvimiti. Mapeji History of Great Patriotic akadzimwa vanhu ndangariro, izvi zvinoita kuti nguva norugare uye zvishoma nezvishoma kurega ari umhare chizvarwa. Tinofanira kurangarira nekufambisa kusvikira zvizvarwa zvidzidzo woushingi uye rapanzvimbo tsaona vanhu. The Kukombwa Leningrad, Hondo Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, kusunungurwa Voronezh mumwe kundorwa kuti hondo, izvo zvakabatsira kuhwina padiki kuti chizvarwa nyika hwavo.

Mamiriro ari mberi

Summer 1942 yaiva vokuGermany mukana wechipiri panguva kupora kutanga mukurwa. A guru boka revarwi akarwiswa kuchamhembe mirayiridzo (Leningrad), yakakura Kurasikirwa pakurwa nokuda Moscow kudzikamiswa zvikuru shungu pamusoro Hitler uye akauya aronga kuti andobata nemheni Soviet Union kushoma. Zvino, zvose uto oparesheni chakanyatsorongwa aronga, aidzidza regrouping revarwi, achigadzirira nzira romugove uye sangano shure mabasa. utsinye Nazi muna dzatorwa kunge akamutsa sefungu remagandanga kufamba uye chikuru boka muvengi haana takachengeteka zvachose. Zvinovhiringidza mu nerubatsiro mazana derailed njanji motokari pamwe manpower uye midziyo, kuparadzwa kwakakwana duku dzakabatana German, kuchinjwa yenjere dzose zviumbu hondo eSoviet makadzivisa zvikuru nechisimba. Saka, mudzimu "Blau" (pamusoro Eastern Front) yakazokudziridzwa kufungisisa zvose zvinobvira apa, asi kunyange zvakadaro nomazvo inokosha nzira, vaNazi havana kufungawo kutsungirira uye ushingi pakati vanotsigira Voronezh. Izvi guta rekare Russian amire munzira Hitler, asi kubatwa kwayo uye kuparadzwa, maererano vokuGermany, haana zvinoda kuchikosha nguva yakawanda. More Zvinoshamisa kwavari waiva hondo yokupedzisira muguta Voronezh. Vakabvumirwa wayo kwazvo kubudirira somugumisiro, muna January 1943, basa tsamwisa amabasa, asi yakaramba "unconquered."

kutumirwa Itsva Hitler

Nokuda ndima yakakura nzvimbo emauto vamapoka vokuGermany akatarisana nechinetso zvitengeswa. The Army iri kuramba vachida zvokudya, zvokupfeka uye peturu. Kuti muzadze aida zvekuvaka nechigadziko, izvo panguva iyoyo zvakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko muvengi. The kubatwa of Caucasus angadai akasarudza nemafuta uye simba pfuma chinetso, asi murayiro veSoviet urongwa Hitler vaiva zvakajeka, saka rokumabvazuva nekutsvaga masimba makuru kurwisa. The kuyambuka Don River, uchiteverwa kuparadzwa muchiuto vachishandisa Voronezh, aizobvumira vaNazi kuitisa oparesheni kubudirira "Blau" uye kukudziridza renguva pamwero kurwisa guta Stalingrad. Saka, kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva inoenda mberi muzhizha 1942 hondo mauto yechiFascist huru dzaiva pfungwa yokushanda. Kupfuura hafu vose motorized mapfundo 35-40% of inifanduri mumapoka zvinobatanidzwa pamusoro Soviet-German mberi, akaisa mberi pachinzvimbo ezvidzidzo hope ari Führer kwakaita rokutora eCaucasus. June 28, 1942 vokuGermany vatanga Operation "Blau", iro zvakavhiringidzwa nemauto eSoviet panguva Stalingrad uye muguta Voronezh. Kusunungurwa kubva vaNazi akamirira Kursk, Orel, uyo vakabatwa panguva kurwiswa Moscow.

The kurwisa Voronezh

Sezvo kutanga hondo Voronezh, kufanana ose maguta USSR, zvakanga hwakatamisirwa muchiuto ezvinhu. , A vakawanda kuunganidza yakawanda emakambani vave dzakatsaukira Uto zvigadzirwa (anopfuura 100 zvinhu: .. IL-2 ndege, "Katyusha", warrior, mayunifomu, etc.), chikuru uye chinokosha nokuda upfumi akabviswa kuti necheshure. Voronezh paaigadzirira dzinga munhu zvichibvira kurwisa hweNazi kubva kumavirazuva. Muchirimo 1942 takatanga ndichibvunza kubhomba akaparadza chitima makwara. Panguva iyoyo yaiva chete chimiro pakufamba inoshanda. Zvikuru dzaparadzwa enhoroondo muzinda yekare taundi Voronezh. Labor Liberation Street (yaimbonzi Vvedenskaya) nekereke uye wemamongi akarasikirwa chinokosha mari chenhau sezvivako. Division PVO akasikwa kubva vasikana vaigara munharaunda uye guta racho pacharo. Most nemobilizovannyh kuhondo dzose varume (vashandi, vadzidzisi, vadzidzi) vakaenda varwi vakatora akarova wokutanga German hondo muchina. At nechokugedhi Voronezh pamberi mutsetse kureba kwakanga kukosha, ndokusaka mauto eGermany dzakapasanura napakati kudzivirira uye nokukurumidza akasvika paigumira guta. July 6 vaNazi akayambuka Don ndokupinda Mafuro Voronezh. Panguva iyi, vakuru veuto German nomufaro vakaudza kubatwa muguta, havana kutarisira kuti zvakazara voritora havana kubudirira. Kusunungurwa Voronezh January 25, 1943 imhaka ane mheni bridgeheads wakaitwa zvose hondo kudzivirira weSoviet. Pakazosvika nguva panowanikwa vaNazi muguta yakawanda yakaparadzwa kubhomba, Mazimbe dzimba, mafekitari. Under izvi ezvinhu, akaita vakawanda kubvisa chavagari, muzvipatara, chinonyanya kukosha chikamu yesangano ose maindasitiri emakambani, aina nhoroondo uye tsika.

mutsetse kumberi

Voronezh kusunungurwa nechisimba eNazi vakatanga kubva kuruboshwe kumahombekombe erwizi. Mberi kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero, vokuGermany vasina akasangana vaine kurambwa, saka guta vakatenda akabatwa. The rworudyi ruri pamusoro Voronezh River haina akasimbiswa kuti kuzvidzivirira hondo, nguva zviumbu wehondo eSoviet akanga kure, nokuti kuchinjwa kwavo Zvaizoda nguva uye nzvimbo inoshandiswa pakutsigira nekutumirwa kwemauto. Muguta vaiva chikamu NKVD, varwi rechiuto, hondo 41 Muganhu varindi uye Gunners Anti ndege, uyo akatora brunt. Vazhinji yeimwe izvi vanokurudzirwa rworuboshwe norwizi uye akatanga kuvaka masvingo. Basa raiva zororo kuti vaizoita kunonotsa kufambira mberi nevaNazi. Izvi zvaiita kuti vadzivirire rwizi kuyambuka Voronezh uye kuderedza kutanga pakati zviumbu German kusvikira vasvika kupembedza zvikamu. Mune zvinhu mumaguta makuru hondo Voronezh uchimhanya muvengi uye akaenda kubhengi kuruboshwe kunze. On Stalin kuti mirairo muna Voronezh Reserve Brigade akatumwa 8, zvinosanganisira Siberians. VokuGermany vakakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo kurudyi pamahombekombe, asi akaramba pachine wavo akamisa rwizi, kana panzvimbo kusakwanisika kumanikidza. The mutsetse pamberi rinopfuurira kubva yemapurisa. Otrozhka kuti confluence. Voronezh Don. Nzvimbo varwi eSoviet akanga iri dzinogarwa munzvimbo uye fekitari pasi, izvozvo akapa yokunyengera akanaka. The muvengi haana kuona misha zviyero, murayiro mbiru uye aigona chete zvokufungidzira arambe achirema romoto riri kuzvidzivirira simba. Mutungamiriri wenyika mwero vakauya kuti vatore nevaFascist pamusoro Voronezh River, kwete kutora nzvimbo. The Soviet Information Bureau akashuma mufambiro rehondo panzvimbo kujeka. Zvakange mune pamusoro rinorema kurwa munharaunda Voronezh.

kudzivirira

Musi waJuly 4, 1942 vanotyisa hondo dzakarwiwa kurudyi kumahombekombe guta. zviumbu inoverengeka varwi Soviet, navatariri, vazvipiri, chikamu NKVD, ivo Gunners Anti-ndege aiita Voronezh peguta. Achishandisa sechinhu chokufukidzisa muguta chivakwa, vayambuka kurudyi kubhengi uye kuparadza vaNazi. Kuyambuka akanga akatakurwa kunze muhombe atirari rutsigiro, rakanga ngadzirambe pamahombekombe kuruboshwe. Varwi kubva murwizi vakamhanyira pakarepo kuhondo kundorwa vane ehondo muvengi, vaiva zvakanakira nzvimbo. Right Bank aiva nani pamawere, zvichiita kuti zviomere kufamba vezvikwata. Desperate ushingi vanhu ava kwakaguma chokuti musi July 6-7, kurwa aienda mumigwagwa: Pomyalovsky, Stepan Razin, Revolution Avenue, Nikitinskaya, Shona, Dzerzhinsky, Liberation of Labor. Voronezh haana wobva zvisingaiti, asi aifanira kumisa kurwisa, akatakura zvakawanda pamusoro Nokurasikirwa panguva kuyambuka. Kupona varwi vakadzokera kuna kubhengi kuruboshwe musi July 10, chinangwa chavo chikuru chaiva kusimbisa kuzvidzivirira zvinzvimbo uye kugadzirira chinotevera panowanikwa bridgeheads. Voronezh kusunungurwa hwakatanga musi kungoitika uye kwemwedzi minomwe refu.

Hot makwapa pamepu

Kusunungurwa Voronezh mberi, kuruboshwe pamahombekombe kudzivirira wakadzivisa muvengi kubva anokunda guta rose. Tsamwisa akavhiyiwa havana kumborega, vavabatsire akauya, uye mauto Soviet vachishandisa muguta akaramba kuparadza vaNazi. The mutsetse pamberi yachinja kakawanda pazuva, kutamburira raiva nerimwe muzvina, mumugwagwa, imba. German tangi uye inifanduri nokupesana airamba kuyambuka rwizi Voronezh. Kusunungurwa rworuboshwe kumahombekombe kudzivirira zvaireva kukunda guta, ayo kwakasimba. Otrozhenskie mabhiriji kuyambuka Semiluksky pasi kugara kutokonora, kubhomba uye tangi kurwiswa. Vaitsigira vari kwete akarwa kuti rufu, vakadzorera tagovera hurongwa pasi moto panguva kurwisa. With pamahombekombe yepamutemo mushure kurwiswa nevaNazi akarega mauto Soviet, nokuunza vakakuvadzwa, vapoteri vaiva, panguva iyoyo vanhu vokuGermany vakaedza kurwisa kana kumhanya kuti kumhanya mbiru. Kuyambuka rwizi Voronezh vakundikana uye kuchiteshi zambuko, masoja Soviet, achiziva kuti nguva refu havazokwanisi yaizogara yakakuwandira romuvengi, wedged zambuko unopfuta sezvamunoita. Usiku, musimboti span yakanga mined uye nomukondombera kumusoro. Voronezh kusunungurwa nechisimba eNazi kwakakonzerwa kumisa midzi, iyo aigona kuvimba kurwisa parutivi mauto eSoviet. Batisisa pasi mari yavo upenyu nzvimbo pamusoro Chizhovka uye pasi Shilovo, masoja akaparadza guru mapoka muvengi. Izvi inoshandiswa pakutsigira nzvimbo vari kurudyi-pamahombekombe chikamu cheguta, vokuGermany vakakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo pamusoro pavo uye akatipa simba nemishonga. Varwi Chizhovka rinonzi "mupata rufu", asi akatora uye vakabata nayo, kunyimwa vokuGermany inokosha zvinobatsira, sunga zvavanoita nechepakati chikamu cheguta.

August, September 42

Kusanzwisisana chisimba akatora nzvimbo kuchipatara uye kembasi. District City Park uye Agricultural Institute pitted nemabara uye anoshongwa, mumwe nomunda zvakakangwa muropa nemasoja Soviet akakurwirai kusunungurwa Voronezh. Photos nzvimbo kubwinya nemauto makachengeta yose yose uye utsinye kurwa. Witness guva zuva ndiye Rotunda (showroom kuvhiyiwa dhipatimendi), ndiro chete kuvaka kupukunyuka muchipatara remunharaunda. VokuGermany akaita muviri wose ari dzakavakirirwa emplacement, izvo zvakaita kuti zvisabvira varwi Soviet kukomba sokuronga rinokosha chinhu. Skirmishes mberi kwemwedzi, avo Zvakaguma Kudzikamiswa nechemberi mutsetse, vokuGermany dzakamanikidzwa shure. Kusunungurwa Voronezh, ayo rworudyi bhengi, rwakatora mazuva 212 uye nousiku. Fighting chaienda muguta, aro, munzvimbo mhiri kureba rwizi.

Voronezh kusunungurwa nechisimba Nazi

"Operation Little Saturn" akanga akarongwa uye wakagadzirwa murayiro yeSoviet. Munhoroondo zvehondo, chinowanzoonekwa vachinzi "Stalingrad pamusoro Don", rinoitirwa kunoshamisa vatungamiriri vemauto: P. S. Rybalko, G. K. Zhukov, Vasilevskiy A. M., K. S. Moskalenko, I. D. Chernyahovsky, F. Golikov. First tsamwisa chiito yaakaita bridgeheads, waimira vaironga kuunganazve dzakabatana uye kuramba zvizere vanokomba hurongwa mukurwa. Kusunungurwa Voronezh musi January 25 waiva mugumisiro Hondo Voronezh (January 24, 1943 - February 2). 60th Army pasi murayiro Ivan Chernyakhovsky akakunda guta uye kuchenesa zvachose kubva somuvengi kuti zvidimbu. Soviet muchiuto chiito akamanikidza vaNazi kutiza guta, vachisiya nzvimbo dzavo pamberi kuti vakombe vokuGermany vakaedza kuramba kurwisana-vakagadzirira zviumbu vehondo. Long, kunetesa hondo mumaguta nzvimbo kunge yekudyidzana kwakaderedza nhamba mauto eGermany uye vasanyanya ayo mweya kurwa. In mishumo News 26. 01. '43 akaridza shoko inotevera: somugumisiro kurwisa mauto eSoviet nevarwi Voronezh uye Bryansk fronts kwaiva kusunungurwa Voronezh January 25, 1943. Photos uye mavhidhiyo zuva zvinoratidza mukare akamboona nokuparadzwa. The guta rakaparadzwa zvachose, navageremo, kana kuruboshwe, kana vakaurayiwa nevaNazi. On matongo edzimba yasara zvakanga akanyarara zvokuti vanhu aidedera kubva bope pachake makwara ake.

kuparadza

Hitler Voronezh zvaidiwa sezvo iri nyore springboard mamwe offensives kumabvazuva. VokuGermany guta uye vasingagoni, saka, pakutanga rwerudyi-kubhengi chikamu vakagamuchira chinhu kuti vose kupona mugodhi muzvivako yakareba. Simba kuputika akaparadza mamiziyamu, machechi, paMuzinda Pioneers, administrative chinangwa chivakwa. zvinokosha All vasara muguta, vakaendeswa kune West, kusanganisira shongwe yendarira Petro 1 uye Lenin. Housing rakaparadzwa 96%, kuti chitima mitsetse uye simba mitsetse aparadzwa, kukurukurirana havana kushanda. Enhoroondo peguta pamwe zvivako zvemapango ayo Akapisa panguva kubhomba, ibwe uye zvidhina zvivako, fekitari zvitoro matongo, akakomberedzwa pakuzvimirira. Hitler akanyora kuti Voronezh zvabviswa panyika, zvayo kukwana kupora achatora makore 50-70, akanga kugutsikana ichi mugumisiro. Achidzoka kubvisa vanhuwo zvavo kuvakazve guta chaizvo zvidhina chaipo, zvivako vazhinji mined, zvichiguma vanhuwo zvavo. Voronezh aiva pakati 15 kupfuura kuparadzwa panguva Great hondo maguta Patriotic. On kupora kwake nechirevo chaiye zvishandiso zvokuvakisa vakasarudzwa. Voronezh haana vabvuma vokuGermany uye kuparadzwa, iye zvakazadza nomudzimu yehondo, mukanyiwa makuva akafukidzwa nevanozvitsigira dzavo, asi mupenyu uye kukura.

The ukoshi nokuti kumberi

Division achidzivirira Voronezh, kunze panguva dzinoverengeka mabasa anokosha. Vakasungira guru boka revarwi muvengi, zvaisanganisira kudivi reGermany, asiwo vatsigiri vayo muhondo iyi. Mauto Italian, Hungary vakakundwa panguva tsamwisa yakananga Voronezh. Mushure yakadaro kukundwa Hungary (kusaziva kusvikira zuva guru-pamwero Nokurasikirwa) akabuda kubatana Germany uye hondo kumabvazuva mberi. Voronezh nevanozvitsigira akafukidza Moscow uye akadzivirira anodiwa National chokufambisa samambure kumaodzanyemba negwara. kutsigira veguta vakanga vasingabvumirwi Hitler kumubata pakarepo, uye waibvisa chikamu boka kuti aifanira kusiya pa Stalingrad. In Voronezh mirayiridzo 25 nemapoka German vakaparadzwa, masoja vanopfuura zviuru 75 navatariri mapfumo. Kana yechiFascist rokurwa nharaunda uye guta guru vachiurayiwa ari rehurumende vemo kwakaita kuti paumbwe emagandanga kufamba. Pashure kusunungurwa vezvikwata izvi akakumbanira dzose vamapoka uto reSoviet. Liberation Day Voronezh rakava vakawanda haisi chete zororo, asi mavambo guru basa rokusika. Kudzorerwa kweguta akabvunza kuti vagari vatsva zvakapembererwa, asi muna 1945, "Unconquered" upenyu hwaiva chipatapata.